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Neng-Jun Wang,&ast; Yu-Min Zhang,&ast; Bin-Fei Zhang Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin-Fei Zhang, Email zhangbf07@gmail.comBackground: Red cell distribution width (RDW) may be related to the prognosis of hip fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between (RDW) and all-cause mortality in elderly hip fractures.Materials and Methods: Elderly patients aged ≥ 65 years who had a hip fracture were screened between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2019. The age, gender of patients and other demographics, as well as history of allergy, injury mechanism, underlying illnesses at the time of admission, fracture classification, time from admission to operation, RDW, operation time, blood loss, infusion, transfusion, treatment strategy, and length in hospital stay and follow-up and other clinical characteristics were collected. Linear and nonlinear multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify the association between RDW and mortality in these patients. Analyses were performed using EmpowerStats and the R software.Results: A total of 2587 patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. The mean follow-up period was 38.92 months. A total of 873 (33.75%) patients died due to all-cause mortality. The RDW was linearly associated with mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures. Linear multivariate Cox regression models showed that RDW was associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR]=1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.02– 1.05, P < 0.0001) after adjusting for confounding factors. The mortality risk increased by 3% when RDW increased by 1 fL.Conclusion: RDW is associated with mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures, and RDW could be considered a predictor of mortality risk.Registration: ChiCTR2200057323.Keywords: all-cause mortality, red cell distribution width, hip fracture

Chun-Xiu Yuan,1,2 Zhi-Wei Zhou,2,3 Yin-Xue Yang,4 Zhi-Xu He,3 Xueji Zhang,5 Dong Wang,6 Tianxing Yang,7 Ning-Ju Wang,1 Ruan Jin Zhao,8 Shu-Feng Zhou21Department of Oncology, General Hospital Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; 3Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino–US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China; 5Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 8Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sarasota, FL, USAAbstract: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and responds poorly to current chemotherapy. Alisertib (ALS) is a second-generation, orally bioavailable, highly selective small-molecule inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Aurora kinase A (AURKA). ALS has been shown to have potent anticancer effects in preclinical and clinical studies, but its role in gastric cancer treatment is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cancer cell-killing effect of ALS on gastric cancer cell lines AGS and NCI-N78, with a focus on cell proliferation, cell-cycle distribution, apoptosis, and autophagy and the mechanism of action. The results showed that ALS exhibited potent growth-inhibitory, proapoptotic, and proautophagic effects on AGS and NCI-N78 cells. ALS concentration-dependently inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase in both cell lines, with a downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B1 expression but upregulation of p21 Waf1/Cip1, p27 Kip1, and p53 expression. ALS induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in both AGS and NCI-N78 cells. ALS induced the expression of proapoptotic proteins but inhibited the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, with a significant increase in the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 in both cell lines. ALS induced inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways while activating the 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway as indicated by their altered phosphorylation, contributing to the proautophagic effects of ALS. SB202191 and wortmannin enhanced the autophagy-inducing effect of ALS in AGS and NCI-N78 cells. Notably, ALS treatment significantly decreased the ratio of phosphorylated AURKA over AURKA, which may contribute, at least in part, to the inducing effects of ALS on cell-cycle arrest and autophagy in AGS and NCI-N78 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that ALS exerts a potent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation but inducing effects on cell-cycle arrest, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and autophagy with the involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPK, and AURKA-mediated signaling pathways in AGS and NCI-N78 cells.Keywords: gastric cancer, alisertib, AURKA, apoptosis, autophagy

© 2015 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. Desmoplastic melanoma is an uncommon variant of melanoma with sarcomatous histology, distinct clinical behavior and unknown pathogenesis. We performed low-cove

© 2015 Korkola et al.We report here on experimental and theoretical efforts to determine how best to combine drugs that inhibit HER2 and AKT in HER2+ breast cancers. We accomplished this by measuring cellular and molecular responses to lapatinib

© 2013 Daemen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Background: First-generation molecular profiles for human breast cancers have enabled the identification of features that can predict therapeutic response; however, little is known about how the various dat

