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Fei-xuan Wang,1 Lu-wei Jin2 1Department of Clinical Medical College, Qilu Medical College, Zibo, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lu-wei Jin, Email 215700327@163.comAbstract: Asthma is a high-risk disease based on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In this review, we found that there are many studies on clinical therapy for asthma that focus on the efficacy of acupuncture therapy and its mechanisms, including the functional connectivity of different brain regions, with the aid of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), immune responses/cell recognition (innate lymphoid cells and balance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17), intracellular mechanism (autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and epigenetic alteration), and ligand–receptor/chemical signaling pathway (neurotransmitter, hormone, and small molecules). In this review, we summarized the clinical and experimental evidence for the mechanisms of acupuncture therapy in asthma to offer insights into drug discovery and clinical therapy. Given the paucity of clinical studies on the mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of asthma, this review notably included studies based on animal models to investigate the mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of asthma.Keywords: asthma, acupuncture therapy, acupoint, mechanism, fMRI

Ting Yin,1,2,* Jia-Xing Zhang,1,* Fa-Xuan Wang,1,2 Jian-Hua Zhao,3 Yu Zhao,1,2 Lan Liu,1,2 Xiu-Ying Liu,1,2 Yu-Hong Zhang,1,2 Yi Zhao1,2 1School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China; 3Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yu-Hong Zhang; Yi ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160, South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 0951-6980144Fax +86 0951-6980144Email zhabour@163.com; zhaoyi751114@hotmail.comObjective: Sarcopenic obesity is associated with several negative health outcomes. However, there are only a few studies on the relationship between SO and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and abnormal lipid metabolism in Chinese adults. The aim of this work was to evaluate the association between SO and hypertension, diabetes, and abnormal lipid metabolism in Chinese adults, and explore the prediction of SO using relevant anthropometric indicators.Materials and Methods: All participants underwent a questionnaire interview for the collection of demographic data. Thereafter, they underwent physical examination for the measurement of anthropometric variables, which was performed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Biochemical measurements were determined according to standard laboratory procedures used for the evaluation of blood parameters.Results: We included 14,926 patients aged 35– 74 years old. The mean age of the participants was 56.75 ± 9.76 years old, and 39.80% of them were male. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.94 ± 3.40 kg/m2, and the overall prevalence of SO was 65.1%. The results showed that shorter people; people with faster heart rate; heavier weight; lower waist circumference (WC), BMI, triglyceride level, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level are at risk for SO.Conclusion: The prevalence of SO is high (65.1%) in Chinese adults aged 35– 74 years old. The occurrence of SO is related to hypertension, diabetes, and abnormal lipid metabolism. BMI, WC, and waist-hip ratio may be predictive indicators of SO. The incidence of SO may be reduced by timely intervention and health education for persons at risk of the condition.Keywords: sarcopenic obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, abnormal lipid metabolism

Jie Gao,1 Jun-Fa Xue,2 Meng Xu,2 Bao-Song Gui,1 Feng-Xin Wang,2 Jian-Ming Ouyang21Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaPurpose: This study aimed to accurately analyze the relationship between calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation and the components of urinary nanocrystallites. Method: High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction, fast Fourier transformation of HRTEM, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed to analyze the components of these nanocrystallites. Results: The main components of CaOx stones are calcium oxalate monohydrate and a small amount of dehydrate, while those of urinary nanocrystallites are calcium oxalate monohydrate, uric acid, and calcium phosphate. The mechanism of formation of CaOx stones was discussed based on the components of urinary nanocrystallites. Conclusion: The formation of CaOx stones is closely related both to the properties of urinary nanocrystallites and to the urinary components. The combination of HRTEM, fast Fourier transformation, selected area electron diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy could be accurately performed to analyze the components of single urinary nanocrystallites. This result provides evidence for nanouric acid and/or nanocalcium phosphate crystallites as the central nidus to induce CaOx stone formation.Keywords: nanocrystallites, calcium oxalate stones, heterogeneous nucleation, HRTEM, EDS

