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Objective·To evaluate the dentofacial phenotype in non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) patients with paired box gene 9 (PAX9) mutation.Methods·Patients with NSTA who visited the Department of Second Dental Center of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, between January 2016 and December 2023 received whole-exome sequencing to screen PAX9 mutation. The location and number of missing teeth were evaluated by oral pantomography, and dentofacial deformities were evaluated by X-ray cephalometrics.Results·Seven patients with PAX9 mutation were included in the study, including 3 males (42.9%) and 4 females (57.1%). The patients were 7‒31 years old at first visit, with a mean age of (19.7±8.0) years old. All the 7 patients were PAX9 heterozygotes, of which 4 were missense and 3 were frameshift. The average number of missing teeth was 15.9±2.9. The number of missing teeth in maxilla (9.6±2.6) was slightly higher than that in mandible (6.3±2.4) (P=0.030). Maxillary second molar (100.0%), maxillary canine (85.7%) and mandibular second premolar (85.7%) were the three most common missing teeth, while mandibular lateral incisor (14.3%) and mandibular canine (14.3%) were the two least missing teeth. Patients with frameshift mutation had more missing teeth (18.3±2.1) than those with missense mutation (14.0±1.8) (P=0.032). X-ray cephalometrics analysis results showed that the angle sella-nasion-subspinale (SNA), angle nasion-subspinale-subspinale-porion (NA-Apo) and sella-nasion (S-N) in adult patients with PAX9 mutation were significantly lower than the normal reference values, suggesting a shorter anterior cranial base and maxillary length. The frankfort horizontal plane-nasion-porion (FH-NPo) was higher than the reference value, and the Y-axis was lower than the reference value, indicating a more prognathic mandible. The angle subspinale-nasion-supramental (ANB) was lower than the reference value, indicating a skeletal angle Ⅲ malocclusion. The angle upper central incisor-nasion-subspinale (angle U1-NA) was higher than the reference value, indicating a lip inclination of maxillary central incisor. The angle lower central incisor-mandibular plane (IMPA) and lower central incisor-nasion-supramental (L1-NB) were lower than the reference values, indicating a retroclination of the mandibular central incisor, and crossbite in the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth.Conclusion·The dentofacial phenotype of PAX9-mutated patients with NSTA is reported comprehensively. It is helpful to improve the understanding of the role of PAX9 in human maxillofacial development.

Objective·To explore EDAR (ectodysplasin A receptor) gene variants that lead to congenital tooth agenesis, and preliminarily analyze the reasons why variants in EDAR can cause both syndromic and non-syndromic tooth agenesis.Methods·Patients with congenital tooth agenesis admitted to the Department of 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and their family members were included, and genomic DNA from their peripheral blood was extracted for whole exome sequencing (WES). After preliminary screening, PolyPhen-2, Mutation Taster, and Provean were used to predict the harmfulness of potential variants. The screened variants in patients and their families were verified by Sanger sequencing. Conservation analysis of variants was performed, and Swiss-Model was used to analyze the changes in the three-dimensional structure of EDAR. The teeth and syndromic phenotype of the patients and their family members were investigated.Results·Among the included congenital tooth agenesis patients, five patients with EDAR mutations were found, one with EDAR frameshift mutation c.368_369insC(p.L123fs) and the other four with EDAR missense mutations. Two of these four patients were diagnosed as non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA), resulted from c.77C>A(p.A26E) homozygous mutation and c.380C>T(p.P127L) heterozygous mutation, respectively. The other two patients with two variants were diagnosed as hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). One compound heterozygous missense mutation patient carried EDAR c.77C>T(p.A26V) from her father and EDAR c.1281G>C (p.L427F) from her mother; the other patient with both EDAR and EDA mutations carried EDAR c.1138A>C(p.S380R) heterozygous mutation and EDA c.1013C>T(p.T338M) hemizygous mutation. Both variants were from his mother and were reported to be related with NSTA. Two of these missense mutations, EDAR c.1281G>C(p.L427F) and EDAR c.77C>A (p.A26E), had not been reported before. The missense mutations affected the protein's spatial conformation by altering the polarity, charge, or volume of the amino acid residues. The frameshift mutation caused a non-triplet base addition, which probably led to protein truncation or degradation.Conclusion·Two new EDAR missense mutations are discovered. An NSTA patients with EDAR homozygous mutations and an HED patient with both EDA and EDAR mutations are reported. It expands the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of EDAR mutations causing HED and NSTA.

Highly homogeneous magnetic fields in magnetic resonance spectrometers are an important guarantee for improving the quality of spectra for chemical structure analysis and kinetic information. The active shimming process using a shimming power supply to drive a shimming coil to produce a compensating electromagnetic field is an essential way to improve the homogeneity of the magnetic field. The high accuracy and stability of the shimming power supply’s output are crucial indicators for improving the active shimming capability and maintaining the shimming results. The paper develops a high-precision, high-stability, low-ripple active shimming power supply system for magnetic resonance spectrometers, and designs a shimming current driver (constant current source) with output state monitoring based on negative feedback control, coupled with an MCU control platform and host computer system to complete the closed-loop transmission of control commands and data between hardware and software, to achieve digital constant current output control. Under R=2.84 Ω, L=25.5 µH shimming coil load, the full-scale output response time is less than 18.9 µs, the output ripple peak-to-peak control is 30 mV, the positive and negative current output symmetry is good, and the maximum output deviation is 4.8‰ for long time operation. This power supply was used in a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer system using 0.5 T-Halbach configuration magnets, and the magnetic field homogeneity was optimised from 24.48 ppm (10-6) to 2.72 ppm by driving a first-order shimming coil. This work contributes to the integration of compact nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer systems and the applications related to active shimming.

