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Accurate prediction of pollutants in grain processing is of great significance to ensure food safety. However, due to the complexity of grain processing and the difficulty of pollutant detection, the data volume is too small to meet the needs of modeling and forecasting, so it is necessary to develop a method for expanding pollutant data from small samples. At the same time, pollutant data of small samples in grain processing often lacks sufficient prior knowledge. Traditional supervised learning method has low prediction accuracy, and the existing continuous deep learning model is not suitable for grain processing, being intermittent. Hence, there is a need to develop a prediction method based on unsupervised learning and deep learning for pollutants in grain processing. This study proposed a prediction method for pollutants in grain processing based on data expansion with time generative adversarial networks (TimeGAN) or based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) combined with deep forest (DF). First, a TimeGAN model was constructed to learn from small sample data and generate multiple sets of sample data, achieving data augmentation. Then, combining the GAN model with unsupervised learning with the DF model suitable for a discrete process, a GAN-DF model was constructed for pollutant prediction. Next, the DF and long short-term memory (LSTM)-DF models were embedded into GAN as generators, separately, and the resulting DFGAN and LSTM-DFGAN models had improved accuracy in pollutant prediction. The results of simulation and verification using the data of the heavy metal pollutant lead (Pb) in rice processing showed that the TimeGAN method was feasible to expand data, and the LSTM-DFGAN model had the best comprehensive prediction performance. After data expansion, the average absolute error and root mean square error were as low as 7.50 × 10-5 and 1.60 × 10-8 mg/kg, respectively.

A series of solid solution of (1− x)BiFeO- xBaTiO (abbreviated as BFO- xBT at 0.24 ≤ x ≤ 0.34) were prepared to reveal the relation between phase structure and multiferroic properties. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) separating R phase and T one was detected in BFO- xBT system at 0.26 ≤ x ≤ 0.34. Due to R and T two -phase coexistence, high piezoelectric properties of d = 191 pC/N and k = 34.68%, as well as excellent ferroelectric properties of 2 P = 56.13 μm/cm and 2 E = 75.35 kV/cm were achieved in the BFO- xBT ceramics at x = 0.30. Moreover, a low leakage current density ( J) of 1.01 × 10-3.18 × 10 A/cm at an applied electric field of 30 kV/cm and a weak ferromagnetism with remanent magnetization M of 0.014-0.054 emu/g and coercive fields H of 946-2340 Oe were detected in BFO- xBT ceramics at 0.24 ≤ x ≤ 0.34, suggesting that the BFO-BT ceramics have promising prospects in magnetoelectric functional components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new scheme of a double-variable-curvature microlens (DVCM) employing a single-step grinding technique with fully automated fabrication for efficient coupling between high-power 980-nm laser diodes and single-mode fibers is proposed and demonstrated. The grinded fiber endface exhibited a double-variable curvature in the major axis, and was clearly observed for both major and minor axes after slight fusion polish. The perfect aspherical shape of the DVCM results in less grinding offset of 0.2 \mum and better curvature radii control that leads to high average coupling efficiency of 83%. This clearly indicates that the performance of the DVCM can achieve high average coupling efficiency better than any other grinding techniques to form asymmetric microlenses. The versatility in double-variable-curvature design, fully automated fabrication, and the excellent performance of aspherical microlens makes the proposed DVCM extremely attractive for use in many lightwave interconnection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The anisotropic magnetoresistance value (ΔR/R) and magnetic field sensitivity (Sv) of NiFe films can be remarkably enhanced by using Al2O3 encapsulation, and the Sv is comparable to that of a spin valve. For an ultrathin NiFe film with the structure of Ta/Al2O3/NiFe/Al2O3/Ta, the Al2O3 layers suppress the formation of the magnetic dead layers and the interdiffusions between the NiFe layer and Ta layers, and decrease the current shunting of the Ta layers. More importantly, the flatter Al2O3/NiFe and NiFe/Al2O3 interfaces can significantly enhance the specular reflection of conduction electrons and lead to a higher ΔR/R. In addition, the formations of the NiFe (111) texture and the columnar grains by annealing can also increase the ΔR/R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(9)H(10)O(4)S, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules are linked into dimers by inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Unconventional C-H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter-actions are also present, connecting dimers into a three-dimensional network.

In the title compound, {[Co(C(7)H(3)NO(5))(C(13)H(14)N(2))(H(2)O)]·2H(2)O}(n), the Co(II) atom is coordinated by two O atoms from a pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ate N-oxide ligand, two N atoms from two 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane ligands and one water mol-ecule, and displays a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane ligands link the Co(II) atoms into an infinite zigzag chain parallel to [010]. The chains are further linked through O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

In the title compound, C(14)H(8)N(2)O(8)S(2), the asymmetric unit contains two independent 2,2'-dinitro-5,5'-dithio-dibenzoic acid (Dina) mol-ecules with roughly the same conformation. In the crystal structure, strong inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the organic mol-ecules into a one-dimensional zigzag chain along the a axis. The dihedral angles between the two aromatic rings [109.3 (2) and 103.1 (3)°] are larger than that (88.95°) observed in a structure of the compound with a solvent water mol-ecule [Shefter & Kalman (1969), J. Chem. Soc. D, p. 1027]. Such a difference may be explained by the occurrence of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the water mol-ecule in the previously reported structure.