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Fast-speed and high-accuracy three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement has been the goal all along in fringe projection profilometry (FPP). The dual-frequency temporal phase unwrapping method (DF-TPU) is one of the prominent technologies to achieve this goal. However, the period number of the high-frequency pattern of existing DF-TPU approaches is usually limited by the inevitable phase errors, setting a limit to measurement accuracy. Deep-learning-based phase unwrapping methods for single-camera FPP usually require labeled data for training. In this letter, a novel self-supervised phase unwrapping method for single-camera FPP systems is proposed. The trained network can retrieve the absolute fringe order from one phase map of 64-period and overperform DF-TPU approaches in terms of depth accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the validation of the proposed method on real scenes of motion blur, isolated objects, low reflectivity, and phase discontinuity.

In terms of 3D imaging speed and system cost, the single-camera system projecting single-frequency patterns is the ideal option among all proposed Fringe Projection Profilometry (FPP) systems. This system necessitates a robust spatial phase unwrapping (SPU) algorithm. However, robust SPU remains a challenge in complex scenes. Quality-guided SPU algorithms need more efficient ways to identify the unreliable points in phase maps before unwrapping. End-to-end deep learning SPU methods face generality and interpretability problems. This paper proposes a hybrid method combining deep learning and traditional path-following for robust SPU in FPP. This hybrid SPU scheme demonstrates better robustness than traditional quality-guided SPU methods, better interpretability than end-to-end deep learning scheme, and generality on unseen data. Experiments on the real dataset of multiple illumination conditions and multiple FPP systems differing in image resolution, the number of fringes, fringe direction, and optics wavelength verify the effectiveness of the proposed method., Comment: 26 pages

A new method for the system calibration in phase-measuring profilometry (PMP) is presented. A new calibration gauge containing four virtual calibration planes is designed. With this calibration gauge, both the phase-height mapping and 3D coordinates calibration could be done simultaneously through only one measurement. Additionally, to recover continuous phase distribution of all steps with same height, an iterative procedure is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by experimental results. (Summary only available)

Two major parts of application of CAD in footwear design are studied: the development of last surface; computer-aided design of planar shoe-template. A new quasi-experiential development algorithm of last surface based on triangulation approximation is presented. This development algorithm consumes less time and does not need any interactive operation for precisely development compared with other development algorithm of last surface. Based on this algorithm, a software, SHOEMAKERTM, which contains computer aided automatic measurement, automatic development of last surface and computer aide design of shoe-template has been developed.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

A new method for both the phase-height mapping and the 3-D coordinate calibration in phase-measuring profilometry (PMP) is presented. A calibration gauge containing four virtual calibration planes is designed. The application of the calibration gauge avoids the translation of the standard plane during the calibration process. Furthermore, circular steps are designed to calibrate lateral coordinates automatically. With this calibration gauge, both the phase-height mapping and lateral coordinates calibration could be done simultaneously through only one measurement. Additionally, to recover a continuous phase distribution of all the steps with the same height, an iterative procedure is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by experimental results.