Objective: To discover the material substances of the numbing characteristics in Polygonatum Rhizoma. Methods: Polygonati Rhizoma from eight regions were processed by the "nine-steam-nine-bask" method, and its content changes of saponin, polyphenol and calcium oxalate crystal at different steaming times were determined. The degree change of numbing was determined by the cell hemolysis test and sensory properties, and a correlation analysis of numbing was conducted. Results: With the increase of steaming times, the contents of polyphenol and saponin in Polygonati Rhizoma from different regions were initially increased and then decreased, while the content of calcium oxalate crystal and hemolysis rate and the sensory score of numbing decreased gradually. The correlation analysis results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation (P＜0.05) or a highly significant positive correlation (P＜0.01) between the content of calcium oxalate crystal and the numbing degree. SEM results showed that the structure of calcium oxalate crystal was gradually destroyed after steaming, which coincided with the change of numbing. Conclusion: This research proves that calcium oxalate crystal may be the key substance for the numbing in Polygonatum Rhizoma, which can provide a scientific basis for the study of the numbing elimination technology of Polygonatum Rhizoma.

ObjectiveWhite matter hyperintensity (WMH) in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is strongly associated with cognitive impairment. However, the severity of WMH does not coincide fully with cognitive impairment. This study aims to explore the differences in the dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) of WMH with cognitively matched and mismatched patients, to better understand the underlying mechanisms from a quantitative perspective.MethodsThe resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and cognitive function scale assessment of the patients were acquired. Preprocessing of the rs-fMRI data was performed, and this was followed by dFNC analysis to obtain the dFNC metrics. Compared the dFNC and dFNC metrics within different states between mismatch and match group, we analyzed the correlation between dFNC metrics and cognitive function. Finally, to analyze the reasons for the differences between the mismatch and match groups, the CSVD imaging features of each patient were quantified with the assistance of the uAI Discover system.ResultsThe 149 CSVD patients included 20 cases of “Type I mismatch,” 51 cases of Type I match, 38 cases of “Type II mismatch,” and 40 cases of “Type II match.” Using dFNC analysis, we found that the fraction time (FT) and mean dwell time (MDT) of State 2 differed significantly between “Type I match” and “Type I mismatch”; the FT of States 1 and 4 differed significantly between “Type II match” and “Type II mismatch.” Correlation analysis revealed that dFNC metrics in CSVD patients correlated with executive function and information processing speed among the various cognitive functions. Through quantitative analysis, we found that the number of perivascular spaces and bilateral medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) scores differed significantly between “Type I match” and “Type I mismatch,” while the left MTA score differed between “Type II match” and “Type II mismatch.”ConclusionDifferent mechanisms were implicated in these two types of mismatch: Type I affected higher-order networks, and may be related to the number of perivascular spaces and brain atrophy, whereas Type II affected the primary networks, and may be related to brain atrophy and the years of education.

The aim of the study was to explore the therapeutic effect of ultrasound targeted destruction of schisandrin A contrast microbubbles on liver cancer and its related mechanism.

To evaluate the extent of agreement between two blood collection methods for electrolytes, central venous blood sampling by the push-pull technique versus venipuncture, and to mitigate errors in blood sampling by a potassium-based quality control procedure.

The conflict between ecological protection and town development is particularly pronounced in mountainous towns with fragile ecological environments and constrained construction conditions. Cross-scale Green Infrastructure (GI) is characterized by a balance between ecological protection and human needs. The establishment of a county-level GI network can provide a shared basic framework for the development and biological conservation of mountainous towns. The Wanzhou District of Chongqing has the typical characteristics of a southwestern mountain town with ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and reduced disturbance resistance. This study was based on the biological flow process, guided by geometric morphology, circuit, and graph theory, and it followed the logic of "hubs, links, and pinch points". First, the morphological spatial pattern analysis method was applied to identify the GI network hubs, and their importance was classified according to the current-flow betweenness centrality index. Next, an ecological resistance surface was established based on multi-source data, and the minimum cumulative resistance model was applied to identify the links. It also calculated their importance and ranked them based on the average resistance, path length, and average value of the connected hubs. Subsequently, the current-flow density distribution was analyzed, and ecological pinch points were extracted in conjunction with the links. According to the results, the GI network of Wanzhou District contains 42 hubs with an area of 996.35 km2, accounting for 28.83% of the total study area. The hubs were generally dense in the east and sparse in the west, forming a pattern of "one screen, three belts, and scattered distribution." Among them, the GI network hubs formed by the Fangdou-Qiyao Mountain group and the Yangtze River and its coastal green areas are of the greatest importance, followed by the Tiefeng Mountain, Dengfeng Reservoir, and the central-eastern forest areas, whereas the small patches scattered in the central southwest-northeast oriented valleys are of the least importance. Additionally, 80 links were identified with a total length of 292.97 km, with long paths and low importance in the eastern region and short paths and high importance in the western region. Furthermore, 142 ecological pinch points were extracted, accounting for 9.60% of the corridor length dominated by land-use types of farmlands (55.89%) and woodlands (35.71%); pinch points were mainly concentrated in the east, which is the key area in guaranteeing the ecological stability of the county GI network. Finally, this study proposes zoning, grading, and precise protection and restoration strategies based on the relative importance of hubs and links and the land-use types of ecological pinch-point areas. These strategies provide a scientific basis for decision-making to coordinate the conservation and development needs of mountain towns.

Abstract Multiferroic materials offer a promising avenue for manipulating digital information by leveraging the cross-coupling between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders. Despite the ferroelectricity has been uncovered by ion displacement or interlayer-sliding, one-unit-cell of multiferroic materials design and wafer-scale synthesis have yet to be realized. Here we develope an interface modulated strategy to grow 1-inch one-unit-cell of non-layered chromium sulfide with unidirectional orientation on industry-compatible c-plane sapphire. The interfacial interaction between chromium sulfide and substrate induces the intralayer-sliding of self-intercalated chromium atoms and breaks the space reversal symmetry. As a result, robust room-temperature ferroelectricity (retaining more than one month) emerges in one-unit-cell of chromium sulfide with ultrahigh remanent polarization. Besides, long-range ferromagnetic order is discovered with the Curie temperature approaching 200 K, almost two times higher than that of bulk counterpart. In parallel, the magnetoelectric coupling is certified and which makes 1-inch one-unit-cell of chromium sulfide the largest and thinnest multiferroics.