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play important roles in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis and orchestrating metabolic inflammation. Given the extensive functional heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity of ATMs, identification of the authentically pathogenic ATM subpopulation under obese setting is thus necessitated. Herein, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and unraveled a unique maladaptive ATM subpopulation defined as ATF4 hi PDIA3 hi ACSL4 hi CCL2 hi inflammatory and metabolically activated macrophages (iMAMs), in which PDIA3 is required for the maintenance of their migratory and pro-inflammatory properties. Mechanistically, ATF4 serves as a metabolic stress sensor to transcribe PDIA3, which then imposes a redox control on RhoA activity and strengthens the pro-inflammatory and migratory properties of iMAMs through RhoA-YAP signaling. Administration of Pdia3 small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded liposomes effectively repressed adipose inflammation and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Together, our data support that strategies aimed at targeting iMAMs by suppressing PDIA3 expression or activity could be a viable approach against obesity and metabolic disorders in clinical settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Eleven undescribed monoterpenoid bisindole alkaloids, alstomaphyines A-K (1-11), along with three known analogues were isolated from the leaves and stem bark of the Alstonia macrophylla. Compounds 1-3 were unprecedented dimerization alkaloids incorporating a macroline-type motif with an ajmaline-type motif via a C-C linkage. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation, and CD exciton chirality method. Compounds 1-3 displayed potential inhibitory bioactivity against AChE with IC 50 values of 4.44 ± 0.35, 3.59 ± 0.18, and 3.71 ± 0.23 μM, respectively. Enzyme kinetic study revealed compounds 1-3 as mixed competitive AChE inhibitors. Besides, compounds 8 and 12-14 exhibited better cytotoxicity against human cancer cell line HT-29 than cisplatin. Flow cytometry data revealed that compounds 8, 13, and 14 significantly induced the HT-29 cells arrest in G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Dysregulated T cell activation underpins the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet the machineries that orchestrate T cell effector program remain incompletely understood. Herein, we leveraged bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data from RA patients and validated protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3) as a potential therapeutic target. PDIA3 is remarkably upregulated in pathogenic CD4 T cells derived from RA patients and positively correlates with C-reactive protein level and disease activity score 28. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of PDIA3 alleviates RA-associated articular pathology and autoimmune responses. Mechanistically, T cell receptor signaling triggers intracellular calcium flux to activate NFAT1, a process that is further potentiated by Wnt5a under RA settings. Activated NFAT1 then directly binds to the Pdia3 promoter to enhance the expression of PDIA3, which complexes with STAT1 or PKM2 to facilitate their nuclear import for transcribing T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 lineage-related genes, respectively. This non-canonical regulatory mechanism likely occurs under pathological conditions, as PDIA3 could only be highly induced following aberrant external stimuli. Together, our data support that targeting PDIA3 is a vital strategy to mitigate autoimmune diseases, such as RA, in clinical settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the effect of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rod semi-rigid pedicle screw fixation system in lumbar spine non-fusion surgery., Methods: A total of 74 patients with tow-level lumbar degenerative diseases who underwent surgery from March 2017 to December 2019 were divided into PEEK rod group and titanium rod group. In the PEEK rod group, there were 34 patients, including 13 males and 21 females, aged from 51 to 79 years old with an average of (62.4±6.8) years old;There were 1 patient of L 1 -L 3 segments, 7 patients of L 2 -L 4 segments, 20 patients of L 3 -L 5 segments and 6 patients of L 4 -S 1 segments. In the titanium rod group, there were 40 patients, including 17 males and 23 females, aged from 52 to 81 years old with an average of (65.2±7.3) years old;There were 3 patient of L 1 -L 3 segments, 11 patients of L 2 -L 4 segments, 19 patients of L 3 -L 5 segments and 7 patients of L 4 -S 1 segments. The general conditions of operation, such as operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage was recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for low back pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were compared in preoperatively and postoperatively(3 months, 12 months and last follow-up) between two groups. The change of range of motion (ROM) was observed by flexion and extension x-ray of lumbar., Results: All patients successfully completed the operation. The follow-up time ranged from 22 to 34 months with an average of(26.8±5.6) months. The operative time (142.2±44.7) min and intraoperative blood loss(166.5±67.4)ml in PEEK group were lower than those in titanium group [(160.7±57.3) min、(212.8±85.4) ml]( P <0.05). There was no significant differences in postoperative drainage between the two groups ( P >0.05). At the final follow-up visit, in PEEK group and titanium group VAS of low back pain[(0.8±0.4) points vs (1.0±0.5) points], VAS for leg pain [ (0.7±0.4) points vs (0.8±0.5) points] and ODI [(9.8±1.6)% vs (12.1±1.5)%] were compared with preoperative [ (5.8±1.1) points vs (6.0±1.1)points], [ (7.2±1.7) points vs (7.0±1.6) points], [(68.5±8.9)% vs(66.3±8.2)%] were significantly different( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS scores between the two groups at each postoperative time point ( P >0.05). At 3 months after surgery, there was no difference in ODI between the two groups ( P >0.05). There were significant differences in ODI between PEEK group and titanium rod group at 12 months [(15.5±2.1)% vs (18.4±2.4)%] and at the last follow-up [(9.8±1.6)% vs (12.1±1.5)%] ( P <0.05). The total range of motion (ROM) of lumbar decreased in both groups after surgery. At 12 months after surgery and the last follow-up, the PEEK group compared with the titanium rod group, the total range of motion of lumbar was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The range of motion (ROM) of the fixed segments decreased in both groups after surgery. The ROM of the fixed segments in PEEK group decreased from (9.5±4.6)° to (4.1±1.9)° at the last follow-up ( P <0.05), which in the titanium rod group was decreased from (9.8±4.3)°to (0.9±0.5)° at the last follow-up ( P <0.05). The range of motion (ROM) of upper adjacent segment increased in both groups, there was statistical significance in the ROM of upper adjacent segment between the two groups at 12 months after surgery and the last follow-up, ( P <0.05). There was no screw loosening and broken rods in both groups during the follow-up period., Conclusion: The PEEK rod semi-rigid pedicle screw internal fixation system used in lumbar non-fusion surgery can retain part of the mobility of the fixed segment, showing comparable short-term clinical efficacy to titanium rod fusion. PEEK rod semi-rigid pedicle screw internal fixation system is a feasible choice for the treatment of lumbar spine degenerative diseases, and its long-term efficacy needs further follow-up observation.

In 2005, Altuvia and colleagues were the first to identify the gene that encodes miR-451 in the human pituitary gland, located in chromosome region 17q11.2. Subsequent studies have confirmed that miR-451 regulates various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, microglia, macrophages, and neutrophils, thereby influencing disease progression. The range of immune-related diseases affected encompasses various cancers, lymphoblastic leukemia, and injuries to the lungs and spinal cord, among others. Moreover, miR-451 is produced by immune cells and can regulate both their own functions and those of other immune cells, thus creating a regulatory feedback loop. This article aims to comprehensively review the interactions between miR-451 and immune cells, clarify the regulatory roles of miR-451 within the immune system, and assess its potential as both a therapeutic target and a biomarker for immune-related diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Shi and Mu.)

In this work, MIL-88A(Fe) was immobilized onto the expanded perlites to fabricate the floating MIL-88A(Fe)@expanded perlites (M@EP) catalyst via high throughput batch synthesis method under room temperature. The as-prepared M@EP could efficiently activate H 2 O 2 to achieve 100% tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) removal under both artificial low power UV light (UVL) and real sunlight (SL) irradiation. The toxicological evaluation, growth experiment of mung beans and antimicrobial estimation revealed the decreasing aquatic toxicity of the TCs intermediates compared to those of the pristine TCs. A self-designed continuous bed reactor was employed to investigate the long-term operation of the M@EP. The findings demonstrated that the antibiotics mixture can be continuously degraded up to 7 days under UVL and 5 daytimes under SL irradiation, respectively. More importantly, ca. 76.9% and 81.6% of total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies were accomplished in continuous bed reactor under UVL and SL irradiation, respectively. This work advances the immobilized MOFs on floating supports for their practical application in large-scale wastewater purification through advanced oxidation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: This work presented the high throughput production and photo-Fenton degradation application of floating MIL-88A(Fe)@expanded perlites (M@EP). Three tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) were selected as model pollutants to test the degradation ability of M@EP in batch experiment and continuous operation under artificial light and solar light. The complete TCs degradation could be accomplished in self-designed device up to 7 d under UV light and 5 d under real solar light. This work tapped a new door to push MOFs-based functional materials in the real water purification., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Four new alkaloids, arecatines A-D ( 1 - 4 ), were isolated from the peels of Areca catechu . Compound 1 is an unusual piperidine-pyridine hybrid alkaloid, whereas compounds 2 - 4 feature bis-piperidine alkaloids. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, HRESIMS, and NMR spectra analysis. The molecular docking analysis indicated that compound 3 exhibited the best binding affinity with the GABA A receptor, indicating its potential anti-epilepsy activity.

