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Legacy of slavery scholarship has experienced a renaissance as of late, with researchers across numerous disciplines focusing increased attention on the long-term ramifications of America’s original sin. Using quantitative methods these researchers have found that where slavery was deeply entrenched—particularly in the South—racial inequality and Black disadvantage across numerous domains is exacerbated. While this research has contributed enormously to understanding slavery’s legacy in the South and its nefarious consequences for Black communities, little attention has been paid to the other side of slavery’s legacy of inequality—notably, the many ways White populations continue to benefit from slavery. The state’s carceral apparatus represents a significant area of such advantage and, yet, despite the genealogical linkage historians and socio-legal scholars have drawn between the two institutions, few studies empirically examine slavery’s enduring effects on modern incarceration. Using quantitative methods, this article examines whether—and, if so, how—greater slavery levels in Southern counties generates carceral advantage for contemporary White populations. Where slavery levels were once greater, White populations living in those same areas today—relative to White populations living in areas where slavery was less deeply entrenched—have accrued significant formal social control benefits in the form of lower jail incarceration rates. This effect, however, operates indirectly. Mediation analyses reveal the carceral privilege White populations enjoy in higher slave-dependent locales is generated through the advantageous shaping of White social and economic outcomes.

In diverse applications ranging from stock trading to traffic monitoring, popular data streams are typically monitored by multiple analysts for patterns of interest. These analysts may submit similar pattern mining requests, such as cluster detection queries, yet customized with different parameter settings. In this work, we present an efficient shared execution strategy for processing a large number of density-based cluster detection queries with arbitrary parameter settings. Given the high algorithmic complexity of the clustering process and the real-time responsiveness required by streaming applications, serving multiple such queries in a single system is extremely resource intensive. The naive method of detecting and maintaining clusters for different queries independently is often in-feasible in practice, as its demands on system resources increase dramatically with the cardinality of the query workload. To overcome this, we analyze the interrelations between the cluster sets identified by queries with different parameters settings, including both pattern-specific and window-specific parameters. We introduce the notion of the growth propertyamong the cluster sets identified by different queries, and characterize the conditions under which it holds. By exploiting this growth propertywe propose a uniform solution, called Chandi, which represents identified cluster sets as one single compact structure and performs integrated maintenance on them -- resulting in significant sharing of computational and memory resources. Our comprehensive experimental study, using real data streams from domains of stock trades and moving object monitoring, demonstrates that Chandiis on average four times faster than the best alternative methods, while using 85% less memory space in our test cases. It also shows that Chandiscales in handling large numbers of queries on the order of hundreds or even thousands under high input data rates.

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy usually detectable at the advanced stage, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%. It has been reported that a gene called tumor-protein 63 (TP63) is expressed in an aggressive form of pancreatic cancer with a squamous signature. Thus, inhibiting the activity of p63 can be a means of treating and managing PDA. Different studies have shown that plant constituents are rich and can be a promising source for discovering drug candidates. The extract from mistletoe (Viscum album) is known to contain anticancer compounds; however, the specific molecular mechanism of the bioactive compounds is unknown. This study examines the pancreatic cancer therapeutic potential of the bioactive compounds in the flavonoid and phenolic acid constituents of mistletoe by adopting structural bioinformatics and advanced theoretical chemistry techniques via molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) calculations, pharmacokinetic analysis, and density functional theory analysis. The six best compounds from the flavonoid constituent with the highest binding affinity ranging from −6.8 kcal/mol to −6.7 kcal/mol were selected with the control gemcitabine (−5.5 kcal/mol) for further computational analysis after molecular docking. Furthermore, MM/GBSA calculation showed the highest binding energy for the selected docked compounds, which validates their inhibitory potential. Hence, the molecular dynamics simulation, post-simulation analysis, pharmacokinetics model, and DFT results showed that mistletoe compounds are reliable due to their stable interaction with the target protein and drug-likeness properties.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

AbstractThis article explores a sizable and largely unknown manuscript treatise from the 1670s, “Pax et Obedientia,” which discusses the Civil Wars, trade, the origins of government, toleration, plantations (especially Jamaica), and the royal supremacy, embedding within it a distinctive engagement with Hobbes and a particular vision of imperial composite monarchy. This first analysis of what “Pax” said, who wrote it, and why he did so in the way that he did nuances the present understanding of Restoration debates over a centralizing empire; it reveals the different forms that policy makers thought that empire might take, while also capturing a moment of transition between different meanings of imperium. The anonymous author's engagement with Hobbes further suggests how questions that later fell into the realm of political economy were discussed at the time, using the language of natural jurisprudence. In demonstrating the methodological necessity of utilizing both linguistic and institutional contexts, the authors argue that the apparent incoherence of “Pax” reflects an essential although ineptly executed strategy on the part of its author. Inchoate though the manuscript is, it offers a significant opportunity to understand the intellectual world of junior members of the government and to reconsider the intersection of political thinking and political action.

Scholars seeking to understand the consequences of historical regimes of violence and social control frequently turn their attention to lynching and its legacy. More recently, however, a small but growing body of scholarship across the social sciences has expanded the scope of this work by additionally focusing on slavery and, most notably, its enduring negative consequences for African-Americans in the U.S. South. Despite providing a more robust understanding of slavery’s effects across numerous spheres, slavery’s legacy of social control—in particular, its link to modern law enforcement—remains a frontier in need of further investigation. Moreover, a central theoretical weakness of this historical racial violence and social control literature has been the absence of attention given to the mechanisms that are a part of slavery’s legacy. This article addresses these issues by using quantitative techniques to examine the relationship between prior slave dependence and contemporary Black-White disparities in arrest rates. In Southern counties where slave dependence was greater in the past, today there exists greater disparities in the Black-White arrest rate for drug and violent crime related offenses. While slavery exerts direct effects, its legacy also persists indirectly by shaping population distributions and local levels of interracial threat and structural disadvantages facing minority communities. This article establishes empirically the extent to which dehumanizing institutions like slavery continue to blight state-run social control apparatuses in the South—notably law enforcement—and develops theoretical explanations of the mechanisms that are a part of slavery’s legacy.

Presentation of a 62-year-old man with baseline chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the hospital with dyspnea and newly diagnosed COVID-19 infection. CT scan of the chest was obtained to rule out pulmonary embolism. This revealed a mural thrombus of the inner curvature of the aortic arch with a floating component. Therapeutic full dose anticoagulation was initiated in combination with close clinical observation and treatment for modest hypoxia. He did well for 1 month and then returned with ischemic rest pain of the right foot. Angiography revealed thrombosis of all 3 tibial arteries in the right leg. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy with tissue plasminogen activator injection and angioplasty was performed with success in 1 tibial artery to achieve in line flow to the foot. After continued anticoagulation, the remainder of the tibial arteries autolysed and the aortic thrombus was noted to be resolved 4 months later. A brief pathophysiology discussion is included.