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We report on the design of a cryogenic setup for trapped ion quantum computing containing a segmented surface electrode trap. The heat shield of our cryostat is designed to attenuate alternating magnetic field noise, resulting in 120 dB reduction of 50 Hz noise along the magnetic field axis. We combine this efficient magnetic shielding with high optical access required for single ion addressing as well as for efficient state detection by placing two lenses each with numerical aperture 0.23 inside the inner heat shield. The cryostat design incorporates vibration isolation to avoid decoherence of optical qubits due to the motion of the cryostat. We measure vibrations of the cryostat of less than ±20 nm over 2 s. In addition to the cryogenic apparatus, we describe the setup required for an operation with 40Ca+ and 88Sr+ ions. The instability of the laser manipulating the optical qubits in 40Ca+ is characterized by yielding a minimum of its Allan deviation of 2.4 ⋅ 10-15 at 0.33 s. To evaluate the performance of the apparatus, we trapped 40Ca+ ions, obtaining a heating rate of 2.14(16) phonons/s and a Gaussian decay of the Ramsey contrast with a 1/e-time of 18.2(8) ms.

To investigate the psychosocial burden during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and its association with metabolic control. Prospective multicenter observational cohort study based on data from the German Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry. Adolescents aged 12–20 years with type 1 diabetes were asked during routine follow-up visits to complete a questionnaire on psychosocial distress and daily use of electronic media during the COVID-19 pandemic from June 2021 to November 2022. Well-being, anxiety, and depression symptoms were assessed using World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), General Anxiety Disorder scale 7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 questionnaires. The impact of mental health symptoms on metabolic control was analyzed by using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sex, diabetes duration, treatment, socioeconomic deprivation, and immigrant background. Six hundred eighty eight adolescents (45.6% females) from 20 diabetes centers participated. Compared with a prepandemic cohort, WHO-5 scores were lower during the COVID-19 pandemic (estimated mean difference −9.6 [95% confidence interval -11.6; −7.6], p <.001), but GAD-7 scores were not different (estimated mean difference 0.6 [95% confidence interval -0.2; 1.5], p =.14). HbA 1c was significantly positively associated with GAD-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and negatively associated with WHO-5 scores (all p <.001). Daily electronic media use was positively associated with adjusted mental health symptoms (all p <.01). Although the overall well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes was reduced during the later phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the additional psychological burden was relatively low. However, mental health symptoms were associated with poorer metabolic control and higher use of electronic media. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of adolescents is of great concern, especially in the vulnerable group of adolescents with chronic medical conditions. The aim of this study was to examine this impact on the mental health of adolescents with chronic medical conditions treated in a German pediatric outpatient clinic. Changes in the mental health status of adolescents with chronic medical conditions treated in a German pediatric outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic were explored via validated screening tools for anxiety and depression. The relative risk for adolescents with chronic medical conditions to develop clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety or depression was significantly higher (odds ratio 1,78 [confidence interval 1.06–3.04]) during the pandemic. This study identifies the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential additional risk for adolescents with chronic medical conditions to develop clinically relevant signs of anxiety or depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic provided a context associated with negative consequences for body image and eating behavior. However, little is known about what factors helped to mitigate these consequences and build a positive body image. Previous research pointed to the significance of body image flexibility and perceived body acceptance by others in predicting body appreciation. However, as most of the studies have been cross-sectional, causal relationships are poorly understood. This longitudinal study tested the reciprocal association between body appreciation, body image flexibility, and perceived body acceptance by others during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. We analyzed data from a large community sample consisting of 1436 women and 704 men who were invited to complete the study measures (BAS-2, BI-AAQ-5, BAOS-2) at three time points, each approximately six months apart. Latent cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that greater T1 body appreciation predicted an increase in T2 body image flexibility among both genders, while for women, we additionally observed reciprocal effects between T2 and T3. Among both genders, we further found that greater body appreciation predicted increased perceived body acceptance by others over both measurement intervals (but not vice versa). Our findings are discussed in light of pandemical constraints during the studies' assessments. • A German version of the BI-AAQ-5 and the BAOS-2 was developed to assess study variables. • Among women, body