The development of perennial crops holds great promise for sustainable agriculture and food security. However, the evolution of the transition between perenniality and annuality is poorly understood. Here, using two Brassicaceae species, Crucihimalaya himalaica and Erysimum nevadense, as polycarpic perennial models, we reveal that the transition from polycarpic perennial to biennial and annual flowering behavior is a continuum determined by the dosage of three closely related MADS-box genes. Diversification of the expression patterns, functional strengths, and combinations of these genes endows species with the potential to adopt various life-history strategies. Remarkably, we find that a single gene among these three is sufficient to convert winter-annual or annual Brassicaceae plants into polycarpic perennial flowering plants. Our work delineates a genetic basis for the evolution of diverse life-history strategies in plants and lays the groundwork for the generation of diverse perennial Brassicaceae crops in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In addition to its recognized role in providing structural support, bone plays a crucial role in maintaining the functionality and balance of various organs by secreting specific cytokines (also known as osteokines). This reciprocal influence extends to these organs modulating bone homeostasis and development, although this aspect has yet to be systematically reviewed. This review aims to elucidate this bidirectional crosstalk, with a particular focus on the role of osteokines. Additionally, it presents a unique compilation of evidence highlighting the critical function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) within bone-organ axes for the first time. Moreover, it explores the implications of this crosstalk for designing and implementing bone-on-chips and assembloids, underscoring the importance of comprehending these interactions for advancing physiologically relevant in vitro models. Consequently, this review establishes a robust theoretical foundation for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases related to the bone-organ axis from the perspective of cytokines, EVs, hormones, and metabolites., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Limited evidence exists regarding the link between platelet count and 30-day in-hospital mortality in acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients. Thus, this study aims to investigate this association among ICU patients experiencing acute respiratory failure., Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study across multiple centers, utilizing data from the US eICU-CRD v2.0 database covering 22,262 patients with ARF in the ICU from 2014 to 2015. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between platelet count and 30-day in-hospital mortality using binary logistic regression, subgroup analyses, and smooth curve fitting., Results: The 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 19.73% (4393 out of 22,262), with a median platelet count of 213 × 10 9 /L. After adjusting for covariates, our analysis revealed an inverse association between platelet count and 30-day in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.99, 0.99). Subgroup analyses supported the robustness of these findings. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was identified between platelet count and 30-day in-hospital mortality, with the inflection point at 120 × 10 9 /L. Below the inflection point, the effect size (OR) was 0.89 (0.87, 0.91), indicating a significant association. However, beyond this point, the relationship was not statistically significant., Conclusion: This study establishes a clear negative association between platelet count and 30-day in-hospital mortality among ICU patients with ARF. Furthermore, we have identified a nonlinear relationship with saturation effects, indicating that among ICU patients with acute respiratory failure, the lowest 30-day in-hospital mortality rate occurs when the baseline platelet count is approximately 120 × 10 9 /L., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Vascular malformations (VMs) arise as a result of errors in the process of angiogenesis and are usually present at birth, but may not become apparent until after birth. However, giant VMs of the head and face are uncommon, with few reported cases, and the prognosis for their surgical intervention is unclear., Case Summary: A 12-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with findings of an enlarged right temporal scalp. After admission, computed tomography (CT) angiography of cerebral ateries showed a right occlusal gap and a right temporal artery venous malformation. Furthermore, cerebral angiography showed a right temporal lobe VM with multiple vessels supplying blood. The patient underwent surgery to remove the malformed vessels and the eroded skull. Two hours after the surgery, the patient's right pupil was dilated, and an urgent CT scan of the skull showed a right subdural haematoma under the incision, which was urgently removed by a second operation. After surgery, we gave continuous antibiotic anti-infection treatment, and the patient recovered well and was discharged two weeks later., Conclusion: Surgical removal of giant haemangiomas is risky and adequate preoperative (including interventional embolisation) and intraoperative preparations should be made., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, although the majority of recently infected cases have presented with mild to moderate symptoms. Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that Shufeng Jiedu (SFJD) capsule, a Chinese herbal patent medicine, effectively alleviates symptoms associated with the common cold, H1N1 influenza, and COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of SFJD capsules in managing symptoms of mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted from May to December 2022 at two hospitals in China. Mild and moderate COVID-19-infected patients presenting respiratory symptoms within 3 days from onset were randomly assigned to either the SFJD or placebo groups in a 1:1 ratio. Individuals received SFJD capsules or a placebo three times daily for five consecutive days. Participants were followed up for more than 14 days after their RT-PCR nucleoid acid test for SARS-CoV-2 turned negative. The primary outcome measure was time to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms from baseline until the end of follow-up. Results: A total of 478 participants were screened; ultimately, 407 completed the trial after randomization (SFJD, n = 203; placebo, n = 204). No statistically significant difference in baseline parameters was observed between the two groups. The median time to alleviate all symptoms was 7 days in the SFJD group compared to 8 days in the placebo group ( p = 0.037). Notably, the SFJD group significantly attenuated fever/chills ( p = 0.04) and headache ( p = 0.016) compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the median time taken to reach normal body temperature within 24 h was reduced by 7 hours in the SFJD group compared to the placebo group ( p = 0.033). No deaths or instances of serious or critical conditions occurred during this trial period; moreover, no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The trial was conducted in a unique controlled hospital setting, and the 5-day treatment with SFJD capsules resulted in a 1-day reduction in overall symptoms, particularly headache and fever/chills, among COVID-19-infected participants with mild or moderate symptoms. Compared to placebo, SFJD capsules were found to be safe with fewer side effects. SFJD capsules could potentially serve as an effective treatment for alleviating mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration : https://www.isrctn.com/, identifier ISRCTN14236594., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Lu, Yang, Jin, Friedemann, Li, Liu, Chen, Zou, Zhang, Wang, Lin, Tang, Cao, Jiang, Gao, Liu, Tao, Robinson, Schröder, Liu and Lu.)

