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Background In China, chronic diseases have become a major public health problem threatening residents' health. Highlighted in the national policies, primary care settings should act as the "main battlefield" for fighting chronic diseases. Objective To understand the topics, hot spots and development trends in chronic disease management in primary care of China, providing evidence for further research. Methods In September 2021, relevant literature of chronic disease management in primary care in China were searched in databases of SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and CQVIP from inception to September 13, 2021. Endnote X9 was used to conduct statistical analysis of the annual number of publications, distribution of journals, and distribution of institutions.VOSviewer 1.6.14 was adopted for high-frequency keywords analysis, network analysis of keyword co-occurrence, timeline view of keyword co-occurrence network, and visualizing the knowledge map. Results In total, 4 060 articles published since 1977 (as of September 13, 2021) were included. The annual number of published articles demonstrated an upward trend in general. The journal with the highest number of articles was Chinese General Practice〔329 articles (8.10%) 〕. Fudan University was the most prolific institution〔1.75% (71/4 060) 〕. The top 10 high-frequency keywords were chronic diseases〔8.75% (895/10 224) 〕, community〔7.49% (766/10 224) 〕, elderly people〔4.90% (501/10 224) 〕, diabetes〔4.62% (472/10 224) 〕, hypertension〔4.28% (438/10 224) 〕, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease〔4.22% (431/10 224) 〕, prevalence〔4.04% (413/10 224) 〕, influencing factors〔3.29% (336/10 224) 〕, risk factors〔2.60% (266/10 224) 〕 and quality of life〔1.95% (199/10 224) 〕. Four major hot topics were identified by network analysis of keyword co-occurrence: chronic disease management of the elderly in the community, epidemiology of risk factors for chronic diseases, management and community-based comprehensive prevention and treatment regarding chronic diseases (such as hypertension and diabetes) , community-based nursing and rehabilitation of chronic diseases (mainly for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) . Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and contracted family doctor services, informationization and Internet-based services, mental or sleep health, multimorbidity, general practitioner and pharmaceutical care were recently emgerged research themes identified by timeline view of keyword co-occurrence network. Conclusion The number of studies about of chronic disease management in primary care in China demonstrated an overall upward trend, with management of hypertension, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care as the research hotspots. Studies on hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and contracted family doctor service, informationization and Internet-based services, mental or sleep health, multimorbidity, and general practitioner and pharmaceutical care are in the ascendant.

In this study, we conducted a low-temperature exothermic (LTE) investigation on 1-year-old (1a) branches of sixteen peach cultivars through a differential thermal analysis (DTA) procedure. We used a three-point approach to determine the lethal injury temperature (LT-I) of the xylem, the LTE correlation indexes, and the subordinate function value method were applied to compare cold hardiness of sixteen peach varieties. The results showed that the slope of the LT-I for the xylem of sixteen peach cultivars was different, and the LTE indexes were significantly different. Among all the studied varieties, the cold hardiness was strongest in Donghe No.1, followed by Wangjiazhuangmaotao No.2 and Hunchun. Qiuyan and Yanhong are second, and belong to the cold-resistant type; Qiuyi, Okubo, Zhongnongjinhui, and Chunmei, exhibited medium cold hardiness. Zhongtaohongyu, Spring snow, Yufei, and Zhongyou No.8 varieties exhibited low hardiness; while the 21st century, Golden Honey No. 1 and Zhonghuashoutao have the worst cold hardiness and are the weakest cold-hardiness types. In addition, the injury degrees of xylem from LT-I analysis were significantly related to the browning rates (BR) and electrolytic leakage (EI) from traditional low temperature freezing analysis. It is demonstrated that the LTE analysis is a simple, accurate, and practical method for identifying the cold hardiness of 1a branches of peach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stern‐Gerlach (SG) effect, initially found for unveiling the existence of quantized electron spins, is now a general concept describing a state‐dependent separation. It is widely explored in optics to achieve a function of optical splitting, but the current schemes always require a polarization‐ or wavelength‐dependent process, thus showing limitations for broader applications. Here, spatial modes of an optical field are employed as another degree of freedom to demonstrate an SG effect. Two modes of a pair of coupled waveguides are found to be in analog to the electron spins. They are able to undergo a splitting upon a spatially‐dependent waveguide coupling, which plays the role of a non‐uniform magnetic field. In an experiment, such a splitting is realized in two coupled non‐parallel slab waveguides, and its strength is adjusted at ease by varying the parameters of this proposed structure. This SG‐related optical splitting may find applications in the field of optical sensing and signal processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new imidazole‐modified reduced graphene oxide was synthesized through a substitution reaction between amino imidazole and chlorographene. Functional groups and material composition were characterized by using several methods. The N content of product is high, it possesses more ligands. These ligands still combine metal ions under acidic conditions. Adsorption for methylene blue can be fitted by quasi‐second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model, physical adsorption is the predominant adsorption mechanism. Adsorption capacity (350.7 mg/g) of product for Cr (III) is about fourfold higher than that (74.7 mg/g) of reduced graphene oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floquet engineering provides an amazing way to reshape materials from topologically trivial to non‐trivial phases by exerting periodic drives. Among its vast investigations spanning various physical systems, the toolkit via driving on‐site potentials only is rarely employed. Here, a Floquet protocol that switches a simple lattice into a non‐trivial topological phase merely by driving its on‐site potentials is proposed. Non‐trivial topology arises from unpaired Floquet drives. Topological zero‐quasienergy states are found at boundaries between non‐trivial and trivial structures, being protected by sublattice symmetry. These states are experimentally demonstrated in a photonic platform. This approach can be extended to unveil more novel topological phenomena as well as to endow non‐trivial properties to a host of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]