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an enzyme involved in DNA repair. PARP inhibitors can act as chemosensitizers, or operate on the principle of synthetic lethality when used as single agent. Clinical trials have shown drugs in this class to be promisin

Oral health promotion to young children is delivered by primary care nurses as part of general health promotion given to all children in Norway. Objective The objective was to evaluate established routines for referral of children by primary care nurses to the dental services and to study whether referred children younger than 3 years required contact with dental personnel. Methods All children referred by primary care nurses to the dental services in one county during one year were included. Primary care nurses referred children using criteria developed by dental personnel. At the dental clinic, anamnestic information, dental health and oral health behaviour of the referred children were registered. Results Altogether, 181 children were referred; 53% were younger than 3 years. The most frequent reasons for referral of children younger than 3 years were caries or dental plaque, and 34% had visible plaque accumulation and/or visible signs of caries. All referred children had at least one risk factor for caries. The referral reasons given by primary care nurses corresponded partly with findings at dental examination. The results indicated that 2% of the children younger than 3 years were referred to the dental services. Conclusion The results indicated that by using established referral routines, all children referred from well-baby clinics to the dental services were caries risk children who required early contact with dental personnel. However, the low proportion of children in the studied population referred by primary care personnel may indicate under-referral of children to the dental services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Recommendations regarding caries-preventive self-care for children are provided by several health authorities. Objective To investigate recommendations given to the public regarding children's caries-preventive self-care by Norwegian dentists, dental hygienists, dental nurses and public health nurses. Methods Questionnaires were sent by e-mail and answered by 808 of 1132 persons who provide oral preventive promotion to children in dental services and health centres. The preventive advice was obtained through questions about the preferred preventive methods, fluoride recommendations and sources of knowledge on which the personnel based the advice about caries prevention in children. The responses were analysed using logistic regression. Results The majority (59-71%) in all professions judged oral hygiene education to be the most important caries-preventive method. Most personnel (84-98%) recommended all children to use fluoride toothpaste, and half of all personnel (53%) recommended fluoride lozenges for 50% or more of children. Multivariate analysis showed that dental nurses recommended lozenges to more children than dentists ( OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7-3.7), while health nurses recommended lozenges to fewer children than dentists ( OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8). The most important source of knowledge reported by dental personnel was professional education, while health nurses relied on information from dental personnel. Conclusions Health professions' recommendations regarding caries-preventive self-care for children were mainly similar, although variation existed both between and within professions. Collaboration between professions and awareness of the evidence base for preventive oral care may improve the consistency of information given by health professionals to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To cite this article: Int J Dent Hygiene 10, 2012; 15-21 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2011.00533.x Dahl KE, Wang NJ, Öhrn K. Does oral health matter in people's daily life? Oral health-related quality of life in adults 35-47 years of age in Norway. Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral health on aspects of daily life measured by the Dental Impact Profile (DIP) in 35- to 47-year-old individuals in Norway, and to study associations between reported effects and demographic variables, subjectively assessed oral health, general health, oral health behaviour and clinical oral health. Material and methods: A stratified randomized sample of 249 individuals received a questionnaire regarding demographic questions, dental visits, oral hygiene behaviour, self-rated oral health and general health and satisfaction with oral health. The DIP measured the effects of oral health on daily life. Teeth present and caries experience were registered by clinical examination. Bi- and multivariate analyses and factor analysis were used. Results: Items most frequently reported to be positively or negatively influenced by oral health were chewing and biting, eating, smiling and laughing, feeling comfortable and appearance. Only 1% reported no effects of oral health. Individuals with fewer than two decayed teeth, individuals who rated their oral health as good or practised good oral health habits reported more positive effects than others on oral quality of life ( P ≤ 0.05). When the variables were included in multivariate analysis, none was statistically significant. The subscales of the DIP were somewhat different from the originally suggested subscales. Conclusions: This study showed that most adults reported oral health to be important for masticatory functions and confirmed that oral health also had impacts on other aspects of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to describe the dental health status of 12-year-old schoolchildren in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, and to identify sociodemographic factors, oral health behaviours, attitudes and knowledge related to dental caries experience. METHODS: The study took the form of a cross-sectional survey of 838 children in upper primary schools. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used. Dental caries was measured using World Health Organization criteria. Sociodemographic factors, oral health behaviours, attitudes and knowledge were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries in the permanent dentition was 27%. The mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth was 0.5 (SD=0.9). The decayed component (D) constituted 91% of the total number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that children had a higher risk of having dental caries if they lived in urban area [OR=1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-2.1], had visited a dentist (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.2-2.2), did not use a toothbrush (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.2-2.9), consumed sweets (OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.0-1.9) or performed poorly in school (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.0-2.3). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of caries in this sample of 12-year-old schoolchildren was low compared to that in other developing countries. The present study indicated that urban living conditions were associated with more dental caries. Since urbanization is rapid in India, oral health promotion at the present time would be valuable to prevent increased caries prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polyamines regulate important cellular functions and polyamine dysregulation frequently occurs in cancer. The objective of this study was to use a systems approach to study the relative effects of PG-11047, a polyamine analogue, across breast cancer cells derived from different patients and to identify genetic markers associated with differential cytotoxicity.Methods: A panel of 48 breast cell lines that mirror many transcriptional and genomic features present in primary human breast tumours were used to study the antiproliferative activity of PG-11047. Sensitive cell lines were further examined for cell cycle distribution and apoptotic response. Cell line responses, quantified by the GI50 (dose required for 50% relative growth inhibition) were correlated with the omic profiles of the cell lines to identify markers that predict response and cellular functions associated with drug sensitivity.Results: The concentrations of PG-11047 needed to inhibit growth of members of the panel of breast cell lines varied over a wide range, with basal-like cell lines being inhibited at lower concentrations than the luminal cell lines. Sensitive cell lines showed a significant decrease in S phase fraction at doses that produced little apoptosis. Correlation of the GI50 values with the omic profiles of the cell lines identified genomic, transcriptional and proteomic variables associated with response.Conclusions: A 13-gene transcriptional marker set was developed as a predictor of response to PG-11047 that warrants clinical evaluation. Analyses of the pathways, networks and genes associated with response to PG-11047 suggest that response may be influenced by interferon signalling and differential inhibition of aspects of motility and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents abstracts of articles about dentistry. Caries prevention for children; Prevalence of torus mandibularis; Influence of toothbrushing frequency and post-brushing rinsing on caries experience.