High salt (HS) consumption is a risk factor for multiple autoimmune disorders via disturbing immune homeostasis. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms by which HS exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis remain poorly defined. Herein, we found that heightened phosphorylation of PDPK1 and SGK1 upon HS exposure attenuated FoxO1 expression to enhance the glycolytic capacity of CD4 T cells, resulting in strengthened Th17 but compromised Treg program. GSK2334470 (GSK), a dual PDPK1/SGK1 inhibitor, effectively mitigated the HS-induced enhancement in glycolytic capacity and the overproduction of IL-17A. Therefore, administration of GSK markedly alleviated HS-exacerbated RA progression in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Collectively, our data indicate that HS consumption subverts Th17/Treg homeostasis through the PDPK1-SGK1-FoxO1 signaling, while GSK could be a viable drug against RA progression in clinical settings., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a pathogen that causes severe abortions in sows and high piglet mortality, resulting in huge economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. The emerging and novel PRRSV isolates are clinically and biologically important, as there are likely recombination and pathogenic differences among PRRSV genomes. Furthermore, the NADC34-like strain has become a major epidemic strain in some parts of China, but the characterization and pathogenicity of the latest strain in Inner Mongolia have not been reported in detail. In this study, an NADC34-like strain (CHNMGKL1-2304) from Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia was successfully isolated and characterized, and confirmed the pathogenicity in pigs. The phylogenetic tree showed that this strain belonged to sublineage 1.5 and had high homology with the strain JS2021NADC34. There is no recombination between CHNMGKL1-2304 and any other domestic strains. Animal experiments show that the CHNMGKL1-2304 strain is moderately virulent to piglets, which show persistent fever, weight loss and high morbidity but no mortality. The presence of PRRSV nucleic acids was detected in both blood, tissues, nasal and fecal swabs. In addition, obvious pathological changes and positive signals were observed in lung, lymph node, liver and spleen tissues when subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). This report can provide a basis for epidemiological investigations and subsequent studies of PRRSV.

The total syntheses of (±)-quebrachamine and (±)-kopsiyunnanine D are reported. Key transformations include an intermolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination to merge the two fragments convergently and an intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction to introduce the synthetically challenging nine-membered azonane ring efficiently.

In this work, a three-dimensional bimetallic metal-organic framework (BMOF), BUC-101 (Co/Mn-H 6 chhc, H 6 chhc = cis -1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexane-hexacarboxylic acid, BUC = Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture) was synthesized by a one-pot solvothermal method and characterized in detail by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) element mapping analysis. BUC-101 showed excellent catalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation performance to degrade rhodamine B (RhB) without energy input. In addition, BUC-101 can maintain good stability and recyclability during the PMS activation processes, in which 99.9% RhB degradation efficiencies could be accomplished in 5 operational runs. The possible PMS activation and RhB degradation mechanisms of the BUC-101/PMS system were proposed and affirmed.

Organic-inorganic hybrid multifunctional materials have shown significant application in lighting and sensor fields, owing to their prominent performance and diversity structures. Herein, we synthesized two multifunctional compounds: (propyl-quinuclidone) 2 CdBr 4 (1) and (F-butyl-quinuclidone) 2 CdBr 4 (2). By introducing light-emitting organic cation with flexible long chain, 1 and 2 exhibit excellent transition properties and bright blue-white fluorescence. Then, combine fluorescence lifetime and first-principal calculation, providing evidence for the electron transfer emission. Subsequently, investigated the impact of substituent carbon chain length (methyl to butyl), structural rigidity (C-C to C-F) and halide framework (Cl to I) on the fluorescence properties. Results indicate that Cd⋅⋅⋅Cd distance and structural rigidity play an important role in fluorescence. Overall, our research provides valuable insight and example for chemical modifications enhance compound performance., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence and attributable burden of diet high in processed meat (DHIPM) in global, regional, and national level due to the burden caused by unhealthy dietary pattern worldwide., Design: Cross-sectional study., Materials and Design: All the data involved in this research were obtained from Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was used to estimate the prevalence, which was measured by summary exposure value (SEV) and attributable burden of DHIPM. The Spearman rank order correlation method was performed to measure the correlation between sociodemographic index (SDI) and the prevalence as well as attributable burden. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to demonstrate the temporal trends., Results: Globally, there were 304.28 thousand deaths and 8556.88 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by DHIPM in 2019 and increased by 34.63 and 68.69%, respectively. The prevalence had decreased slightly from 1990 to 2019, however increased in most regions and countries, especially in middle SDI regions, despite the implicitly high prevalence in high SDI regions. Countries with higher SDI values were facing higher prevalence and attributable burden of DHIPM while developing countries were observed with severer temporal trends. Compared with women, men had suffered from lower exposure level however graver attributable burden of DHIPM in the past three decades., Conclusion: The progress of continuous urbanization allowed increasingly severe prevalence and attributable burden of DHIPM, thus the challenge to alleviate this trend was acute. Effective measures such as education on beneficial dietary pattern and supplement on healthy food were urgently required, especially in developing regions and countries., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Kong, Guo, Li and Zhang.)

Two-dimensional double perovskites have experienced rapid development due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and diverse structural characteristics. However, the synthesis of high-performance multifunctional compounds and the regulation of their properties still lack relevant examples. Herein, we synthesized two multifunctional compounds, (C 6 H 14 N) 4 AgSbBr 8 ( 1 ) and (F 2 -C 6 H 12 N) 4 AgSbBr 8 ( 2 ), which exhibit high solid-state phase transition temperature, bistable dielectric constant switching, second harmonic generation (SHG), and bright emission. Through H/F substitution, the transition temperature increases and achieves a smaller band gap attributed to reduced interlayer spacing. Furthermore, we investigated the broad emission mechanism of the compounds through first-principles calculation and variable-temperature fluorescence, confirming the presence of the STE1 emission. Our work provides insight into the further development of multifunctional compounds and chemical modification that enhances compound properties.

