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In order to evaluate the impact of shield tunnel construction on adjacent buildings, a method based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and the interval number improvement technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed. A risk assessment system based on soil properties, building factors, tunnel factors, shield tunneling parameters, and other factors is established after investigation. The FAHP is used to determine the weight of factors based on expert scoring. Based on the traditional TOPSIS method, 6 typical samples are selected according to the factor grading standard to determine the non-uniform risk rating criteria. For the first time, the interval improved TOPSIS method is applied to the risk assessment of shield tunneling beneath buildings. The engineering situation can be better represented by the interval number. Compared with traditional risk assessment methods, this method is more accurate, less affected by subjective factors, and more objective. The proposed method has been used to evaluate the risk of a certain masonry building, and the result is consistent with the actual situation, which proves its effectiveness of. Thus, the proposed method can provide reference for risk assessment of similar projects.

Due to its soft lattice characteristics, all‐inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbI3‐xBrx) perovskite is vulnerable to external environmental stress such as moisture, polar solvent, illumination. resulting in structural defects (VI, Ii, etc.) and ion mobility. However, most of the prior arts focus on short‐term and static passivation, which has a negligible effect on defects formed during solar cell operation. Herein, a photoisomerizable molecule, 1,3,3‐trimethylindolino‐8′‐methoxybenzopyrylospiran (OMe‐SP), exhibiting light‐driven pre‐isomeric (SP) and post‐isomeric (PMC) configurations, is employed as an interfacial protective layer on top of CsPbI3‐xBrx. The present strategy not only effectively suppresses migration of halogen ions, but also enables sustainable passivation of defects, thereby significantly reducing interfacial charge recombination and retarding perovskite degradation. Consequently, the OMe‐SP‐modified perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit superior stability, maintaining 91% of their initial efficiency after aging 1032 h under maximum power point (MPP) tracking and continuous one sun illumination. Meanwhile, the OMe‐SP‐modified cell also achieves an impressive power conversion efficiency of 22.20%, which stands as the highest among all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells. Overall, the implementation of this robust strategy provides sustainable defect passivation and continuous suppression of ion migration for achieving both high PCE and stable inorganic perovskite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of the soft component and the ionic‐electronic nature in all‐inorganic CsPbI3‐xBrx perovskite typically lead to a significant number of halide vacancy defects and ions migration, resulting in a reduction in both photovoltaic efficiency and stability. Herein, we present a tailored approach in which both anion‐fixation and undercoordinated‐Pb passivation are achieved in situ during crystallization by employing a molecule derived from aniline, specifically 2‐methoxy‐5‐trifluoromethylaniline (MFA), to address the above challenges. The incorporation of MFA into the perovskite film results in a pronounced inhibition of ion migration, a significant reduction in trap density, an enhancement in grain size, an extension of charge carrier lifetime, and a more favorable alignment of energy levels. These advantageous characteristics contribute to achieving a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.14 % for the MFA‐based CsPbI3‐xBrx perovskite solar cells (PSCs), representing the highest efficiency reported thus far for this type of inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells, to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, the resultant PSCs exhibits higher environmental stability and photostability. This strategy is anticipated to offer significant advantages for large‐area fabrication, particularly in terms of simplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) has been recognized as the next frontier in innovative anode materials, set to revolutionize lithium‐ion batteries. Anticipated to replace graphite anodes, SnO2 boasts an ideal capacity of 782 mAh g−1 and an appropriate operating potential conducive to advanced battery technology. Nonetheless, the challenges posed by volume expansion and intricate synthesis route of Sn‐based anode materials have impeded their commercial viability. Herein, SnO2@graphene nanoparticles are synthesized through hydrogen bonding‐mediated self‐assembly process, utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and tin tetrachloride as starting materials. The resultant nanoparticles exhibit uniform distribution, forming a sandwich structure with graphene. Sample SP‐0.3, obtained by incorporating 6 g of PEG, demonstrates remarkable capacity for reversible energy storage. It retains a capacity of 703.1 mAh g−1 even after 900 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Coupled with the straightforward, convenient, and expeditious preparation method, the proposed technique positions the composite material as an invaluable candidate for commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimizing surface defect is vital to further improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we designed a passivator trifluoroacetamidine (TFA) to suppress CsPbI3−xBrx film defects. The amidine group of TFA can strongly chelate onto the perovskite surface to suppress the iodide vacancy, strengthened by additional hydrogen bonds. Moreover, three fluorine atoms allow strong intermolecular connection via intermolecular hydrogen bonds, thus constructing a robust shield against moisture. The TFA‐treated PSCs exhibit remarkably suppressed recombination, yielding the record PCEs of 21.35 % and 17.21 % for 0.09 cm2 and 1.0 cm2 device areas, both of which are the highest for all‐inorganic PSCs so far. The device also achieves a PCE of 39.78 % under indoor illumination, the highest for all‐inorganic indoor photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, TFA greatly improves device ambient stability by preserving 93 % of the initial PCE after 960 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]