Presents abstracts of articles on dentistry, published in the April 1999 issue of the 'British Dental Journal.' Tooth survival probabilities among men in Oslo, Norway; Relationship between signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and bilateral occlusal contact patterns during lateral excursions.

This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of resin-based fissure sealants (FS) and fluoride varnish (FV) in children at high caries risk. A practice-based split-mouth randomized clinical trial was conducted at 9 Public Dental Service (PDS) clinics in Norway. In total, 409 children age 6 to 10 y at high caries risk (d 3 mft > 0) meeting inclusion criteria were recruited by dentists and dental hygienists during routine examination. Eligibility criteria were 2 fully erupted first permanent molars (FPMs) in the same jaw, with sound occlusal surfaces or with initial caries. Participation was voluntary, caregivers and eligible children were informed about the study, and written parental consent was obtained. FS and FV were randomly applied on contralateral FPMs in the same jaw, with each participant serving as their own control. FS was applied at baseline and thereafter maintained according to clinicians' conventional procedures, whereas FV was applied at baseline, 6 mo, and 12 mo. The study outcome was success, with no need for invasive treatment (caries control), while failure was defined as dentin carious lesion or restoration. Two-level mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was used to compare FS and FV groups. Of 409 recruited children, 369 (90%) children/tooth pairs were examined after 36 mo. Intention-to-treat analysis showed 94.1% adjusted predicted probability ( a PP) of success (95% confidence interval [CI] 91.7 to 96.4) in the FS group and 89.6% a PP (95% CI 86.5 to 92.7) in the FV group. In the adjusted analysis, the FV group had a lower OR for success compared with the FS group (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.87). In the population studied, the clinical effectiveness of FS was statistically significantly higher compared with FV but below the estimated minimal clinically important difference of 10%., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objective: Islet α cells input is essential for insulin secretion from β cells. The present study aims to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and islet function homeostasis in type-2 diabetes (T2D) patients., Methods: A total of 4670 T2D patients from seven communities in Shanghai, China were enrolled. The anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters, serum 25(OH)D, and islet function [including C-peptide (C-p) and glucagon] were measured., Results: The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucagon, and C-p levels exhibited a significantly decreasing trend in T2D patients as the 25(OH)D levels increased. Next, the population was divided into two groups: abdominal obesity and non-abdominal obesity groups. After adjustment, the 25(OH)D level was found to be associated with HbA1c, glucagon, and homeostasis model assessment of β (HOMA-β) in the non-abdominal obesity group. There was a significant relationship between 25(OH)D and HbA1c, glucagon, HOMA-IR, baseline insulin or C-p in the abdominal obesity group. In the abdominal obesity group, the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and quantile regression revealed that 25(OH) D was obviously associated with glucagon and fasting C-p levels. In the abdominal obesity group, the moderate analysis revealed a significant interaction effect of 25(OH)D and glucagon on C-p (P=0.0124). Furthermore, the conditional indirect effect of 25(OH)D on the glucagon/C-p ratio was significantly lower at 1 standard deviation (SD) below the mean (P=0.0002), and lower at the mean of the course of diabetes (P=0.0007)., Conclusion: 25(OH)D was found to be negatively correlated to glucagon and C-p in T2D patients with abdominal obesity. The 25(OH)D influenced C-p in part by influencing glucagon. The effect of 25(OH)D on the glucagon/C-p ratio in T2D patients with abdominal obesity, in terms of islet homeostasis, is influenced by the course of diabetes., (© 2023. Huazhong University of Science and Technology.)

Purpose: To explore breastfeeding from 6 to 18 months of age and to study the association between breastfeeding and caries prevalence at 5 years of age., Methods: The study included 1088 children from one Norwegian county and was based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The children had clinical dental examination at 5 years of age, and parents answered a questionnaire, which included information on breastfeeding, oral health behaviour and child characteristic. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed. The study was ethically approved., Results: Of the studied children, 77% were breastfed at 6 months of age and 16% were still breastfed at 18 months of age. Few children (6%) were breastfed during night at 18 months of age, while 11% received sugary drink during night. No association was found between breastfeeding up to 18 months of age and caries prevalence at 5 years of age ( p  > .05). Children who at 18 months of age had their teeth brushed less than twice daily (OR 2.4, CI 1.5-3.9), consumed sugary drink once a week or more often (OR 1.7, CI 1.1-2.7) and had non-Western parents (OR 3.4, CI 1.5-8.1) were more likely to have caries experience at 5 years of age than other children., Conclusion: Breastfeeding up to 18 months of age was not associated with caries development during preschool age.

Background: Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is emerging as a prefer treatment option for pediatric achalasia. However, data are limited on the long-term efficacy of POEM in children and adolescents with achalasia., Aim: To evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of POEM for pediatric patients with achalasia and compare those outcomes with adult patients., Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients with achalasia who underwent POEM. Patients aged under 18 years were included in the pediatric group; patients aged between 18 to 65 years who underwent POEM in the same period were assigned to the control group. For investigation of long-term follow-up, the pediatric group were matched with patients from the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The procedure-related parameters, adverse events, clinical success, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after POEM, and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated., Results: From January 2012 to March 2020, POEM was performed in 1025 patients aged under 65 years old (48 in the pediatric group, 1025 in the control group). No significant differences were observed in the occurrence of POEM complications between the two groups (14.6% vs 14.6%; P = 0.99). Among the 34 pediatric patients (70.8%) who underwent follow-up for 5.7 years (range 2.6-10.6 years), clinical success was achieved in 35 patients (35/36; 97.2%). No differences were observed in post-POEM GERD occurrence (17.6% vs 35.3%; P = 0.10). QoL was significantly improved in both groups after POEM., Conclusion: POEM is safe and effective for pediatric patients with achalasia. It can achieve significant symptoms relief and improve QoL., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