MicroRNAs have been studied extensively in neurodegenerative diseases. In a previous study, miR-153 promoted neural differentiation and projection formation in mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells. However, the pathways and molecular mechanism underlying miR-153-induced neural differentiation remain unclear. To explore the molecular mechanism of miR-153 on neural differentiation, we performed RNA sequencing on miR-153-overexpressed HT-22 cells. Based on RNA sequencing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways in miR-153-overexpressed cells were identified. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were used to perform functional annotation and enrichment analysis of DEGs. Targetscan predicted the targets of miR-153. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Cytoscape, were used to construct protein-protein interaction networks and identify hub genes. Q-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of the identified genes. The expression profiles of the identified genes were compared between embryonic days 9.5 (E9.5) and E11.5 in the embryotic mouse brain of the GDS3442 dataset. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to determine cell proliferation and cellular susceptibility to amyloid β-protein (Aβ) toxicity in miR-153-overexpressed cells. The results indicated that miR-153 increased cell adhesion/Ca2+ (Cdh5, Nrcam, and P2rx4) and Bdnf/Ntrk2 neurotrophic signaling pathway, and decreased ion channel activity (Kcnc3, Kcna4, Clcn5, and Scn5a). The changes in the expression of the identified genes in miR-153-overexpressed cells were consistent with the expression profile of GDS3442 during neural differentiation. In addition, miR-153 overexpression decreased cellular susceptibility to Aβ toxicity in HT-22 cells. In conclusion, miR-153 overexpression may promote neural differentiation by inducing cell adhesion and the Bdnf/Ntrk2 pathway, and regulating electrophysiological maturity by targeting ion channels. MiR-153 may play an important role in neural differentiation; the findings provide a useful therapeutic direction for neurodegenerative diseases.

Monoclonal antibody drugs that inhibit programmed death 1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been widely used in esophageal cancer (EC) and yielded significant therapeutic responses. However, only a few patients obtain lasting clinical benefits due to primary or acquired drug resistance, and new treatment schemes are urgently needed. The tumor immune microenvironment is the main factor that affects patients' response to immunosuppressive agents. This article will discuss the role of immunosuppressive cells and non-cellular components in the immune process to provide ideas for the next research direction of EC.

Recent theory suggests that both the orienting response and arousal inhibition play roles in the effect of the concealed information test (CIT). However, the neural signatures associated with these two processes remain unclear. To address this issue, participants were motivated to either conceal or reveal crime-related stimulus during CIT while EEG was recorded. By using a temporal principal component analysis, we found that crime-related stimuli produced a larger early P3 than crime-irrelevant stimuli in both the conceal condition and reveal condition. This result suggests that this early P3 reflects an orienting response. In addition, we found that crime-related stimuli elicited a larger frontal negative slow wave than crime-irrelevant stimuli in the conceal condition but not the reveal condition, which suggests that the frontal negative slow wave reflects the arousal inhibition process. These results provide crucial evidence for understanding the neural basis underlying CIT.

Objective: Reasonable planning of the stacking of goods in the mobile cold storage and reasonable design of the air supply power of the fan, to reduce cold storage energy consumption and improve economic efficiency. Methods: A three-dimensional physical model and k-ε mathematical model of a certain cold storage were established, and the temperature field inside the cold storage under different stacking methods of goods and different air supply power were simulated using Fluent software. Results: The research results showed that under the same working conditions, the average storage temperature of goods horizontally was 2.014 ℃, and the average storage temperature of goods vertically was 2.006 ℃, all meet the design requirements. The goods can be stacked horizontally to accommodate 162 and vertically to accommodate 180. Vertical stacking maximizes space utilization. At different airflow powers, after running for 15 minutes, the average cold storage temperature was 2.006 ℃ at 100% power; The average cold storage temperature was 2.129 ℃ at 70% power; The average cold storage temperature was 2.410 ℃ at 50% power. The cold storage temperature met the design requirements for all three different fan power scenarios. The actual selected power was too high, and 50% power was sufficient to meet the design requirements for full-load operation of the cold storage. Conclusion: Choosing the vertical stacking method can improve the space utilization rate of cold storage. According to the simulation results, the selection of cooler type can reduce the energy consumption, reduce the operating cost and improve the economic benefit.

In this paper, firstly, according to the requirements of static monitoring of bolt tightening quality, the bolt tightening process can be divided into four stages: snug, elastic deformation, yielding and plastic deformation, and the SLAM technology is applied to bolt monitoring modeling and building engineering modeling. Next, the pre-tightening force for the bolt is measured using the waveform expansion method, and the bolt tightening index can be determined. Then, all the collected bolt data are randomly combined into two categories of loosening and tightening to form a training data set, and the improved intelligent data algorithm is used to train and predict them. The results show a linear correlation between tightening degree x |τɛ| and preload force change ΔF under 0.31kN and 0.22kN loading gradients, and the linear correlation coefficient of the fitted curve is greater than 0.9215. The results of the data analysis verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

This paper firstly takes the demand of older people for indoor space environment as a breakthrough and analyzes the characteristics of the elderly group, the spatial environment demand generated by the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly and the application of computer simulation in the design of aging-friendly indoor space. Secondly, we use a color space algorithm and feature extraction algorithm to construct an aging-friendly design model based on a human-computer interaction algorithm. Finally, several elderly individuals’ preferences are examined and analyzed. The results show that more older adults request the design of three aspects, namely anti-slip measures, intelligent door lock and handrail, in the space design, accounting for 86%, 83% and 87%, respectively. These data were used to generate the final interface form suitable for most older adults.