Background: Evidence regarding the relationship between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 3-month outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is still scarce. Therefore, the present study was preformed to explore the link between the BUN and 3-month poor outcomes in patients with AIS., Methods: A retrospective study of 1866 participants with AIS enrolled from January 2010 to December 2016 at a hospital in South Korea. Binary logistic regression, smooth curve fitting, and a set of sensitivity analyses were used to analyze the association between BUN and 3-month poor outcomes., Results: After adjusting covariates, the results of the binary logistic regression model suggested that the relationship between the BUN and the risk of 3-month poor outcomes for AIS patients was not statistically significant. However, there was a special nonlinear relationship between them, and the inflection point of the BUN was 13 mg/dl. On the left side of the inflection point, every unit increase in the BUN reduces the risk of 3-month poor outcomes by 14.1 % (OR = 0.859, 95%CI: 0.780-0.945, p = 0.0019). On the right side of the inflection point, the relationship is not statistically significant., Conclusion: There is a nonlinear relationship with saturation effect between BUN level and 3-month poor outcomes in AIS patients. Maintaining the BUN at around 13 mg/dl can reduce the risk of 3-month poor outcome in AIS patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

HLA-C*03:651 differs from HLA-C*03:03:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 4., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: International migration has accelerated the HIV-1 spread across national borders, gradually reducing the restrictions on the geographical distribution of HIV-1 subtypes. Subtypes A and G are globally recognized as the third and sixth most dominant HIV-1 genotypes, mainly prevalent in Africa, but rarely detected in China. Here we reported an imported HIV-1 recombinant which was composed of sub-subtypes A1 and A7 of subtype A and subtype G genes in a Chinese female. This virus was the first HIV-1 recombinant including A7 genes reported in the world., Case Presentation: The near full-length genome (NFLG) was obtained from the plasma sample of the female in an HIV-1 molecular epidemiological survey with 853 participants in China. Phylogenetic analyses showed that this NFLG sequence contains three A7 segments, four G segments and one A1 segment with seven breakpoints, and all these segments were closely related to HIV-1 references circulating in Africa. The evidence from epidemiological investigation indicated that this female participant had a more-than-two-years heterosexual contact history with a fixed partner from Nigeria, a country in west Africa, which further supported the results of phylogenetic analyses. By the Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, the times of most recent common ancestors (tMRCA) of the partial pol gene (nt2308-3284, A7 region) and full-length vpr-vpu plus partial env gene (nt5534-6858, G region) were estimated around 1989 and 1984, respectively., Conclusions: In this study, by using the NFLG sequencing, we identified an imported HIV-1 A1/A7/G recombinant which was estimated to originate around 1980s in Africa and introduced into China with international migration. This study highlighted the complexity of the global HIV-1 epidemic, the necessity of using genome sequences to determine HIV-1 genotypes and the importance of real-time monitoring of HIV-1 infection among international migrants and travelers., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) are important targets of lipid metabolism regulation for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) therapy. In the present study, a set of novel indole ethylamine derivatives ( 4 , 5 , 8 , 9 ) were designed and synthesized. The target product (compound 9 ) can effectively activate PPARα and CPT1a. Consistently, in vitro assays demonstrated its impact on the lipid accumulation of oleic acid (OA)-induced AML12 cells. Compared with AML12 cells treated only with OA, supplementation with 5, 10, and 20 μM of compound 9 reduced the levels of intracellular triglyceride (by 28.07%, 37.55%, and 51.33%) with greater inhibitory activity relative to the commercial PPARα agonist fenofibrate. Moreover, the compound 9 supplementations upregulated the expression of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and upregulated the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) related to fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. This dual-target compound with lipid metabolism regulatory efficacy may represent a promising type of drug lead for NAFLD therapy.

Acupuncture-moxibustion is remarkably effective on encephalopathy, but its mechanism is unclear. With the continuous development of imaging technology, the in vivo brain imaging technology has been used increasingly in life science research and it also becomes a more effective tool for the basic research of acupuncture-moxibustion in treatment of encephalopathy. The paper summarizes the application of its technology in the basic research of acupuncture-moxibustion for encephalopathy and the characteristics of imaging, as well as the advantages and shortcomings. It is anticipated that the references may be provided for the basic research of acupuncture-moxibustion in treatment of encephalopathy and be conductive to the modernization of acupuncture-moxibustion.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of chemotherapy re-challenge in the third-line setting for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the real world. Methods: The clinicopathological data, treatment information, recent treatment efficacy, adverse events and survival data of mCRC patients who had disease progression after treatment with oxaliplatin-based and/or irinotecan-based chemotherapy and received third-line chemotherapy re-challenge from January 2013 to December 2020 at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were retrospectively collected. Survival curves were plotted with the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the prognostic factors. Results: A total of 95 mCRC patients were included. Among them, 32 patients (33.7%) received chemotherapy alone and 63 patients (66.3%) received chemotherapy combined with targeted drugs. Eighty-three patients were treated with dual-drug chemotherapy (87.4%), including oxaliplatin re-challenge in 35 patients and irinotecan re-challenge in 48 patients. The remaining 12 patients were treated with triplet chemotherapy regimens (12.6%). Among them, as 5 patients had sequential application of oxaliplatin and irinotecan in front-line treatments, their third-line therapy re-challenged both oxaliplatin and irinotecan; 7 patients only had oxaliplatin prescription before, and these patients re-challenged oxaliplatin in the third-line treatment. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) reached 8.6% (8/93) and 61.3% (57/93), respectively. The median progression free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were 4.9 months and 13.0 months, respectively. The most common adverse events were leukopenia (34.7%) and neutropenia (34.7%), followed by gastrointestinal adverse reactions such as nausea (32.6%) and vomiting (31.6%). Grade 3-4 adverse events were mostly hematological toxicity. Cox multivariate analysis showed that gender ( HR =1.609, 95% CI: 1.016-2.548) and the PFS of front-line treatments ( HR =0.598, 95% CI: 0.378-0.947) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: The results suggested that it is safe and effective for mCRC patients to choose third-line chemotherapy re-challenge, especially for patients with a PFS of more than one year in front-line treatments.

