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In response to biotic and abiotic stresses, the WRKY gene family plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. This study focused on Phoebe bournei and involved genome-wide identification of WRKY gene family members, clarification of their molecular evolutionary characteristics, and comprehensive mapping of their expression profiles under diverse abiotic stress conditions. A total of 60 WRKY gene family members were identified, and their phylogenetic classification revealed three distinct groups. A conserved motif analysis underscored the significant conservation of motif 1 and motif 2 among the majority of PbWRKY proteins, with proteins within the same class sharing analogous gene structures. Furthermore, an examination of cis-acting elements and protein interaction networks revealed several genes implicated in abiotic stress responses in P. bournei. Transcriptomic data were utilized to analyze the expression patterns of WRKY family members under drought and waterlogged conditions, with subsequent validation by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments. Notably, PbWRKY55 exhibited significant expression modulation under drought stress; PbWRKY36 responded prominently to waterlogging stress; and PbWRKY18, PbWRKY38, and PbWRKY57 demonstrated altered expression under both drought and waterlogging stresses. This study revealed the PbWRKY candidate genes that potentially play a pivotal role in enhancing abiotic stress resilience in P. bournei. The findings have provided valuable insights and knowledge that can guide further research aimed at understanding and addressing the impacts of abiotic stress within this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partially replacing diesel with carbon-free ammonia fuel is gaining more interest in tackling the issue of greenhouse gas emissions in freight transportation applications. But in ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engines, the combustion and emissions are of particular complexity, with complicated trade-offs among the rough combustion, the thermal efficiency, and the CO2/N2O/NO+NO2/NH3 emissions. To this end, this paper conducts systematical experimental tests on a modified PFI-DI single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine with ammonia injected in the intake manifold and diesel directly injected into the cylinder, containing ammonia energy fraction ranging from 0% to 50%, engine loads from IMEP 0.5 to 1.3 MPa, and sweeping diesel injection timing. Results show that the heat release of ammonia-diesel dual-fuel combustion (ADDC) possesses two exothermic stages, and as the ammonia energy fraction increases, the heat release process of ADDC in the first stage is intensified and that in the second stage is just the opposite, which causes rougher combustion but lower indicated thermal efficiency (ITE). Increasing the ammonia energy fraction also makes NO+NO2 and CO2 emissions reduced but NH3 and N2O emissions increased. N2O emissions with stronger greenhouse gas impact usually offset the reduction of CO2. Advancing diesel injection timing can improve ITE, but the cost is the rapidly increasing PPRR and NO+NO2 emissions. Besides, as the engine load increases, the ignition delay gets shortened and the combustion process becomes concentrated and efficient, the resistance to ammonia in ADDC gets better, and NH3 emissions are reduced at the cost of more NO+NO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rigid-flex elastic screening methods are widely employed in the efficient utilization of moist coal as they have high efficiency. Here, the synergy between the total excitation force (Ft), frequency (f), and disequilibrium excitation force coefficient (Fde) on the disequilibrium excitation rigid-flex elastic screening process was investigated. The results showed that the order of significance of the investigated parameters on screening performance was: Ft > f > Fde. Mathematical correlation models for the screening efficiency (η) and total misplaced materials (Mo) were established, and were used to obtain the optimum parameter values of Ft = 6.81 kN, f = 14.10 Hz, and Fde = 1.16. Experiments were conducted on moist coal samples from different mines to validate the screening performance. It was found that for all three samples, η was > 85%, and Mo was < 4.90%, hence, the accuracy of the model was verified, and good screening performance was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of two-dimensional (2D) magnetism is promising for energy-efficient electronic devices, including magnetoelectric random access memory and radio frequency/microwave magnonics, and it is gaining fundamental insights into quantum sensing technology. The key challenge resides in overseeing magnetic exchange interactions through a precise chemical reduction process, wherein manipulation of the arrangement of atoms and electrons is essential for achieving room-temperature 2D magnetism tailoring in a manner compatible with device architectures. Here, we report an electrochemically crafted CrI 3 layered magnet─a van der Waals material─with precisely tailored lithiation and delithiation degrees. The crystalline and packing structure within the intralayer are preserved during the lithium intercalation within the interlayer, owing to weak interlayer coupling. Intrinsic ferromagnetism featuring a Curie temperature reaching 420 K has been unequivocally demonstrated, showcasing a coercivity of 1120 Oe at room temperature. The degree of lithiation through the reduction from Cr 3+ to Cr 2+ plays a crucial role in determining a 28.5% change in magnetization and a 0.29 eV shift in the bandgap. Room temperature ferromagnetism and magnetoelectricity are critical for noncontact, specifically photon-driven, dynamic magnetism control of 2D magnet-based magnonics devices.