Temperature drift is an important factor affecting the measurement accuracy of desktop NMR spectrometers, and adding a field-locking coil to the probe to achieve field-frequency interlocking is a common means of suppressing temperature drift. In this paper, a dual-channel miniaturised RF probe with an external field-locking channel is designed based on a laboratory compact Halbach magnet. The coil diameter, height, number of turns, turn spacing and enamelled wire radius were optimized based on the solenoid structure. The optimum solenoid size was obtained with an enameled wire radius of 0.4 mm, a coil diameter and height of 8.2 mm, a turn spacing of 1.6 mm and a number of turns of 5. Based on the simulation results, the detection and field-locking coils were fabricated, and tested in conjunction with the peripheral circuitry. The results show that the crosstalk between the two coils is low, the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection channel is above 50 and the signal-to-noise ratio of the locking channel is above 20. Final field locking experiments were performed and the frequency drift of the overall system after equipping the locking field was approximately 0.2 ppm/h (1 ppm=10-6), verifying that this probe design can be applied in compact Halbach magnet-based NMR analysis facilities.

The main goals of rice breeding nowadays include increasing yield, improving grain quality, and promoting complete mechanized production to save labor costs. Rice grain shape, specified by three dimensions, including grain length, width and thickness, has a more precise meaning than grain size, contributing to grain appearance quality as well as grain weight and thus yield. Furthermore, the divergence of grain shape characters could be utilized in mechanical seed sorting in hybrid rice breeding systems, which has been succeeded in utilizing heterosis to achieve substantial increase in rice yield in the past decades. Several signaling pathways that regulate rice grain shape have been elucidated, including G protein signaling, ubiquitination-related pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, microRNA process, and some other transcriptional regulatory pathways and regulators. This review summarized the recent progress on molecular mechanisms underlying rice grain shape determination and the potential of major genes in future breeding applications.

A systematic solution for millisecond-level power control in photovoltaic (PV) power stations is proposed to enable the new energy power output to rapid response to the balance of active and reactive power demands in the system. Firstly, utilizing the fast power exchange capability of the PV inverter, real-time voltage and current are collected at the grid connection point of the PV power station, and the frequency and voltage changes are monitored to calculate the active power output of the PV power station based on primary frequency regulation parameters. Based on this, the PV inverters are controlled in a group via a high-speed interconnection communication network to achieve primary frequency regulation capability. In terms of reactive power control, an intelligent multi-state sequence discrimination algorithm is employed to calculate the impedance of the grid connection point of the PV power station to the power system in real time. Based on the voltage fluctuation at the grid connection point, the PV inverters are controlled in a group to achieve dynamic reactive power response, thereby achieving rapid power control of the PV power station. The proposed control system has been piloted at the Jinhu PV power station in Huai′an, and the on-site test data shows that the control system can achieve a primary frequency regulation response time of less than 0.15 s and a dynamic reactive power response time of less than 30 ms, thereby verifying the effectiveness and feasibility of the control system.

To investigate the effects of time-harmonic current introduced by inverter on loss characteristics of fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent magnet synchronous machine (FSCW-PMSM), a method is proposed to analyze the harmonic characteristics of losses of the machine in inverter and FSCW-PMSM combined system. Firstly, the time- and space-harmonic characteristics of losses considering time-harmonic current are theoretically analyzed. Then, a 10-pole and 12-slot PMSM with three-phase double-layer winding is taken as an example. The field-circuit co-simulation model of the prototype and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter is established, the harmonic characteristics of losses are calculated under constant torque and constant power speed control, and the causes of each harmonic loss are revealed. The results show that rotor harmonic losses are caused by fundamental current with sub-harmonic, iZ±p slot harmonics, and (fc±4f)/f, (fc±2f)/f time-harmonic current with p, Z±p space harmonics. Stator core harmonic losses are caused by fundamental magnetic field, magnet harmonic excitation magnetic field and (fc±4f)/f, (fc±2f)/f time-harmonic current. The conclusions can be applied to the FSCW-PMSMs with other pole-slot combinations. Finally, the proposed method is validated by experiment results.

Semantic predictability is one of the important factors that influence word processing and recognition. Based on the SPaM paradigm (Self-paced reading + Masked priming), the present study explores the influence of semantic predictability on TL effects in Chinese and English. The findings show that in both languages, internal and final transpositions produce priming effect in low-predictability preceding and following contexts as well as in high-predictability following contexts. From the perspective of priming magnitude, internal transposition produces greater priming effect than final transposition in English, while in Chinese, final transposition produces greater priming effect than internal transposition. In high-predictability preceding contexts, internal and final transpositions reveal significant priming effect and initial transposition produces close-to-significant-level priming effect in English, while in Chinese, no significant priming effect is observed in initial, internal or final transpositions.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of comprehensive intervention on the incidence of lactation galactostasis in communities from the perspective of preventive medicine， so as to prevent the occurrence of the mammary ducts obstruction disease.MethodsA total of 400 women in the early stage of pregnancy were selected from four communities. Those in two communities were set up as the intervention group. Comprehensive intervention for the prevention and treatment of mammary ducts obstruction disease during pregnancy and "Six-step recanalization manual therapy" practical guidance were conducted on the intervention group. The pregnant women from the other two communities were the control group， who received no intervention or guidance training. The two groups were followed up at 1 month， 3 months and 5 months postpartum， and the occurrence of mammary ducts obstruction disease was investigated and interventions were carried out.ResultsThe incidence of galactostasis in the intervention group was 26.0%， 10.6% and 5.1%， respectively at 1， 3 and 5 months after delivery， and the incidence of galactostasis in the control group was 38.0%， 22.2% and 8.3%， respectively. The incidence of galactostasis at 1 month and 3 months after delivery was statistically different （P0.05）. The protection rates of comprehensive intervention on galactostasis were 31.58%， 52.25% and 38.55%， respectively.ConclusionPublicity and education work of prevention and control of the mammary ducts obstruction disease and "Six-step recanalization manual therapy" practical guidance can effectively reduce the occurrence of plugged mammary ducts， and therefore should be promoted.

Alzheimer disease （AD） is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that often occurs in the elderly. The main symptoms of AD patients are cognitive decline， especially memory deficits， communication problems， impaired performance of activities of daily living， and other behavioral and psychological abnormalities. AD is generally divided into familial AD and sporadic AD. The signature features of AD are the presence of amyloid-beta proteins in extracellular plaques. Senile plaques formed by accumulation of Aβ insoluble fragments and intracellular accumulation of highly phosphorylated tau are neurofibrillary tangles. There is a lot of scientific evidence to confirm that the development of the two signature features of AD may be related to naturally occurring microbes in the human body. This paper reviews the mechanism of intestinal， oral and fungal microbiota involved in the development and progression of AD.

