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The microscopic structures of calcium–ammonia solutions have been established by using neutron diffraction. Total structure factors measured at 230 K reveal immediately the evolution of an uncommonly intense diffraction prepeak in the metallic solutions. As concentration is increased from 4 mole percent metal to 10 mole percent metal (i.e., saturation), this feature intensifies and shifts from 0.6 to 0.9 Å-1. It is therefore evidence of well developed intermediate-range ordering among the solvated cations, and is a microstructural signature of the observed strong phase separation of metallic (concentrated) and nonmetallic (dilute) solutions. The technique of isotopic labelling of *N by 15N was then used in conjunction with difference analysis to focus on the solvent structure in metallic solutions at 4 and 10 mole percent metal. These nitrogen-centered functions are analyzed in conjunction with classical Monte Carlo computer simulation techniques, to provide us with detailed insight into the calcium solvation and the extent of hydrogen bonding. We find that calcium is solvated by approximately 6–7 ammonia molecules, with a Ca–N distance of around 2.45 Å. There is evidence of hydrogen bonding among the solvent molecules, even in the saturated 10 mole percent metal solution. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional solid-state reactions are used to synthesize two solid solutions, La4Cu(sub 3-x)Zn(sub x)MoO12 and La4Cu(sub 3-x)Zn(sub x)MoO12 at ambient pressure and at temperatures from 1025 to 1200 degree Celsius. Their structures are determined from X-ray powder diffraction with the help of electron and neutron diffraction.

Two solid solutions, La4Cu3-xZnxMoO12 (0.05 ⩽ × ⩽ 0.20, SS1) and La4Cu3-xZnxMoO12 (0.30 ⩽ × ⩽ 2.40, SS2), were synthesized at ambient pressure and at temperatures from 1025 to 1200 °C by traditional solid-state reactions. Their structures were determined from X-ray powder diffraction with the help of electron and neutron diffraction. The atomic arrangements of SS1 and SS2 are similar, but their space groups are different, Pmnm for SS1 and P-1 for SS2, respectively. The copper, zinc, and molybdenum are coordinated by oxygen in corner-sharing trigonal bipyramids that are sandwiched between layers of lanthanum cations. In the transition metal cations layer of SS2, the copper and zinc cations order into a Kagomé-like lattice of triangular clusters. The magnetism has been measured from 2 to 300 K and is highly influenced by the geometric arrangement of the CuII and ZnII cations. The number of free electrons per three Cu atoms is close to one for all samples in SS1 and SS2 indicating that the system can be well expressed by independent CuII3 clusters. Spontaneous magnetization was observed in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two solid solutions, La4Cu(3-x)Zn(x)MoO12 (0.05 < or = x < or = 0.20, SS1) and La4Cu(3-x)Zn(x)MoO12 (0.30 < or = x < or = 2.40, SS2), were synthesized at ambient pressure and at temperatures from 1025 to 1200 degrees C by traditional solid-state reactions. Their structures were determined from X-ray powder diffraction with the help of electron and neutron diffraction. The atomic arrangements of SS1 and SS2 are similar, but their space groups are different, Pmnm for SS1 and P-1 for SS2, respectively. The copper, zinc, and molybdenum are coordinated by oxygen in corner-sharing trigonal bipyramids that are sandwiched between layers of lanthanum cations. In the transition metal cations layer of SS2, the copper and zinc cations order into a Kagomé-like lattice of triangular clusters. The magnetism has been measured from 2 to 300 K and is highly influenced by the geometric arrangement of the Cu(II) and Zn(II) cations. The number of free electrons per three Cu atoms is close to one for all samples in SS1 and SS2 indicating that the system can be well expressed by independent Cu(II)3 clusters. Spontaneous magnetization was observed in the system.