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DNA sequencing technology is one of the important tools in modern life science research, and with the development of science and technology, sequencing technology is constantly changing. High-throughput sequencing technology is known as the second generation sequencing technology. Compared with Sanger sequencing technology, high-throughput sequencing technology has the characteristics of high throughput, fast speed and low cost. In this paper, the researcher briefly introduced the emergence and development of DNA sequencing technology, and expounded the application of high-throughput sequencing in epigenetic research from the aspects of DNA methylation and histone modification.

Hydrogen–disproportionation–desorption–recombination (HDDR) Nd–Fe–B magnetic powders are promising to prepare bulk anisotropic magnets, but high magnetic performance has not been achieved due to the absence of an Nd-rich phase in the powder and the low degree of orientation of the bulk magnets. In this study, an alternative process of pre-orientation sintering via magnetic alignment followed by spark plasma sintering was proposed to prepare the precursor of hot-deformation (HD) magnets, and a high maximum energy product of 294 kJ m−3 was achieved in the HD magnet with a relatively low height reduction of 35%, then an improved coercivity of 1107 kA m−1 could be obtained followed by a grain boundary diffusion of Pr40Tb30Al20Cu10. Microstructure analysis indicates that pre-orientation of HDDR powders facilitates grain rotation and alignment during the HD process, thereby reducing the minimum deformation ratio. It helps to obtain the deformed grains with lower shape anisotropy and smaller grain size, enabling a good compatibility of magnetic and mechanical behaviors. In-situ Lorentzian transmission electron microscopy results show that the magnetic domains have been strongly fixed by the thick intergranular RE-rich phase and the fully Tb-diffused grains, which contributes to the improved coercivity after grain boundary diffusion. This study provides a guiding significance for the preparation of the anisotropic Nd–Fe–B HDDR magnets with optimized performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the adverse effects of traditional domestic solid fuel, the central government began implementing a clean heating policy in northern China in 2017. Clean coal is an alternative low-cost fuel for rural households at the present stage. In this study, 18 households that used lump coal, biomass, and clean coal as the main fuel were selected to evaluate the benefits of clean heating transformation in Tongchuan, an energy city in the Fenwei Plain, China. Both indoor and personal exposure (PE) samples of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were synchronically collected. Compared with the lump coal and biomass groups, the indoor PM2.5 concentration in the clean coal group is 43.6% and 20.0% lower, respectively, while the values are 16.8% and 21.3% lower, respectively, in the personal exposure samples. PM2.5-bound elements Cd, Ni, Zn, and Mn strongly correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in all fuel groups, indicating that transition metals are the principal components to generate oxidative stress. Using a reliable estimation method, it is predicted that after the substitution of clean coal as a household fuel, the all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease that causes female deaths per year could be reduced by 16, 6, and 3, respectively, in the lump coal group, and 22, 8, and 3, respectively, in the biomass group. Even though the promotion of clean coal has led to impressive environmental and health benefits, the efficiencies are still limited. More environmental-friendly energy sources must be promoted in the rural regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]