Constructing Fe-Cu bimetal catalysts is an efficient strategy to promote Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle, whereas there is still a long way to go before fully understanding the role of the Cu in the catalysts. Herein, a new Fe-MOF namely BUC-96(Fe) was fabricated from FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (H 4 dhtp) by both hydrothermal reaction and microwave-assisted method. Also, bimetal BUC-96(FeCu-x) were obtained when the CuSO 4 was added into the system identical to the synthesis process of BUC-96(Fe). Series BUC-96 MOFs showed good organics elimination performance via Fenton-like process, where 88.1% (k = 0.0672 min -1 ) of chloroquine phosphate (CQ, 20 mg/L) was decomposed over pristine BUC-96(Fe) within 30 min. Interestingly, nearly 100% CQ was degraded over BUC-96(FeCu-5) as catalyst under the identical conditions within 5 min, whose reaction rate (1.3527 min -1 ) was 20.1-fold higher than that of BUC-96. Additionally, BUC-96(FeCu-5) exhibited excellent Fenton-like oxidation degradation performance for 10 selected emerging organic pollutants. The reaction mechanism was studied in detail by experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The results revealed that the introduced Cu not only accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles, hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation, electron transfer, but also lowered H 2 O 2 dissociated energy barrier. This work advanced the bimetal MOFs construction and application in wastewater treatment via Fenton-like process., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Studies considering the relationship between non-obesity-related body composition and lung function are few; therefore, this study aimed to explore these correlations and effects. This cross-sectional study conducted in rural Qingtongxia City and Pingluo County, Ningxia, China, included 776 participants aged 30-75 years. Body composition and lung function were measured using direct segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis and a digital spirometer, respectively. Their correlation was assessed using partial correlation analysis, controlling for age and smoking status, and the body composition effect on lung function was analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis. The body components total body water content, protein content, mineral content, muscle mass, fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, basal metabolic volume, and chest circumference (CC) positively correlated with pulmonary function (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second) in both sexes. Neck circumference and hip circumference positively correlated with pulmonary function in women. Additionally, lung function declines more slowly in women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44-0.98, p =  0.04); CC (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86-0.98, p = 0.01) increased as a protective factor for decreased lung function. Increased waist circumference (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.09, p = 0.04) was a risk factor for reduced lung function. FFM contains body composition indicators positively correlating with lung function, excluding fat-related body composition. Abdominal obesity increases the risk of decreased lung function., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

The combination of chirality and phase-transition materials has broad application prospects. Therefore, based on the quasi-spherical theory and the thought strategy of introducing chirality, we have successfully synthesized a pair of chiral enantiomeric ligands (R/S)-triethyl-(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium iodide, which can be combined with a tin hexachloride anion to obtain a pair of new organic-inorganic hybrid enantiomeric high-temperature plastic phase-transition materials: (R/S)-[CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 SnCl 6 (1-R/1-S), which have a high temperature phase transition of T c =384 K, crystallize in the P2 1 chiral space group at room temperature, and have obvious CD signals. In addition, compounds 1-R and 1-S have a good low-loss dielectric switch and broadband gap. This work is conducive to the research into chiral high-temperature reversible plastic phase-transition materials, and promotes the development of multi-functional phase-transition materials., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic, progressive autoinflammatory disorder resulting from the breakdown of self-tolerance and unrestrained β cell-reactive immune response. Activation of immune cells is initiated in islet and amplified in lymphoid tissues, especially those pancreatic draining lymph nodes (PLNs). The knowledge of PLNs as the hub of aberrant immune response is continuously being replenished and renewed. Here we provide a PLN-centered view of T1D pathogenesis and emphasize that PLNs integrate signal inputs from the pancreas, gut, viral infection or peripheral circulation, undergo immune remodeling within the local microenvironment and export effector cell components into pancreas to affect T1D progression. In accordance, we suggest that T1D intervention can be implemented by three major ways: cutting off the signal inputs into PLNs (reduce inflammatory β cell damage, enhance gut integrity and control pathogenic viral infections), modulating the immune activation status of PLNs and blocking the outputs of PLNs towards pancreatic islets. Given the dynamic and complex nature of T1D etiology, the corresponding intervention strategy is thus required to be comprehensive to ensure optimal therapeutic efficacy., (© 2023. Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America (SCBA).)

Ferroelectric materials are not only important electronic functional materials, but also considered as the most promising intelligent basic materials, because they show good application prospects. Therefore, it is an urgent task to develop and explore new ferroelectric material systems. In addition, the most important feature of crown ethers is their ability to complex with positive ions, which is extremely useful in synthesis. We report that [NH 3 C 2 H 4 Cl(18-crown-6)](CF 3 SO 3 ) (1) has a phase transition temperature T c = 255 K, and there is an obvious SHG switch below T c . At the same time, the saturation polarization value P s = 1.25 μC cm -2 is obtained from the hysteresis loop, which directly proves the ferroelectric nature of compound 1. It is noteworthy that the second harmonic response test of compound 1 shows a symmetric transition from a non-centrosymmetric to a centrosymmetric point group, that is a symmetry break from the paraelectric phase to the ferroelectric phase. This work is expected to promote the further exploration of organic crown ether ferroelectrics and provide a way to design and synthesize organic crown ether ferroelectrics.

Switchable materials have gained significant attention due to their potential applications in data storage, sensors, and switching devices. Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites have demonstrated promising prospects for designing switchable materials, where the dynamic motion of the organic components coupled with the distortion of the inorganic framework provides the driving force for triggering multifunctional switchable properties. Herein, through the H/F substitution strategy, we report a polar 2D hybrid lead-based perovskite, (4,4-DCA) 2 PbBr 4 (4,4-DCA = 4,4-difluorocyclohexylammonium) ( 1 ), which exhibits dual-stable behavior in a dielectric and second harmonic generation (SHG) response during the reversible phase transition process near the high Curie temperature T c ∼ 409 K. The phase transition temperature is significantly increased by 41 K compared to the corresponding non-fluorinated (CHA) 2 PbBr 4 (CHA = cyclohexylammonium). Remarkably, the material shows rare broad-band yellow emission under UV excitation, attributed to the induction of self-trapped exciton emission by the distortion of the [PbBr 6] 4- octahedra, as confirmed by the first-principles analysis. 1 also exhibited ferroelectricity with a saturation polarization value and a small coercive field. This study provides a new insight into the modification of multifunctional switchable materials through the H/F substitution strategy.