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway can be initiated by PROK1 (prokineticin 1), but its effect and mechanism of action in pancreatic carcinoma (PC) are not fully understood. In this study, we elucidated the roles of PROK1 and its related molecules in PC in vivo. PANC-1 cells with PROK1 knockdown were injected into BALB/c nude mice. The growth and weight of the tumor were monitored and measured, which was followed by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling), immunohistochemical staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The key proteins related to proliferation, apoptosis, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were determined by Western blotting. We also used public databases to identify the molecules related to PROK1. The reduction of PROK1 inhibited angiopoiesis and promoted apoptosis in vivo. PCNA-1, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 decreased considerably, while Bax and cleaved caspase-3 increased significantly after PROK1 inhibition. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal inhibition was also closely associated with PROK1 knockdown. The possible related molecules of PROK1, such as von Willebrand factor, were screened and considered to be involved in the aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT. In conclusion, PROK1 knockdown significantly prevented tumor growth and promoted apoptosis of human PC cells in vivo, where the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was probably inhibited. Therefore, PROK1, along with its related molecules, might be important targets for PC therapy.

ObjectiveThis study analysed blood donation deferral trends, reasons and demographic/lifestyle characteristics among students in Huzhou City. The aim was to understand the health status of students and reduce the deferral rate.MethodsData on blood donation deferral among students in Huzhou City from 2018 to 2022 were collected and analysed. Deferral trends and main reasons were investigated. Using demographic and lifestyle data from 2,619 cases in 2022, a risk prediction model for deferral was constructed.ResultsThe deferral rate among students in Huzhou City from 2018 to 2022 was 12.60% (p = 0.000, 95%CI: 12.14–13.06%), showing a significant increasing trend. Temporary deferral was the main reason, with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood pressure (BP) and haemoglobin (Hb) as the main deferral factors. ALT had a deferral rate of 5.23% (4.92–5.53%), BP 3.30% (3.06–3.55%), and Hb 2.92% (2.68–3.15%). Demographic and lifestyle characteristics in 2022 showed no significant differences between education level, household registration and deferral rate (p > 0.05). However, age, sex, blood donation history, sleep quality, diet and mental state had variable effects on ALT, BP, and Hb deferrals (p

Compared with traditional radio frequency communication, visible light has rich spectrum resources and high security. The multi-channel visible light communication system designed in this paper is divided into transmitter and receiver. Based on Verilog HDL language, the channel distribution module, transparent framing module, channel code block segmentation module at the transmitter, transparent framing module and channel merging module at the receiver are designed in detail, and a multi-channel visible light communication system that supports 16 channels of data at the same time is realized. In order to meet the demand of the high-speed communication of the system, the transmitter / receiver circuit of visible light communication is designed and optimized, and the pre emphasis circuit is used at the transmitter to effectively compensate the channel loss. In the receiver, a T-shaped amplification circuit composed of resistance and capacitance is used to compensate the attenuated signal. Finally, the test is carried out on the experimental platform. The results show that the transmission error rate of the multi-channel visible light communication system designed in this paper is not greater than 10-9, and the single channel transmission rate is not less than 30 Mb/s. This research is conducive to improving the reliability and high speed of the visible light communication system.

With the increasing demand for energy storage with large capacity and high power density， liquid-cooling energy storage has become the development trend of the industry. Featuring large capacity， large number of electrodes， and high system voltage， the liquid-cooling battery module makes higher demands on the battery management system in terms of battery data acquisition， system control management， and system operation and maintenance functions. This paper presents a battery management system based on a liquid-cooling integrated energy storage system. It introduces the communication architecture of the system and the design of management units at all levels and expounds the functional configuration of each unit. Four passive equalization schemes in the market are compared concerning their limitations. A passive equalization circuit is developed based on the external MOS to realize the equalization control and reduce the manual power supply. The proposed scheme has been applied to practical engineering. A complete data curve of the charging and discharging cycle has been obtained to verify the practicability of the system.

As a new generation of genetically engineered antibodies, recombinant antibodies are widely used in immunodetection of food hazards due to their simple structure as well as easy expression and modification. However, due to the non-directionality and imprecision of recombinant antibody preparation technology, the affinity of recombinant antibodies is low, which affects their practical application. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to improve the affinity of recombinant antibodies. This article summarizes the preparation technologies for recombinant antibodies against food hazards, describes the affinity enhancement strategies for recombinant antibodies such as mutation and evolution of recombinant antibodies, screening of mutation library, preparation of conventional multivalent antibodies, and self-assembly of antibody fusion proteins, and finally discusses the technical bottlenecks and future development directions in this field.

Nowadays, it is in an important stage of the development and construction of the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) network, and the problems such as large bandwidth demand, high cost of optical modules and difficulty in laying in the construction of fronthaul networks need to be solved urgently. Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP) packages are known to have four channels, while traditional QSFP28 50 Gbit/s optical module designs use only two of them. In this study, a Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) package smaller than the QSFP package is used to make a 50 Gbit/s optical module, which reduced the bottom area by 40.5%, the volume by 52.2%, the power consumption by 42.1%, and the cost of transmitting the same distance optical module by 73.4%. 4 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM4) technology enables 25 Gbit/s optical devices to transmit signals at 50 Gbit/s, doubling the single wavelength rate. Through the comparative test, the room temperature Transmitter Dispersion Eye Closure Quaternary (TDECQ) is reduced by 20.5%, the sensitivity is increased by 0.6 dB, and the remaining parameters meet the relevant requirements of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3cd 50 GE Ethernet, which can stably transmit distance of 40 km.