HLA-DRB1*12:01:12 differs from HLA-DRB1*12:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

HLA-C*01:239 differs from HLA-C*01:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 4., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

HLA-DRB1*14:246 differs from HLA-DRB1*14:18 by one nucleotide in exon 2., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Purpose: To explore the use of fissure sealing as a caries preventive method by describing characteristics of children who had received sealants and to study associations between sealing and caries prevalence at 12 years of age., Methods: The study included 3075 children examined at 5 and 12 years of age. Data were collected by clinical examination and questionnaire to parents. The questionnaire provided information on child characteristics and oral health behaviour in children at 5 years of age. Data on sealing and caries prevalence were obtained from dental records. Bi- and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. The Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics approved the study (2.200.54 and 2013/1881)., Results: Of the children, 12% had received sealants on permanent teeth before 12 years of age. Children with dentin caries at 5 years of age (OR 2.0, CI 1.5-2.7) had a higher probability of having received sealants than children without caries. Having sealants (OR 2.8, CI 2.2-3.6), enamel caries (OR 1.5, CI 1.2-1.9), dentin caries (OR 2.9, CI 2.3-3.6) and using fluoride lozenges less than daily (OR 1.5, CI 1.3-1.8) at 5 years of age were associated with having dentin caries prevalence at 12 years of age., Conclusion: Few children had received fissure sealing. Although sealing was used as a caries preventive method in children who had experienced caries in primary teeth, these children continued developing caries in their permanent teeth., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: So far, little evidence is available for the comprehensive comparison of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of superficial neoplasia at esophagogastric junction (EGJ)., Methods: EGJ superficial neoplasia patients with ESTD treatment between January, 2021 and August, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and individually matched at 1:1 ratio with those with ESD treatment according to lesion size, specimen area and lesion location, forming ESTD and ESD group, respectively. A sample size of 17 patients was collected for each group. Treatment outcomes including resection time, specimen area, and resection speed as well as occurrence of complications were evaluated., Results: Compared with ESD group, ESTD group got shorter resection time (111.00 ± 11.70 min for ESD group vs. 71.59 ± 6.18 min for ESTD group, p = 0.008) and faster section speed (0.23 ± 0.03 cm 2 /min for ESD group vs. 0.37 ± 0.06 cm 2 /min for ESTD group, p = 0.012). No complication was found to occur in ESTD group, while 1 patient with MP damage and 1 with delayed bleeding was found in ESD group., Conclusion: For the treatment of EGJ superficial neoplasia, ESTD is a safer and more effective and reliable endoscopic technique compared with ESD., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Objectives: To explore self-reported satisfaction with teeth in 12-year-old children, and to study whether satisfaction was associated with child characteristics, oral health behaviours and previous experiences with teeth and dental treatment., Methods: Data were retrieved from dental records of 4725 children and questionnaires including information on satisfaction with teeth, gender, parents' origin, parents' education, dental anxiety, tooth brushing frequency, use of dental floss, toothache, pain at last dental visit and caries. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Data were crosstabulated and tested using Chi-square statistics and multivariable logistic regression. The study was ethically approved., Results: Most children (68%) were satisfied with their teeth. Children who were dissatisfied with teeth were more likely to have negative experiences with their teeth and dental treatment with higher probability of having experienced toothache (OR 1.6, CI 1.4-1.8), pain at last dental visit (OR 1.4, CI 1.2-1.6) or dental anxiety (OR 1.2, CI 1.1-1.4) than other children. In addition, children with caries in their primary (OR 1.4, CI 1.2-1.7) and permanent teeth (OR 1.2, CI 1.0-1.4) were more likely to be dissatisfied than those without caries., Conclusions: Most 12-year-olds were satisfied with their teeth. The strongest indicator for being dissatisfied was experiences with toothache, pain at last dental visit or caries while parents' origin and education were less important., (Copyright© 2022 Dennis Barber Ltd.)

