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In this paper, we introduce a geometric flow for Lagrangian submanifolds in a K\"ahler manifold that stays in its initial Hamiltonian isotopy class and is a gradient flow for volume. The stationary solutions are the Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian submanifolds. The flow is not strictly parabolic but it corresponds to a fourth order strictly parabolic scalar equation in the cotangent bundle of the submanifold via Weinstein's Lagrangian neighborhood theorem. For any compact initial Lagrangian immersion, we establish short-time existence, uniqueness, and higher order estimates when the second fundamental forms are uniformly bounded up to time $T$., Comment: 32 pages

In this paper, we prove that any $C^{1}$-regular Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian submanifold in a symplectic manifold is smooth. More broadly, we develop a regularity theory for a class of fourth order nonlinear elliptic equations with two distributional derivatives. Our fourth order regularity theory originates in the geometrically motivated variational problem for the volume functional, but should have applications beyond.

In this paper, we show $C^{2,\alpha}$ interior estimates for viscosity solutions of fully non-linear, uniformly elliptic equations, which are close to linear equations and we also compute an explicit bound for the closeness.

For a sequence of immersed connected closed Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian submaniolds in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ with uniform bounds on their volumes and the total extrinsic curvatures, we prove that a subsequence converges either to a point or to a Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian $n$-varifold locally uniformly in $C^{k}$ for any nonnegative integer $k$ away from a finite set of points, and the limit is Hamiltonian stationary in ${\mathbb{C}}^{n}$. We also obtain a theorem on extending Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian submanifolds $L$ across a compact set $N$ of Hausdorff codimension at least 2 that is locally noncollapsing in volumes matching its Hausdorff dimension, provided the mean curvature of $L$ is in $L^{n}$ and a condition on local volume of $L$ near $N$ is satisfied., Comment: 27 pages

We consider the Hamiltonian stationary equation for all phases in dimension two. We show that solutions that are $C^{1,1}$ will be smooth and we also derive a $C^{2,\alpha}$ estimate for it.

Nash`s classical bargaining solution suggests that n players in a non-cooperative bargaining situation should find a solution that maximizes the product of each player's utility functions. We consider a special case: Suppose that the players are chosen from a continuum distribution $\mu$ and suppose they are to divide up a resource $\nu$ that is also on a continuum. The utility to each player is determined by the exponential of a distance type function. The maximization problem becomes an optimal transport type problem, where the target density is the minimizer to the functional \[ F(\beta)=H_{\nu}(\beta)+W^{2}(\mu,\beta) \] where $H_{\nu}(\beta)$ is the entropy and $W^{2}$ is the 2-Wasserstein distance. This minimization problem is also solved in the Jordan-Kinderlehrer-Otto scheme. Thanks to optimal transport theory, the solution may be described by a potential that solves a fourth order nonlinear elliptic PDE, similar to Abreu's equation. Using the PDE, we prove solutions are smooth when the measures have smooth positive densities., Comment: 19 pages

We consider nonlinear fourth order elliptic equations of double divergence type. We show that for a certain class of equations where the nonlinearity is in the Hessian, solutions that are C^{2,alpha} enjoy interior estimates on all derivatives.

We consider smooth radial solutions to the Hamiltonian stationary equation which are defined away from the origin. We show that in dimension two all radial solutions on unbounded domains must be special Lagrangian. In contrast, for all higher dimensions there exist non-special Lagrangian radial solutions over unbounded domains; moreover, near the origin, the gradient graph of such a solution is continuous if and only if the graph is special Lagrangian., Comment: 17 pages

We prove a Morrey-type theorem for Hamiltonian stationary submanifolds of $\mathbb{C}^{n}$. Namely, if $L$ $\subset$ $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ is a $C^{1}$ Lagrangian submanifold with weakly harmonic Lagrangian phase $\theta,$ then $L$ must be smooth. In the process we also discuss a local version of the equation, which is a nonlinear fourth order double divergence equation of the potential function whose gradient graph defines the Hamiltonian stationary submanifolds locally, and we establish full regularity and removability of singular sets of capacity zero for weak solutions with $C^{1,1}$ norm below a dimensional constant., Comment: 28 pages. Title and other cosmetic revisions from version 1

Motivated by Legendrian curve shortening flows in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$, we study the curve shortening flow of figure-eight curves in the plane. We show that, under some symmetry and curvature conditions, a figure-eight curve will shrink to a point at the first singular time.

Using an rotation of Yuan, we observe that the gradient graph of any semiconvex function is a Liouville manifold, that is, does not admit bounded harmonic functions. As a corollary, we find that any entire solution of the fourth order Hamiltonian stationary equation with Lagrangian phase angle uniformly larger than the critical angle must be a quadratic.

We use the framework used by Bakry and Emery in their work on logarithmic Sobolev inequalities to define a notion of coarse Ricci curvature on smooth metric measure spaces alternative to the notion proposed by Y. Ollivier. This function can be used to recover the Ricci tensor on smooth Riemannian manifolds by the formula $$ \mathrm{Ric}(\gamma^{\prime}\left( 0\right) ,\gamma^{\prime}\left( 0\right) )=\frac{1}{2}\frac{d^{2}}{ds^{2}}\mathrm{Ric}_{\Delta_g}(x,\gamma\left( s\right) )$$ for any curve $\gamma(s).$, Comment: 12 pages. A previous post arXiv:1410.3351 by the same authors has been expanded and split into 3 parts

For an embedded submanifold $\Sigma\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}$, Belkin and Niyogi showed that one can approximate the Laplacian operator using heat kernels. Using a definition of coarse Ricci curvature derived by iterating Laplacians, we approximate the coarse Ricci curvature of submanifolds $\Sigma$ in the same way. For this purpose, we derive asymptotics for the approximation of the Ricci curvature proposed in [AW19]. Specifically, we prove Proposition 3.2 in [AW19]., Comment: 47 pages. Significantly more details presented then previous versions

We show that convex entire solutions to Donaldson's equation are quadratic, using a result of Weiyong He. We also exhibit entire solutions to the Donaldson equation that are not of the form discussed by He. In the process we discover some non-trivial entire solutions to complex Monge-Amp\`{e}re equations.