With the development of petrochemical industry, the deep exploitation of domestic petroleum and the continuous increase of oil input from the Middle East, the sulfur content in raw materials is gradually increased. The corrosion of hydrogen sulfide on welded joints can lead to the failure of the whole component, bringing great threat to production safety. Researchers at home and abroad have paid great attention to the stress corrosion of high-strength low-alloy(HSLA) steel welded joints caused by hydrogen sulfide. In this paper, the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking of HSLA steel welded joints in service in a wet hydrogen sulfide environment was briefly described, and the factors that influencing stress corrosion of welded joints were discussed. Furthermore, different experimental methods for exploring stress corrosion were summarized and the stress corrosion was compared with that of carbon steel.

With continuous evolution of semiconductor process technologies and IC (Integrated Chip) scales, more and more complex functions are integrated. Multi-core multi-thread CPU (Central Processing Unit), multi-dimension NoC (Network on Chip), high speed interfaces, kinds of peripherals and so on IP (Intellectual Property) are integrated into SoC (System on Chip). As a result, verification scenarios during IC development become extremely complicated, which leads to great challenges to the SoC development and corresponding verification completeness. Currently PSS (Portable Test Stimulus Standard) has been introduced along with the UVM (Universal Verification Methodology) for generating extensive randomized stimulus with more complicated scenarios.

This paper uses Lagrangian differential equations to study the effect of road roughness on the average speed of outdoor trail running. The purpose is to analyze the dynamic model of off-road sports. In this paper, the longitudinal and cross-sectional data of the road are collected and pre-processed, mainly on gravel pavement. Then this paper proposes an approximate formula for the relationship between running speed and road surface roughness. Furthermore, this paper uses the Lagrangian differential equation to solve the road non-uniformity and running speed. Finally, this paper presents an off-road speed prediction method on random uneven road conditions. Finally, the simulation experiments demonstrate that the model based on the Lagrangian differential equation can comprehensively reflect various factors affecting the average outdoor off-road speed. The power spectral density of each sampling point of the model, load input, etc., are all meaningful. This model meets the needs of simulation experiments.

As crucial equipment for multi-voltage DC interconnection， high-capacity high-voltage DC/DC converters can be used for voltage conversion and DC fault isolation. The DC/DC autotransformer capable of blocking DC faults and reducing their reliance on DC circuit breakers can significantly reduce construction costs. To this end， a DC/DC autotransformer topology with half-bridge modular multilevel converters （HB-MMCs） connected in series is proposed. The fault response after a DC bipolar short-circuit fault on each side of the DC/DC autotransformer is analyzed under two operating conditions： forward power feeding and reverse power feeding. A corresponding fault isolation strategy is proposed. Simulations are performed on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform for the bipolar short-circuit faults under different operating conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed autotransformer can block DC faults in two directions. In contrast to other types of DC/DC autotransformers， the proposed autotransformer is economical.

In this article, we prove the existence of smooth approximations of twisted Kähler-Einstein metrics using the variational method.

The growing utilization of metformin (MET) in diabetes treatment has resulted in its occurrence in wastewater treatment plants, where conventional techniques were proved inadequate in eliminating it. The present study evaluated the potential of UV/sulfite system in degrading MET and analyzed the influence of common factors (i.e UV intensity, dosage of reagent, the pH value of reaction solution) on the target contaminant removal. In comparison with both direct UV photolysis and merely sulfite reduction, the UV/sulfite process had a remarkable enhancement in MET removal, with 96.54% of MET (initial concentration of 15 mg/L) being degraded within 30 minutes. A strong linear relationship (R2 > 0.99) was observed between MET degradation kinetics and UV intensity. The increase of sulfite dosage and solution pH could promote MET degradation to a certain extent in the studied system. Additionally, the hydrated electron (eaq-) was found played the principle role in MET removal through scavenging reactions.

With the continuous emergence of emerging technologies, new application technologies gradually have changed the trend of life and society as well as work, in this context, emerging professions are also constantly being declared by colleges and universities, in recent years, especially hot smart manufacturing and artificial intelligence is under this trend of continuous development and growth, many colleges and universities are actively declared, more and more colleges and universities of the deployment of such professions, the traditional professions have a tendency to weaken in the In this context, how to deepen the engineering education reform of electronic information, relying on the changes brought about by the new profession to improve themselves, build the new development trend of the application of specialized top talents training system, to promote the traditional professions in the transformation of education reform to create a first-class, we must see the heritage of the traditional professions, to play to their own strengths in combination with the new technology and new systems, the integration of new professions of the excellent experience, the establishment of the application of the specialized top talents training system can continue to be the best. Specialized top talents training system can continue to serve the regional economic development and industrial upgrading of talent needs.

针对多模态医学图像融合方法融合质量差、计算效率低等问题。提出了一种基于联合双边滤波(JBF)与多阶局部区域能量(MLNE)的图像融合方法。该方法将输入图像分解成能量层和结构层, 对于能量层与结构层的融合分别提出了基于MLNE和局部区域L2范数取大值的融合方案, 融合能量层和结构层相加获得融合图像。1组不同模态的医学图像融合实验结果证明, 文中提出的方法在融合性能、计算效率、视觉评价等方面都优于其他的对比方法。

The long noncoding RNA DARS-AS1 was aberrantly expressed and participated in several human cancer progressions, whereas whether DARS-AS1 is involved in human gastric cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of DARS-AS1 on gastric cancer progression and explore the potential regulatory network of DARS-AS1/miR-330-3p/NAT10. The expression levels of DARS-AS1, miR-330-3p, and NAT10 were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were used to determine the cell viability, migration, and invasion capacities, respectively. The target association between miR-330-3p and DARS-AS1 or NAT10 was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. In result, DARS-AS1 levels were elevated in tumor tissues and associated with shorter overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. Knockdown of DARS-AS1 could hamper cell viability, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer cells. DARS-AS1 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA to regulate the NAT10 expression by sponging miR-330-3p in gastric cancer cells. In conclusion, DARS-AS1 was elevated in gastric cancer, and DARS-AS1/miR-330-3p/NAT10 signaling offered some new horizons for predicting prognosis and a novel therapeutic method for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Wireless power transfer （WPT） has become a hot issue in the electric vehicle industry. However， the misalignment between the primary and secondary coils of the WPT magnetic coupler may decrease its efficiency. Therefore， this paper presents a WPT magnetic coupler with a movable intermediate coil to improve the anti-misalignment capacity of the system. First， the effect of the relay coil compensation capacitor on the efficiency of the magnetic coupler is analyzed， and the relay coil compensation capacitance at the maximum efficiency is decided. Then， the efficiency of the magnetic coupler under various misalignments of the secondary coil and relay coil is simulated and analyzed to conclude the optimal compensation parameter and the most favorable location of the relay coil. Finally， the proposed magnetic coupler and relay coil position control strategy is experimentally verified through a 3-kW prototype. The results show that with the optimal relay coil position， the efficiency of the magnetic coupler decreases by 1.8% when the horizontal misalignment of the secondary coil reaches up to 43% of the coil’s outer diameter （300 mm）.

