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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the main microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, as well as the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Intestinal microbiota has emerged as a crucial regulator of its occurrence and development. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota can disrupt the intestinal mucosal barrier, abnormal immunological response, reduction in short-chain fatty acid metabolites, and elevation of uremic toxins, all closely related to the occurrence and development of DKD. However, the underlying mechanisms of how intestinal microbiota and its metabolites influence the onset and progression of DKD has not been fully elucidated. In the current review, we will try to summarize the microecological mechanism of DKD by focusing on three aspects: the intestinal microbiota and its associated metabolites, and the “gut–kidney axis,” and try to summarize therapies targeted at managing the intestinal microbiota, expecting to provide theoretical basis for the subsequent study of the relationship between intestinal homeostasis and DKD, and will open an emerging perspective and orientation for DKD treatment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of colposcopy in diagnosing cervical lesions when negative cervical cytology is combined with positive human papillomavirus (HPV).

[Objective] Simulating the change of runoff and sediment changes in the watershed under the influence of land use and climate in the future is conducive to making suitable management plans. [Methods] Based on land use and meteorological data, combined with CMIP6 climate model data, PLUS model and SWAT model, the temporal and spatial changes of land use and runoff and sediment under different climate scenarios in 2030 were quantitatively simulated. [Results] (1) The SWAT model exhibited good accuracy in monthly scale in simulation of Minjiang River Basin, in which the R2 and NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency) ranged from 0.80 to 0.95 and 0.75 to 0.91, respectively. The R2 and NSE ranged from 0.75 to 0.98 and 0.64 to 0.94 respectively. (2) Using the land use data of 2020 to evaluate the accuracy of the PLUS model, the Kappa coefficient was 0.77, and the simulated construction land and cultivated land in the Minjiang River Basin in 2030 would increase by 325.64 km2 and 1 157.51 km2, respectively. (3) Under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the average precipitation in 2025—2035 would increase by 0.15% and 2.18%, and the average annual temperature would increase by 0.23 and 0.62 ℃, respectively. (4) In the low carbon and high carbon scenarios, only land use change led to an increase of 0.08% and 0.07% in annual mean runoff, and an increase of 0.24% and decreased of 0.05% in annual mean sediment transport, respectively, compared with the baseline period. Compared with the baseline period, the mean annual runoff decreased by 4.76% and 4.11%, and the mean annual sediment transport increased by 18.12% and 0.13%, respectively. The combined effects of land use and climate resulted in a decrease of 4.57% and 3.93% in annual average runoff and an increase of 18.28% and 0.33% in annual average sediment transport compared with the base period, respectively. (5) Under the scenario of future climate and land use comprehensive change, the areas with higher and larger increase in surface runoff and sediment yield were concentrated in the northwestern of the basin centered on Shaowu City in Nanping and the southwest of the basin centered on Jiangle County in Sanming. [Conclusion] These research results provide some reference for the reasonable development and construction of Minjiang River basin in the future.

A contest usually involves expenditures, termed “overbidding,” exceeding the theoretical Nash equilibrium. A considerable number of studies have shown that group identity can affect decision-making and competitive behavior, thus providing a new perspective on alleviating the overbidding problem. How group identity influences brain activity when competitors bid in different groups is not yet clear, however. In this study, we implemented group identity manipulation into the lottery contest game and we recorded behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) data at the same time. Two experimental treatments were conducted to study the effect of group identity on bidding behavior. The event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related oscillations (ERO) techniques were utilized to explore brain activity differences caused by participants’ different bidding behaviors under in-group and out-group conditions. Behavioral results showed that individual expenditure was significantly lower when bidding with in-group opponents than with out-group opponents. Analyses of EEG results revealed that compared to in-group conditions, greater N2 amplitudes and theta power were found under out-group conditions. To extend previous studies, we performed supplementary analysis to explore whether enhancement of group identity had effects on conflict alleviation. Behavioral results indicated that individual expenditure was significantly lower after enhancing group identity when bidding with in-group, and EEG results showed more negative N2 amplitudes, smaller P3 amplitudes and larger theta power after enhancing group identity. Collectively, these findings indicate that group identity modulated bidding behavior, and they provide insight into a mechanism to de-escalate group conflict by enhancing group identity.

Objective To analyze the correlation between skeletal vertical patterns and mandibular dental arch width, basal arch width and the dental buccolingual inclination of patients with skeletal ClassⅠ. Methods The CBCT data of 62 skeletal ClassⅠ malocclusion patients were collected and divided into a high-angle group with 19 cases, a mean-angle group with 22 cases, and a low-angle group with 21 cases according to the GoGn-SN angle. Mandible 3D reconstruction of the three groups was performed using Dolphin software, and dental arch widths, basal arch widths and buccolingual inclination of canines, first premolars and first molars, were measured and statistically analyzed respectively. Redults Mandibular dental arch width showed no significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05). The basal arch widths of mandibular canines and first premolars in low-angle group were larger than those in the other groups (P0.05). Pearson correlation tests showed that the basal arch widths of mandibular canines and first premolars were negatively correlated with GoGn-SN angle. Excluding the influence of dental arch width and basal arch width, there was still a significant positive correlation between the buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first premolars and the GoGn-SN angle (P

Vocal communication is essential for social behaviors in humans and non-human primates. While the frontal cortex is crucial to human speech production, its role in vocal production in non-human primates has long been questioned. It is unclear whether activities in the frontal cortex represent diverse vocal signals used in non-human primate communication. Here we studied single neuron activities and local field potentials (LFP) in the frontal cortex of male marmoset monkeys while the animal engaged in vocal exchanges with conspecifics in a social environment. We found that both single neuron activities and LFP were modulated by the production of each of the four major call types. Moreover, neural activities showed distinct patterns for different call types and theta-band LFP oscillations showed phase-locking to the phrases of twitter calls, suggesting a neural representation of vocalization features. Our results suggest important functions of the marmoset frontal cortex in supporting the production of diverse vocalizations in communication.

The problem motivating this study is the urgent need to explore the antecedents of STEM career interest and the growing importance of coding in STEM careers, coupled with the unclear relationship between intrinsic coding interest and STEM career interest. To narrow the research gap, this study explores the direct and indirect effects of intrinsic coding interest on STEM career interest. As a quantitative cross-sectional survey research, 669 students from three senior high schools in two large Chinese cities were investigated. Applying a structural equation modeling approach, the research instrument was validated and the research hypotheses were tested. The findings articulate the direct influence of intrinsic coding interest, coding self-efficacy and perceptions of coders on STEM career interest, and detect the mediating roles of coding self-efficacy and perceptions of coders between intrinsic coding interest and STEM career interest. This study affirms a new theoretical model with strong predictive power, accounting for 64% of the variance in STEM career interest. This study contributes theoretically and practically to the limited literature on coding-related antecedents of STEM career interest.