Background: Conventional endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is safe and effective for the treatment of small papilla adenoma to even large laterally spreading tumors of duodenum lesions. As reported by some existing studies, temporarily placing a prophylactic stent in the pancreatic and bile duct can lower the risk of this perioperative complication., Aim: To evaluate the usefulness, convenience, safety, and short-term results of a novel autorelease bile duct supporter after EP procedure, especially the effectiveness in preventing EP., Methods: A single-center comparison study was conducted to verify the feasibility of the novel method. After EP, a metallic endoclip and human fibrin sealant kit were applied for protection. The autorelease bile duct supporter fell into the duct segment and the intestinal segment. Specifically, the intestinal segment was extended by nearly 5 cm as a bent coil. The bile was isolated from the pancreatic juice using an autorelease bile duct supporter, which protected the wound surface. The autorelease bile duct supporter fell off naturally and arrived in colon nearly 10 d after the operation., Results: En bloc endoscopic resection was performed in 6/8 patients (75%), and piecemeal resection was performed in 2/8 of patients (25%). None of the above patients were positive for neoplastic lymph nodes or distant metastasis. No cases of mortality, hemorrhage, delayed perforation, pancreatitis, cholangitis or duct stenosis with the conventional medical treatment were reported. The autorelease bile duct supporter in 7 of 8 patients fell off naturally and arrived in colon 10 d after the operation. One autorelease bile duct supporter was successfully removed using forceps or snare under endoscopy. No recurrence was identified during the 8-mo (ranging from 6-9 mo) follow-up period., Conclusion: In brief, it was found that the autorelease bile duct supporter could decrease the frequency of procedure-associated complications without second endoscopic retraction. Secure closure of the resection wound with clips and fibrin glue were indicated to be promising and important for the use of autorelease bile duct supporters. Well-designed larger-scale comparative studies are required to confirm the findings of this study., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and hyperglycemia. In addition to well known risk factors such as lifestyle and genetic risk score, accumulation of environmental toxicants in organs relevant to glucose metabolism is increasingly recognized as additional risk factors for T2DM. Here, we describe the development of an in vivo oral cadmium (Cd) exposure model. It was shown that oral Cd exposure in drinking water followed by washout and high fat diet (HFD) in C57BL/6N mice results in islet Cd bioaccumulation comparable to that found in native human islets while mitigating the anorexic effects of Cd to achieve the same weight gain required to induce insulin resistance as in Cd naïve control mice. Inter individual variation in plasma glucose and insulin levels as well as islet Cd bioaccumulation was observed in both female and male mice. Regression analysis showed an inverse correlation between islet Cd level and plasma insulin following a glucose challenge in males but not in females. This finding highlights the need to account for inter individual target tissue Cd concentrations when interpreting results from in vivo Cd exposure models. No effect of Cd on insulin secretion was observed in islets ex vivo, highlighting differences between in vivo and ex vivo cadmium exposure models. In summary, our oral in vivo Cd exposure-washout with HFD model resulted in islet Cd bioaccumulation that is relevant in the context of environmental cadmium exposure in humans. Here, we showed that islet Cd bioaccumulation is associated with complex cadmium-mediated changes in glucose clearance and β-cell function. The model described here will serve as a useful tool to further examine the relationship between Cd exposure, islet Cd bioaccumulation, dysglycemia and their underlying mechanisms., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Recent studies in postmenopausal women have found associations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels with both glucose metabolism and bone turnover. The objective of the study was to investigate whether FSH may contribute to suppressed bone turnover markers (BTMs) in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2D)., Materials and Methods: 888 postmenopausal women with T2D, 352 nondiabetes (prediabetes plus normoglycemia) were included from the METAL study. HbA1c, sex hormones, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and β-C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX) were measured., Results: P1NP and β-CTX decreased in postmenopausal T2D women compared with nondiabetes controls (both p < 0.001). The major factors responsible for the changes in P1NP were HbA1c (β = - 0.050, p < 0.001), 25(OH)D (β = - 0.003, p = 0.006), FSH (β = 0.001, p = 0.044) and metformin (β = - 0.109, p < 0.001), for β-CTX were HbA1c (β = - 0.049, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (β = - 0.011, p = 0.005), 25(OH)D (β = - 0.003, p = 0.003), FSH (β = 0.002, p = 0.022) and metformin (β = - 0.091, p = 0.001) in postmenopausal T2D women based on multivariate regression analysis. With the increase in HbA1c, FSH decreased significantly (p for trend < 0.001). Mediation analysis demonstrated that FSH partly mediated the suppression of LnP1NP and Lnβ-CTX by HbA1c (β = - 0.009 and - 0.010, respectively), and Lnβ-CTX by BMI (β = - 0.015) when multiple confounders were considered (all p < 0.05)., Conclusion: HbA1c was the crucial determinant contributing to the suppression of BTMs. FSH might play a novel mediation role in BTM suppression due to HbA1c or BMI., (© 2021. The Japanese Society Bone and Mineral Research.)