A major drainage systemwhich uses urban roadways as flood passages during extreme storm events has been proven to be effective and low-cost. However, to date, the amount of flow diverted at a bifurcating road crossing still could not be accurately assessed. Previous studies mainly focused on diversion flat bottom channels with no turning radius. Results from these studies are not applicable to the road crossing due to the significant discrepancies between the two flow fields. In this study, the flow distribution pattern at a roadway crossing with a T-shape was studied experimentally and numerically. The three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was constructed using FLUENT. The numerical model was validated using the experimental results and showed satisfying agreements. Results of the 2k factorial design experiments show that the flow distribution ratio is sensitive to turning radius, longitude slope, flowrate and downstream boundary conditions. Detailed numerical studies were conducted to reveal the relationship between the flow distribution ratio and the individual impacting factor. Findings from this research could provide more accurate flowrate predictions to guide the design of the road crossings to improve the performance of the major drainage system during extreme storms.

Ferroptosis, as a regulated and non-apoptotic form of cell death, provides a new research direction for tumor therapy. Ferroptosis is involved in the development of drug resistance in some tumors and also in the treatment process of many tumor therapies, which is a neglected mechanism in tumor therapy. This article will introduce the relationship between ferroptosis and different tumor treatment therapies from the aspects of tumor chemotherapy, tumor radiation therapy and tumor immunotherapy, and summarize the strategies of improving tumor treatment effect by ferroptosis, in order to provide reference for tumor treatment.

Artificial intelligence (AI) system which can achieve stable, efficient and automatic bone age (BA) evaluation has been gradually embedded into clinical workflow. Herein, the routine BA methods were briefly reviewed and then followed by explanation of some terms commonly used in the area of AI. Then authors reviewed the research progresses of AI bone age software both in China and abroad in recent years, including the sources of training and validation dataset, the construction of algorithms and modules, and its performance in testing dataset. Finally, the challenges of applying AI in BA assessment were presented and some suggestions were given.

PRIMPOL (primase-polymerase) is a recently discovered DNA primase-polymerase involved in DNA damage tolerance and replication stress response in eukaryotic cells. However, the detailed mechanism of the PRIMPOL response to replication stress remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that replication-related factors, including replication protein A (RPA), regulate the accumulation of PRIMPOL in subnuclear foci in response to replication stress induced by replication inhibitors. Moreover, PRIMPOL works at G-quadruplexes (G4s) in human cells to resolve the replication stress induced by G4s. The formation of PRIMPOL foci persists throughout the cell cycle. We further demonstrate that PRIMPOL competes with RAD51 to resolve G4-induced replication stress. In conclusion, our results provide novel insight into the mechanism of PRIMPOL in G4s to resolve replication stress and competition between PRIMPOL (repriming)- and RAD51 (fork reversal)-mediated pathways, which indicates a new strategy to improve the tumor response to DNA-damaging chemotherapy by targeting the PRIMPOL pathway.

The tooth surface of spiral bevel gears is a spatial curved surface, and the change of tooth surface roughness can have a significant impact on its meshing performance, directly affecting the vibration, bearing and other performance of the system. A theoretical simulation and an experimental research of an aviation spiral bevel gear is carried out using the parallel spindle type barrel finishing process, a mathematical model of the process motion is established, the formula of cutting speed between abrasive and tooth surface is deduced, and the main factors affecting the result are analyzed; with the help of the Hertz-Mindlin with archard wear model of the EDEM software, the tooth surface wear is simulated; through this process, the surface quality of the disc spiral bevel gear surface is experimentally studied. The results show that using this process, the burr of the gear surface can be eliminated, the corner is rounded, the Ra of gear surface is reduced from 0.8 μm to about 0.4 μm, and the tooth surface morphology tends to be isotropic, which lays a foundation for further research of gear contact performance and industrial application.

Objective To detect WNT10A gene mutations in patients with oligodontia or anodontia (≥6 teeth missing) and analyze their dental phenotype. Methods Patients with oligodontia or anodontia were enrolled from the clinic for oral examination, genetic history collection and whole exon sequencing, and patients with WNT10A gene mutations were included. Sanger sequencing was utilized to validate the WNT10A gene variations in probands and family members compared with the normal sequence. The pathogenicity of WNT10A mutations was evaluated by functional prediction, conservation analysis and structure prediction of protein mutants. Implant rehabilitation was applied to restore the patients' oral function. Results Five WNT10A gene mutations were detected in six unrelated patients, and c.26G>A (p. Trp9X) and c.1036delT (p. Cys346fs) were novel mutations with pathogenic potential. The mean number of missing teeth was (15.33±8.64) per case. The most frequently missing permanent teeth were maxillary canines (100%), and the least frequently missing teeth were mandibular first molars (25%). Implant rehabilitation was applied in five patients, and patients were found to have ideal implant osseointegration and functional restoration. Conclusion This study identified novel WNT10A gene pathogenic variants, enriching the WNT10A gene spectrum and providing new evidence for genetic diagnosis and prenatal consultation. Implant rehabilitation was also proven to be a treatment option for these patients.

2D multiferroic materials have garnered broad interests due to their magnetoelectric properties and multifunctional applications. Here, the authors discover a multiferroic feature in physical vapor deposition synthesized 2D metallic p-doped SnSe.

