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Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the value of CT tumor volumetry for predicting T and N stages of gastric cancer after chemotherapy, with pathologic results as the reference standard.Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 42 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer, who underwent chemotherapy followed by surgery. Pre- and post-treatment CT tumor volumes (VT) were measured in portal venous phase and volume reduction ratios were calculated. Correlations between pre- and post-treatment VT, reduction ratio, and pathologic stages were analyzed. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were also performed to assess diagnostic performance for prediction of downstaging to T0-2 stage and N0 stage.Results: Pretreatment VT, post-treatment VT, and VT reduction ratio were significantly correlated with T stage (rs=0.329, rs=0.546, rs= -0.422, respectively). Post-treatment VT and VT reduction ratio were significantly correlated with N stage (rs=0.442 and rs= -0.376, respectively). Pretreatment VT, post-treatment VT, and VT reduction ratio were significantly different between T0-2 and T3,4 stage tumors (P = 0.05, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively). The differences between N0 and ≥N1 groups were also statistically significant (P = 0.005 for post-treatment VT, P = 0.016 for VT reduction ratio, respectively). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for identification of T0-2 groups was 0.70 for pretreatment VT, 0.88 for post-treatment VT, and 0.82 for VT reduction ratio, respectively. AUC was 0.78 for post-treatment VT and 0.74 for VT reduction ratio for identification of N0 groups.Conclusion: CT tumor volumetry, particularly post-treatment measurement of VT, is potentially valuable for predicting histopathologic T and N stages after chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The toxicity of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which has a high incidence in the elderly worldwide. Recent evidence showed that alteration in the activity of N-methyl- D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) plays a key role in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. However, the activation of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs has distinct consequences for plasticity, gene regulation, neuronal death, and Aβ production. This review focuses on the dysregulation of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs induced by Aβ. On one hand, Aβ downregulates the synaptic NMDAR response by promoting NMDAR endocytosis, leading to either neurotoxicity or neuroprotection. On the other hand, Aβ enhances the activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs by decreasing neuronal glutamate uptake and inducing glutamate spillover, subsequently causing neurotoxicity. In addition, selective enhancement of synaptic activity by low doses of NMDA, or reduction of extrasynaptic activity by memantine, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, halts Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, future neuroprotective drugs for AD should aim at both the enhancement of synaptic activity and the disruption of extrasynaptic NMDAR-dependent death signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between preoperative waiting time and prognosis of elderly patients with hip fracture., Methods: From January 2014 to December 2018, 333 elderly hip fracture patients undergoing surgery were retrospectively analyzed, including 104 males and 229 females, aged from 60 to 99 years with an average of (77.93±8.49) years, and 183 patients were femoral neck fracture, 150 patients were femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Among them, 269 patients (80.78%) had a clustered preoperative waiting time of 2 to 8 days, and then divided into within 4-day group(91 cases) and over 4-day group(242 cases) according to their preoperative waiting time. The survival situation was followed by telephone, and follow-up time started from fracture admission to the death event, or to the research deadline (December 31, 2019). The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and Cox risk proportion model was used to analyze the independent risk factors of hip fracture in elderly patients., Results: All patients were followed up for 12 to 75 months(means 35 months), 59 patients died and the mortality rate was 17.72%(59/333). Compared with within 4-day group, the mortality rate was higher in over 4-day group[20.66%(50/242) vs. 9.89%(9/91), χ 2 =5.263, P =0.022]. Multiariable Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative waiting time, age, male and Charlson comorbidity index were independent risk factors for the prognosis of hip fracture in elderly patients (all P <0.05), and every 1-day delay was associated with 5% increase of the risk of death[ HR =1.05, 95% CI (1.00-1.10), P =0.045]. Subsequent analyse was stratified according to the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and found that over 4-day group had a higher mortality rate in patients with CCI<2, with statistically significant difference( P <0.05)., Conclusion: For elderly patients with hip fracture, most of hospitals could not complete the hip fracture surgery within 48 hours, we also need to shorten the waiting time before surgery, and thereby improve their prognosis.

Objective: To realize the effectiveness and security of Tobramycin and Dexamethasone Eye Ointment for blepharitis treatment. Design Case control studies. Participants 148 patients be diagnosed as blepharitis including 81 cases as research group and 67 cases as control group., Methods: Multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial. The patients met the inclusion criteria from First Hospital Peking University, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Ophthalmology Center Zhongshan University and Third Hospital Peking University were divided into two groups in Aug. to Dec. 2011. Tobramycin dexamethasone eye ointment was applied to eye lid in research group while patients in control group used tobramycin eye ointment. All patients were informed to apply warm compress to the lids, mechanically washing to the eyelids and artificial tears. At the beginning, the 7(th) day, the 14(th) day and the 28(th) day of treatment, observation of symptom, sign and side effect were recorded., Results: Before treatment the difference of the symptom scores of burning sensation, tears, photophobia and itch of two groups has no statistically significant (t = 1.87, 0.43, -0.64, 0.93, P > 0.05), but the symptom scores have a statistically significant decrease (t = 1.99 - 6.90, P < 0.05) at the 7(th) day, 14(th) day, 28(th) day. Before treatment the difference of signs scores have no statistically significant except the term of new blood vessels (t = 2.32, P = 0.02) while all the signs scores have a statistically significant decrease at the 7(th) day, 14(th) day, 28(th) day. Side effect: the number of patients with elevated intraocular pressure of research and control group is 3 and 1 respectively and the ratio is 3.7% and 1.5%., Conclusions: The tobramycin dexamethasone eye ointment can improve signs and symptoms of blepharitis patients. Some patients have to face with the risk of elevated intraocular pressure and it's necessary to monitor the intraocular pressure.