For $2k \leq n+1$, we exhibit non-polynomial solutions to the Hessian equation \[ \sigma_{k}(D^{2}u)=1 \] on all of $\mathbb{R}^{n}.$

Consider a sample of $n$ points taken i.i.d from a submanifold $\Sigma$ of Euclidean space. We show that there is a way to estimate the Ricci curvature of $\Sigma$ with respect to the induced metric from the sample. Our method is grounded in the notions of Carr\'e du Champ for diffusion semi-groups, the theory of Empirical processes and local Principal Component Analysis., Comment: 47 pages

We establish Evans-Krylov estimates for certain nonconvex fully nonlinear elliptic and parabolic equations by exploiting partial Legendre transformations. The equations under consideration arise in part from the study of the "pluriclosed flow" introduced by the first author and Tian, Comment: 21 pages

We discuss equations associated to Cournot-Nash Equilibria as put forward recently by Blanchet and Carlier. These equations are related to an optimal transport problem in which the source measure is known, but the target measure is part of the problem. The resulting equation is a Monge-Amp\`ere type with possible nonlocal terms. If the cost function is of a particular form, the equation is vulnerable to standard optimal transportation PDE techniques, with some modifications to deal with the new terms. We give some conditions on the problem from which we can conclude that solutions are smooth.

We give sufficient conditions on initial and target measures supported on the sphere $\S^n$ to ensure the solution to the optimal transport problem with the cost $|x-y|^2/2$ is a diffeomorphism., Comment: 15 pages. Added gradient estimate depending on Wasserstein distance (see section 5)

We study a parabolic equation for finding solutions to the optimal transport problem on compact Riemannian manifolds with general cost functions. We show that if the cost satisfies the strong MTW condition and the stay-away singularity property, then the solution to the parabolic flow with any appropriate initial condition exists for all time and it converges exponentially to the solution to the optimal transportation problem. Such results hold in particular, on the sphere for the distance squared cost of the round metric and for the far-field reflector antenna cost, among others., Comment: 20 pages

If the cost function is not too far from the Euclidean cost, then the optimal map transporting Gaussians restricted to a ball will be regular. \ Similarly, given any cost function which is smooth in a neighborhood of two points on a manifold, there are small neighborhoods near each such that a Gaussian restricted to one is transported smoothly to a Gaussian on the other, Comment: 12 pages

On compact manifolds which are not simply connected, we prove the existence of "fake" solutions to the optimal transportion problem. These maps preserve volume and arise as the exponential of a closed 1 form, hence appear geometrically like optimal transport maps. The set of such solutions forms a manifold with dimension given by the first Betti number of the manifold. In the process, we prove a Hodge-Helmholtz decomposition for vector fields. The ideas are motivated by the analogies between special Lagrangian submanifolds and solutions to optimal transport problems., Comment: cleaned up a little from previous version

The purpose of this note is to show that the solution to the Kantorovich optimal transportation problem is supported on a Lipschitz manifold, provided the cost is $C^{2}$ with non-singular mixed second derivative. We use this result to provide a simple proof that solutions to Monge's optimal transportation problem satisfy a change of variables equation almost everywhere.

Given a transportation cost $c: M \times\bar M \to\mathbf{R}$, optimal maps minimize the total cost of moving masses from $M$ to $\bar M$. We find a pseudo-metric and a calibration form on $M\times\bar M$ such that the graph of an optimal map is a calibrated maximal submanifold. We define the mass of space-like currents in spaces with indefinite metrics., Comment: 14 Pages. More thorough proofs and different exposition from the last version. The name is slightly changed.

We show that on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary there exists $u \in C^{\infty}(M)$ such that, $u_{|\partial M} \equiv 0$ and $u$ solves the $\sigma_k$-Ricci problem. In the case $k = n$ the metric has negative Ricci curvature. Furthermore, we show the existence of a complete conformally related metric on the interior solving the $\sigma_k$-Ricci problem. By adopting results of Mazzeo-Pacard, we show an interesting relationship between the complete metrics we construct and the existence of Poincar\'e-Einstein metrics. Finally we give a brief discussion of the corresponding questions in the case of positive curvature., Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures. LaTeX error in abstract fixed

We derive a priori interior Hessian and gradient estimates for special Lagrangian equation of phase at least a critical value in dimension three., Comment: 29 pages. Submitted

We derive a priori interior Hessian estimates for the special Lagrangian equation $\sigma_{2}=1$ in dimension three., Comment: 15 pages. Submitted

We derive explicit, uniform, a priori interior Hessian and gradient estimates for special Lagrangian equations of all phases in dimension two., Comment: 14 pages

We derive a Liouville type result for special Lagrangian equations with certain "convexity" and restricted linear growth assumptions on the solutions., Comment: 11 pages. Version to appear in CPDE

We show the volume maximizing property of the special Lagrangian submanifolds of a pseudo-Euclidean space. These special Lagrangian submanifolds arise locally as gradient graphs of solutions to Monge-Ampere Equations., Comment: 18 pages. typos corrected