ObjectiveTo provide reference for rational rice consumption and government safety supervision in China， the potential health risk in different populations was evaluated based on the investigation results of Cadmium （Cd） exposure from rice.MethodsCd of 6 249 rice samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）， the Cd pollution level and distribution characteristic in rice were analyzed. Monte-Carlo simulations were employed to estimate the cumulative distribution function of Hazard quotients （HQ） and Cancer-risk index （CR） of Cd exposure from rice to assess the potential health risks of rice consumption.ResultsThe average Cd content in rice samples from four regions， weighted by regional yield， was 0.1661 mg/kg， 25.99% of the overall rice samples and 56.64% of the rice samples from Central China exceeded the national limit. Analysis showed that Cd exposure level from rice in Northeast China was low and there was no carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic health risk. In other regions， the probability range of non-carcinogenic health risk level of HQ>1 was 0.06%~7.12% for adults and 0.15%~11.44% for children， respectively. The probability range of carcinogenic risk level of CR>10-4 was 0.16%~72.55% for adults and 0.26%~77.93% for children， respectively. The potential health risk caused by Cd exposure from rice was highest in Central China.ConclusionThere are high health risks of Cd exposure from rice in part of China， especially in Central China. The exposure risk of Cd from rice to children was higher than that of adults. It’s suggested that more attention should be paid to Cd exposure from rice for the critical areas and children.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus （HCV） and genotypes in blood donors in Huzhou， and provide evidence for establishing early warning mechanism and reducing the risk of HCV transmission through blood transfusion.MethodsA total of 108 011 blood samples from donors were tested for anti-HCV antibody and HCV RNA from 2017 to 2021 in Huzhou. Furthermore， HCV genotypes were determined in the positive samples. Statistical analysis was then conducted.ResultsAmong 108 011 blood donors， 33 were positive for HCV， with an overall prevalence of 0.031%. Univariate analysis showed that gender， history of blood donation， occupation， and marital status were significantly associated with HCV prevalence in voluntary blood donors. Further multivariate logistic regression showed that history of blood donation， gender， and marital status were included in the final model， with OR values of 46.075， 6.261， and 5.204， respectively. A total of four genotypes and five subtypes were identified， among which subtype 1b was the highest （39.34%）， followed by 2a （24.59%）.ConclusionHCV infection in blood donors is low in Huzhou. However， it remains crucial to strengthen the pre-blood donation intervention for those who are male， aged 25‒34 and 45 and above， and with no regular employment to improve the blood donation quality. In addition， multiple HCV genotypes and subtypes are prevalent in Huzhou， with subtype 1b being the most common type.

The Mongolian horses have excellent endurance and stress resistance to adapt to the cold and harsh plateau conditions. Intraspecific genetic diversity is mainly embodied in various genetic advantages of different branches of the Mongolian horse. Since people pay progressive attention to the athletic performance of horse, we expect to guide the exercise-oriented breeding of horses through genomics research. We obtained the clean data of 630,535,376,400 bp through the entire genome second-generation sequencing for the whole blood of four Abaga horses and ten Wushen horses. Based on the data analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism, we severally detected that 479 and 943 positively selected genes, particularly exercise related, were mainly enriched on equine chromosome 4 in Abaga horses and Wushen horses, which implied that chromosome 4 may be associated with the evolution of the Mongolian horse and athletic performance. Four hundred and forty genes of positive selection were enriched in 12 exercise-related pathways and narrowed in 21 exercise-related genes in Abaga horse, which were distinguished from Wushen horse. So, we speculated that the Abaga horse may have oriented genes for the motorial mechanism and 21 exercise-related genes also provided a molecular genetic basis for exercise-directed breeding of the Mongolian horse.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the optimum addition of buckwheat flour in buckwheat Chinese leavened pancakes. Methods: Farinograph, extensograph and viscometer were used to investigated the effects of different buckwheat flour additions on the rheological properties of the mixed flour dough. The hardness, gumminess and chewiness of the Chinese leavened pancake were measured by texture analyzer. The sensory quality of the Chinese leavened pancake was evaluated by the sensory evaluation score. Results: Adding 0~40% buckwheat flour to the flour, the rheological properties of the mixed flour dough became significantly worse with the increase of buckwheat flour content. The water absorption rate, development time and farinograph quality number of the mixed flour dough decreased gradually. When the addition of buckwheat flour was 40%, the farinograph quality number decreased by 69.1%, and the development time decreased by 70.7%. The extensibility and extensigram curve area of mixed flour dough decreased gradually with the increase of buckwheat flour content, and the extension resistance increased first and then decreased. When the addition of buckwheat flour was 20%, the hardness, stickiness and chewiness of the Chinese leavened pancakes were the lowest, and the sensory score was the highest, which increased by 19.4% compared with the blank control. Conclusion: The addition of buckwheat flour reduces the quality of the mixed flour, but an appropriate amount of buckwheat flour can impart a special flavor and nutritional value to the Chinese leavened pancakes. The rheological properties of the mixed flour and the quality of the Chinese leavened pancakes added within 20% are better.

High-grade gliomas (grades III and IV) are highly malignant and aggressive brain tumors that present significant treatment challenges. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the prognosis for patients with glioma remains poor, with a median overall survival (mOS) range of 9–12 months. Therefore, exploring new and effective therapeutic strategies to improve glioma prognosis is of utmost importance and ozone therapy is a viable option. Ozone therapy has been used in various cancers, such as colon, breast, and lung, yielding significant results in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Only a few studies have been conducted on gliomas. Furthermore, since the metabolism of brain cells involves aerobic glycolysis, ozone therapy may improve the oxygen condition and enhance glioma radiation treatment. However, understanding the correct ozone dosage and optimal time of administration remains challenging. Herein, we hypothesize that ozone therapy should be more effective in gliomas compared with other tumors. This study provides an overview of the use of ozone therapy in high-grade glioma, including mechanisms of action, preclinical data, and clinical evidence.