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16. Bioactive polysaccharides in different plant parts of Aconitum carmichaelii.

Author

Fu, Yu‐Ping, Li, Cen‐Yu, Zou, Yuan‐Feng, Peng, Xi, Paulsen, Berit Smestad, Wangensteen, Helle, and Inngjerdingen, Kari Tvete

Subjects
GALACTANS, POLYSACCHARIDES, ALKALOIDS, CHINESE medicine, CHEMICAL industry, XYLOGLUCANS, ARABINOGALACTAN, ISOQUINOLINE alkaloids
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Aconitum carmichaelii is an industrially cultivated medicinal plant in China and its lateral and mother roots are used in traditional Chinese medicine due to the presence of alkaloids. However, the rootlets and aerial parts are discarded after collection of the roots, and the non‐toxic polysaccharides in this plant have attracted less attention than the alkaloids and poisonous features. In this study, five neutral and 14 acidic polysaccharide fractions were isolated systematically from different plant parts of A. carmichaelii, and their structural features and bioactivity were studied and compared. RESULTS: The neutral fraction isolated from the rootlets differed from those isolated from the lateral and mother roots. It consisted of less starch and more possible mannans, galactans, and/or xyloglucans, being similar to those of the aerial parts. Pectic polysaccharides containing homogalacturonan and branched type‐I rhamnogalacturonan (RG‐I) were present in all plant parts of A. carmichaelii. However, more arabinogalactan (AG)‐II side chains in the RG‐I backbone were present in the aerial parts of the plants, while more amounts of arabinans were found in the roots. Various immunomodulatory effects were observed, determined by complement fixation activity and anti‐inflammatory effects on the intestinal epithelial cells of all polysaccharide fractions. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the diversity of polysaccharides present in A. carmichaelii, especially in the unutilized plant parts, and showed their potential medicinal value. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Response

Author

ARETA, JOSÉ L., AUSTARHEIM, INGVILD, WANGENSTEEN, HELLE, and CAPELLI, CARLO

Published
2018
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37. Identification of chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum heitzii stem bark and their insecticidal activity against the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Author

Moussavi, Nastaran, Malterud, Karl Egil, Mikolo, Bertin, Dawes, Dag, Chandre, Fabrice, Corbel, Vincent, Massamba, Daniel, Overgaard, Hans Jørgen, and Wangensteen, Helle

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Pellitorine, parasitic diseases, Parasitology, Anopheles gambiae, complex mixtures, Insecticide, Zanthoxylum heitzii, Malaria
Abstract

Background Zanthoxylum heitzii bark extracts have insecticidal properties and have been reported to be used against malaria in Western Africa. Previously, it has been shown that a hexane extract of the bark is toxic to adult females of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, a malaria vector. As part of our project on the control of malaria vectors using plant extracts, the phytochemistry of Z. heitzii bark hexane extract has been investigated with the aim to identify the major components with adulticidal and larvicidal effects on An. gambiae. Methods Z. heitzii stem bark was extracted with hexane, and the extract was fractionated to isolate major components from the bark, identified by NMR spectroscopy. Isolated compounds were tested for toxicity towards adult female An. gambiae mosquitoes and for larvicidal effects towards An. gambiae. Results The alkaloid dihydronitidine, the sesquiterpenoid caryophyllene oxide, the amide pellitorine and the lignan sesamin were identified as the major constituents in Z. heitzii bark. Pellitorine was toxic to both adult insects (LD50 50 ng/mg insect) and larvae (LD50 13 μg/ml). None of the other compounds were toxic to adults, but caryophyllene oxide and sesamin exhibited moderate larvicidal effects (LD50 > 150 μg/ml). A mixture of the four compounds in the same ratio as in the hexane extract showed higher toxicity (LD50 34 ng/mg insect) towards adult insects than the pure compounds. Conclusion The toxicity of Z. heitzii bark hexane extract to An. gambiae is mostly due to pellitorine, although interactions between pellitorine and other, inactive constituents may enhance the activity of the extract.

Published
2015

45. Enhanced Glucose Uptake in Human Liver Cells and Inhibition of Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes by Nordic Berry Extracts.

Author

Giang Thanh Thi Ho, Thi Kim Yen Nguyen, Kase, Eili Tranheim, Tadesse, Margey, Barsett, Hilde, and Wangensteen, Helle

Subjects
PHYSICAL activity, DIET, GLUCOSE, DIABETES, ACARBOSE
Abstract

A Western lifestyle with low physical activity and a diet rich in sugar, fat and processed food contribute to higher incidences of diabetes and obesity. Enhanced glucose uptake in human liver cells was observed after treatment with phenolic extracts from different Nordic berries. All berry extracts showed higher inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase than the anti-diabetic agent acarbose. Total phenolic content and phenolic profiles in addition to antioxidant activities, were also investigated. The berries were extracted with 80% methanol on an accelerated solvent extraction system (ASE) and then purified by C-18 solid phase extraction (SPE). Among the ASE methanol extracts, black chokeberry, crowberry and elderberry extracts showed high stimulation of glucose uptake in HepG2 cells and also considerable inhibitory effect towards carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. SPE extracts with higher concentrations of phenolics, resulted in increased glucose uptake and enhanced inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared to the ASE extracts. Crowberry and cloudberry were the most potent 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors, while bog whortleberry and lingonberry were the most active xanthine oxidase inhibitors. These results increase the value of these berries as a component of a healthy Nordic diet and have a potential benefit against diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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46. Insecticidal Activities of Bark, Leaf and Seed Extracts of Zanthoxylum heitzii against the African Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae

Author

Overgaard, Hans, primary, Sirisopa, Patcharawan, additional, Mikolo, Bertin, additional, Malterud, Karl, additional, Wangensteen, Helle, additional, Zou, Yuan-Feng, additional, Paulsen, Berit, additional, Massamba, Daniel, additional, Duchon, Stephane, additional, Corbel, Vincent, additional, and Chandre, Fabrice, additional

Published
2014
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48. Effect of Phenolic Compounds from Elderflowers on Glucose- and Fatty Acid Uptake in Human Myotubes and HepG2-Cells.

Author

Giang Thanh Thi Ho, Kase, Eili Tranheim, Wangensteen, Helle, and Barsett, Hilde

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is manifested by progressive metabolic impairments in tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver, and these tissues become less responsive to insulin, leading to hyperglycemia. In the present study, stimulation of glucose and oleic acid uptake by elderflower extracts, constituents and metabolites were tested in vitro using the HepG2 hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line and human skeletal muscle cells. Among the crude extracts, the 96% EtOH extract showed the highest increase in glucose and oleic acid uptake in human skeletal muscle cells and HepG2-cells. The flavonoids and phenolic acids contained therein were potent stimulators of glucose and fatty acid uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Most of the phenolic constituents and several of the metabolites showed high antioxidant activity and showed considerably higher α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition than acarbose. Elderflower might therefore be valuable as a functional food against diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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