Background: The use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been reported in the treatment of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN). However, its efficacy and prognostic risk factors have not been well analyzed., Aim: To explore the efficacy and prognostic risk factors of RFA for gastric LGIN in a large, long-term follow-up clinical study., Methods: The clinical data of 271 consecutive cases from 198 patients who received RFA for treatment of gastric LGIN at the Chinese PLA General Hospital from October 2014 to October 2020 were reviewed in this retrospective study. Data on operative parameters, complications, and follow-up outcomes including curative rates were recorded and analyzed., Results: The curative rates of endoscopic RFA for gastric LGIN at 3 mo, 6 mo, and 1-5 years after the operation were 93.3%, 92.8%, 91.5%, 90.3%, 88.5%, 85.7%, and 83.3%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection and disease duration > 1 year had a significant effect on the curative rate ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.013, respectively). None of patients had bleeding, perforation, infection, or other serious complications after RFA, and the main discomfort was postoperative abdominal pain., Conclusion: RFA was safe and effective for gastric LGIN during long-term follow-up. H. pylori infection and disease course > 1 year may be the main risk factors for relapse of LGIN after RFA., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: We have no financial relationships to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To explore frequency of tooth brushing, dental flossing, fluoride supplements and sugar snacking in 12-year-olds, and to study how these oral health behaviours were associated with background characteristics and caries prevalence., Material and Methods: The study included 4779 children. Data were collected by clinical examination and questionnaires regarding oral health behaviours and child characteristics. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Data were tested using Chi-square statistics and analyzed by logistic regression. The study was ethically approved., Results: Of the children, 81% brushed twice daily, 36% flossed once a week or more often, 39% used fluoride supplements daily and 48% consumed sugar between meals once a week or less often. Children who brushed twice daily more often flossed regularly, used fluoride daily and consumed sugar between meals less often than other children ( p  < .05). Girls and children whose parents had long education more often had favourable oral health behaviours than other children; brushed more frequently, more often used floss and fluoride supplements and consumed sugary snacks less often than other children ( p  < .05). In total, 40% of the children were caries-free. Children who brushed less than twice daily had more often caries than other children (OR 1.50, CI 1.29-1.74) when controlling for background characteristics and other oral health behaviours., Conclusions: The majority of children brushed twice daily and these children had caries less often than other children. The use of dental floss, fluoride supplements or sugar snacking in addition to brushing twice daily, did not reduce the probability of having caries.

Mastering the SNP content in the HLA region can be based on it to judiciously select unrelated donor stem cells with preferable MHC matching to lower postoperative complications. Herein, quantitative PCR-based primers and probes were designed for 10 transplants outcome-associated SNP loci with two-allelic polymorphism, and then a new detection system ("HLA-10-SNP") was established. Compared with Sanger sequencing, its accuracy has been proven to reach 100%. Additionally, fluorescent PCR typing of 10 important SNPs via this system expressed excellent repeatability (sensitivity, 20 ng). Overall, the new system achieves single-sample classification precision and easily distinguishable results, equipped with the advantages of simple, rapid, accurate, and effective, promising to acquire widespread popularization and application in clinical settings., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)