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties and easy synthesis. As far as we know, most documented ferroelastics mainly focus on the 3D (three-dimensional) perovskites, the 2D monolayer perovskite ferroelastics are rarely reported before. In this work, we synthesized a 2D lead-based perovskite (C 5 NH 13 Br) 2 PbBr 4 ( 1 ) (C 5 NH 13 Br = 5-bromoamylamine cation) by introducing flexible chain organic cations. The evolution of ferroelastic domains observed by a polarized light microscope confirms that compound 1 undergoes a ferroelastic phase transition at 392/384 K. In addition, its direct band gap is 2.877 eV. Interestingly, the material emits an attractive blue light (quantum yield 5.06%) under UV light. Three structural descriptors are introduced to quantitatively analyze the relationship between structural distortion and the shape of emission peak. This work provides a way to design multifunctional perovskite-type materials.

Objective: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Heilongjiang, China, and try to spot signs of new circulating recombinant form (CRF) in this region., Design: A molecular epidemiological study was conducted in Heilongjiang, China during 2011-2020., Methods: Plasma samples were collected from three HIV-1-positive patients (two MSM and one man lacking risk factor information). The near full-length genome sequences (NFLGs) of a novel CRF were then obtained and subjected to phylogenetic analysis using Mega 7.0.26. Recombination analysis was performed by the jumping profile Hidden Markov Model (jpHMM). Finally, the origin time of this novel CRF was inferred using the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis in Beast v1.10.4., Results: The three NFLGs formed a distinct monophyletic cluster in the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Recombination analysis revealed that the recombinant genome was composed of five segments derived from CRF01&#95;AE, subtypes B, and C, but further confirmed to be a second-generation recombinant form of CRF01&#95;AE/CRF07&#95;BC by a comparison of genome maps and subregion phylogenetic analysis and, therefore, designated as CRF136&#95;0107. With Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, CRF136&#95;0107 was estimated to originate around 2010-2011., Conclusion: A novel HIV-1 CRF01&#95;AE/CRF07&#95;BC second-generation CRF called CRF136&#95;0107 was identified among MSM in Heilongjiang, a northeast province of China., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Probes such as carbon dots (C-dots) have extensive and important applications in the quantitative analysis of complex biological and environmental systems. However, the development of probes is often hindered by incomplete selectivity, i.e., a probe that responds to one substance is also prone to respond to coexisting structurally similar substances. Therefore, the above dilemma often leads to be developed as semi-selective probes, so that the development of probes is abandoned halfway. This work shows how a semi-selective probe can enhance selectivity by combining a proper multivariate calibration model. Primarily, we developed a semi-selective fluorescent probe that responded to tetracyclines (TCs) with discarded tobacco leaves. Then, we introduced the multivariate quantitative fluorescence model (QFM) to enhance its selectivity and solve the problem of fluorescence spectral shift. For the determination of chlortetracycline (CTC) with this semi-selective C-dots probe in mineral and lake water samples and compared to the traditional quantitative model, the introduced QFM resulted in an average relative predictive error (ARPE) in mineral water spiked samples decreased from 57.1 to 5.6%, which reduced the ARPE in the lake water spiked samples from 18.1 to 4.7%. The above results show that the QFM-assisted semi-selective probe C-dots strategy (QFM C-dots ) can enhance selectivity, and QFM C-dots achieved high-selective and accurate determination of CTC in interfering mineral and lake water samples, with the limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 0.55 and 1.66 μM, respectively. The proposed strategy of enhancing selectivity by introducing a proper multivariate calibration model can reduce the difficulty and increase success rate of developing probes, which can be expected to provide an interesting alternative for the development of probes, especially when encountering semi-selective problems.

Problem: Endometriosis patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment suffer from poor oocyte quality, a reduced likelihood of the fertilization rate, and low embryo quality. The dysregulation of immune cells and cytokine profiles in the follicular fluid (FF) may play an important role in the competence of the oocyte and the development of the embryo, but the mechanism remains largely unknown., Method of Study: A total of 40 proved advanced staged endometriosis patients were enrolled in this study. The pregnancy results were followed until all the embryos collected by the first oocyte retrieval cycle were used up. The immune cells subtypes in FF and serum collected on the day of oocyte retrieval were detected by flow cytometry and 27 cytokines were determined using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex Immunoassay. The specific effect of cytokine on the gene expression of human granulosa cells was determined by RT-qPCR., Results: The fertilization rate and the cumulative live birth rate were significantly lower in the endometriosis group. The ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + T cells in FF was significantly lower, while the level of IP-10, RANTES and G-CSF were statistically higher in the endometriosis group. The level of IP-10 correlated with the IVF outcome. Moreover, treated by IP-10, the mRNA level of FSHR and CYP19A1 the human granulosa cells were downregulated in vitro., Conclusion: These results suggest that alterations of the lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in women with advanced endometriosis may have an impact on the oocyte development and resulting in poorer IVF outcomes., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Pseudorabies (PR) (also called Aujeszky's disease, AD) is a serious infectious disease affecting pigs and other animals worldwide. The emergence of variant strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV) since 2011 has led to PR outbreaks in China and a vaccine that antigenically more closely matches these PRV variants could represent an added value to control these infections., Methods: The objective of this study was to develop new live attenuated and subunit vaccines against PRV variant strains. Genomic alterations of vaccine strains were based on the highly virulent SD-2017 mutant strain and gene-deleted strains SD-2017ΔgE/gI and SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK, which constructed using homologous recombination technology. PRV gB-DCpep (Dendritic cells targeting peptide) and PorB (the outer membrane pore proteins of N. meningitidis) proteins containing gp67 protein secretion signal peptide were expressed using the baculovirus system for the preparation of subunit vaccines. We used experimental animal rabbits to test immunogenicity to evaluate the effect of the newly constructed PR vaccines., Results: Compared with the PRV-gB subunit vaccine and SD-2017ΔgE/gI inactivated vaccines, rabbits (n = 10) that were intramuscularly vaccinated with SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine and PRV-gB + PorB subunit vaccine showed significantly higher anti-PRV-specific antibodies as well as neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ levels in serum. In addition, the SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine and PRV-gB + PorB subunit vaccine protected (90-100%) rabbits against homologous infection by the PRV variant strain. No obvious pathological damage was observed in these vaccinated rabbits., Conclusions: The SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine provided 100% protection against PRV variant challenge. Interestingly, the subunit vaccines with gB protein linked to DCpep and PorB protein as adjuvant may also be a promising and effective PRV variant vaccine candidate., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Since the switchable spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric materials endows it with many useful properties such as a large pyroelectric coefficient, switchable spontaneous polarization, and semiconductor, it has a wide range of application prospects, and the research of high-performance molecular ferroelectric materials has become a hot spot. We obtained a 0D organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric [(CH 3 ) 3 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ] 2 FeCl 4 ( 1 ) with well-defined ferroelectric domains and excellent domain inversion and exhibited a relatively large spontaneous polarization ( P s = 9 μC/m -2 ) and a Curie temperature ( T c ) of 394 K. Furthermore, compound 1 belongs to the non-centrosymmetrical space group Cmc 2 1 and has a strong second-harmonic generation signal. Interestingly, we also performed magnetic tests on 1 , which confirmed that it is a magnetic material. This work provides clues for exploring the application of high-performance molecular ferroelectric materials in future multifunctional smart devices.

