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Aim: To examine the real‐world efficacy of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) in monogenic obesity in patients with Alström syndrome (ALMS). Methods: We screened 72 UK adult patients with ALMS and offered treatment to 34 patients meeting one of the following criteria: body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or higher, insulin resistance, suboptimal glycaemic control on antihyperglycaemic medications or non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results: In total, 30 patients, with a mean age of 31 ± 11 years and a male to‐female ratio of 2:1, completed 6 months of treatment with GLP‐1 RAs either in the form of semaglutide or exenatide. On average, treatment with GLP‐1 RAs reduced body weight by 5.4 ± 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6‐7) kg and HbA1c by 12 ± 3.3 (95% CI 8.7‐15.3) mmol/mol, equating to 6% weight loss (P <.01) and 1.1% absolute reduction in HbA1c (P <.01). Significant improvements were also observed in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase. The improvement of metabolic variables in our cohort of monogenic syndromic obesity was comparable with data for polygenic obesity, irrespective of weight loss. Conclusions: Data from our centre highlight the non‐inferiority of GLP‐1 RAs in monogenic syndromic obesity to the available GLP‐1 RA‐use data in polygenic obesity, therefore, these agents can be considered as a treatment option in patients with ALMS, as well as other forms of monogenic obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia, posing a heightened risk of acute pancreatitis. Recently, Volanesorsen, an APOC3 antisense oligonucleotide, gained approval for FCS treatment in the UK. Caution is advised during pregnancy due to limited safety data, although animal studies show no toxicity/teratogenicity. Two case scenarios are presented: In the first case, a patient with FCS continued Volanesorsen injections without having thrombocytopenia during an unplanned pregnancy until third trimester, maintaining triglyceride control. Upon discovering the pregnancy at 38 weeks, Volanesorsen was ceased, and a low-fat diet reinstated. Despite a heightened risk of pancreatitis, no episodes of pancreatitis occurred during the pregnancy. In the second case, stopping Volanesorsen before conception led to elevated triglycerides, and an episode of acute pancreatitis at 22 weeks, despite strict very low-fat diet and fibrate therapy from 14 weeks. At 23 weeks, Volanesorsen was reintroduced concurrently with regular therapeutic plasma exchange. No further episodes of pancreatitis occurred. In both case, fetal health was maintained throughout pregnancy, fetal scans revealed no anomalies, and planned C-sections delivered healthy babies without congenital issues. Both babies are well and developing normally at 24 and 19 months., Competing Interests: Antonio Ochoa‐Ferraro received consultant fees from AKCEA and SOBI and donated to the University Hospital Birmingham charity in full. Other authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (© 2024 The Author(s). JIMD Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of SSIEM.)