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is related to genetic susceptibility, enteric dysbiosis, and uncontrolled, chronic inflammatory responses that lead to colonic tissue damage and impaired intestinal absorption. As a consequence, patients with IBD are prone to nutrition deficits after each episode of disease resurgence. Nutritional supplementation, especially for protein components, is often implemented during the remission phase of IBD. Notably, ingested nutrients could affect the progression of IBD and the prognostic outcome of patients; therefore, they should be cautiously evaluated prior to being used for IBD intervention. Arginine (Arg) is a semi-essential amino acid required for protein synthesis and intimately associated with gut pathophysiology. To help optimize arginine-based nutritional intervention strategies, the present work summarizes that during the process of IBD, patients manifest colonic Arg deficiency and the turbulence of Arg metabolic pathways. The roles of Arg-nitric oxide (catalyzed by inducible nitric oxide synthase) and Arg-urea (catalyzed by arginases) pathways in IBD are debatable; the Arg-polyamine and Arg-creatine pathways are mainly protective. Overall, supplementation with Arg is a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD; however, the dosage of Arg may need to be carefully tailored for different individuals at different disease stages. Additionally, the combination of Arg supplementation with inhibitors of Arg metabolic pathways as well as other treatment options is worthy of further exploration., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute.)

Aromatic amino acids play an extremely important role in life activities and participate in many biological processes. Their concentration levels are associated with a variety of diseases, such as phenylketonuria and colorectal cancer. Therefore, the quantification of aromatic amino acids is an important task. In the present work, a novel and rapid three-way analytical method was proposed to detect the levels of aromatic amino acids in prostate cancer cells (PC3 cells) and Dulbecco's modified minimal essential medium (DMEM cell culture), by using the affordable ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. First, spectrum-pH second-order data were designed per sample; Second, properties of the resulted spectrum-pH-sample three-way data were investigated by utilizing the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD), and constrained alternating trilinear decomposition (CATLD) algorithms, and a flexible scanning approach for determining the constraint parameters of CATLD was proposed; Third, a three-way calibration method based on the CATLD algorithm with the proposed scanning approach was developed for interference-free quantification of aromatic amino acids in these systems. The average relative predictive errors of validation (ARPEV) for phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were 1.4%, 3.0%, and 0.7% in prostate cancer cells, and ARPEV for phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were 4.1%, 1.2%, and 0.7% in DMEM cell culture. The predicted contents of tyrosine and tryptophan in DMEM cell culture were 64.2 ± 2.9 μg mL -1 , 5.6 ± 0.3 μg mL -1 , there are no significant differences in the concentrations between the developed analytical method and high performance liquid chromatography method. The proposed spectrum-pH-sample three-way calibration method based on CATLD algorithm can provide an interesting analytical strategy with high selectivity and accuracy for ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies and has become more prevalent in recent decades. The clinical manifestations and characteristics of EC in premenopausal and postmenopausal women differ and present with distinct pathological stages and subtypes of EC. Surgery remains the principal therapeutic approach, but the postoperative prognosis is largely affected by the pathological state., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 216 patients with EC who were hospitalized from August 2008 to August 2019 in Wuhan Union Hospital. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the pre- or postmenopausal occurrence of EC. The general clinical characteristics, intraoperative situation, clinicopathological data, and postoperative outcomes of the 2 groups were compared., Results: Patients with premenopausal EC had earlier menarche, a higher incidence of primary infertility and anemia, and fewer pregnancies and deliveries. Patients with postmenopausal EC were older and often had hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Additionally, patients who were postmenopausal had worse tumor pathological gradings, more severe muscular invasion, and a higher rate of lymphatic metastasis. These factors led to a higher demand for postoperative radiotherapy in patients but a lower survival rate., Conclusions: Generally, premenopausal EC differs from postmenopausal EC: the latter is more malignant and has a worse prognosis., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tcr-22-1616/coif). YLL received grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2021CFB589). FS received grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82200923). JYL received grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82104488). The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

One dimensional (1D) organic-inorganic halide hybrid perovskites have the advantages of excellent organic cation modifiability and diversity of inorganic framework structures, which cannot be ignored in the development of multi-functional phase-transition materials in photoelectric and photovoltaic devices. Here, we have successfully modified and synthesized an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite photoelectric multifunctional phase-transition material: [C 7 H 13 ONCH 2 F]⋅PbBr 3 (1). The synergistic effect of the order double disorder transition of organic cations and the change of the degree of distortion of the inorganic framework leads to its high temperature reversible phase-transition point of T c =374 K/346 K and its ultra-low loss high-quality dielectric switch response. Through in-depth research and calculation, compound 1 also has excellent semiconductor characteristics with a band gap of 3.06 eV and the photoluminescence characteristics of self-trapped exciton (STE) broadband emission. Undoubtedly, this modification strategy provides a new choice for the research field of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite reversible phase-transition photoelectric multifunctional materials with rich coupling properties., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)