appreciation was reciprocally related to body image flexibility. • Among men, higher body appreciation predicted increased body image flexibility (but not vice versa). • Among women and men, body appreciation predicted increased perceived body acceptance by others (but not vice versa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a representative sample of the German general population (N = 2509, 16–74 years), this work aimed to cross-validate the modified one-factor model recently reported for the German Body Appreciation Scale 2 (BAS-2). We also examined measurement invariance across gender, tested differential item functioning across age and BMI, systematically evaluated subgroup differences, and provided norms according to subgroups. Overall, the BAS-2 demonstrates good internal consistency. Cross-validation supported the generalizability of the modified one-factor model. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses supported full scalar invariance across gender; comparisons revealed higher scores among men compared to women with a small effect size. Age (only women) and BMI (both genders) significantly predicted latent BAS-2 scores. Of note, differential item functioning for age and BMI was observed. Concerning manifest group differences, we found a significant main effect of weight status: Individuals with obesity reported the lowest body appreciation levels, while individuals with underweight/ normal weight reported highest levels. Our findings suggest that the German BAS-2 has good psychometric properties and is suitable for examining body appreciation across gender among German women and men. Moreover, norm values enable future usage of the scale in health and clinical research by providing reference data for interpretation. • The factor structure of the German Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2) was replicated. • German BAS-2 scores showed full scalar invariance across gender. • German BAS-2 scores significantly differed across gender with a small effect size. • Differential item functioning was revealed for age and BMI. • Population-based normative data for the German BAS-2 were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the WHO-5 tool in pediatric and young adult subjects with type 1 diabetes, and to analyse associations with demographic/psychological characteristics. We included 944 patients with type 1 diabetes 9–25 years of age, documented in the Diabetes Patient Follow-up Registry between 2018 and 2021. We used ROC curve analysis to determine optimal cut-off values for the WHO-5 scores to predict psychiatric comorbidity (ICD-10-diagnoses) and analysed associations with obesity, HbA1c, therapy regimen, and lifestyle via logistic regression. All models were adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes duration. In the total cohort (54.8% male), the median score was 17 [Q1-Q3: 13–20]. Adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes duration, the WHO-5 scores<13 were associated with psychiatric comorbidity, especially depression and ADHD, poor metabolic control, obesity, smoking, and less physical activity. There were no significant associations with therapy regimen, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or social deprivation. In subjects with any diagnosed psychiatric disorder (prevalence 12.2%), the odds ratio for conspicuous scores was 3.28 [2.16–4.97] compared to patients without mental disorders. Using ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off to anticipate any psychiatric comorbidity in our cohort was 15, and 14 for depression. The WHO-5 questionnaire is a useful tool to predict depression in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. ROC analysis suggests a slightly higher cut-off for conspicuous questionnaire results compared to previous reports. Due to the high rate of deviant results, adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes should be screened regularly for signs of psychiatric comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The one-dimensional factor structure of the German BAS-2 was supported. • German BAS-2 scores showed partial scalar invariance across gender. • German BAS-2 scores showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. • German BAS-2 scores showed convergent validity and incremental validity. • Women and men did not significantly differ in BAS-2 latent mean scores. The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is the most current measure of body appreciation, a central facet of positive body image. This work aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of a German version. In Study 1 (N = 659; M age = 27.19, SD = 8.57), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that the German BAS-2 has a one-dimensional factor structure in women and men, showing cross-gender factor similarity. In Study 2 (N = 472; M age = 30.08, SD = 12.35), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further supported the original scale's one-dimensional factor structure after freeing correlated errors. The German BAS-2 also showed partial scalar invariance across gender, with women and men not differing significantly in latent mean scores. As predicted, we found convergent relationships with measures of self-esteem, intuitive eating, and variables associated with negative body image (i.e., weight- and shape concerns, drive for thinness). Correlations with BMI were small and in an inverse direction. Incremental validity was demonstrated by predicting self-esteem and intuitive eating over and above measures of negative body image. Additionally, the German BAS-2 showed internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability. Overall, our results suggest that the German BAS-2 is a psychometrically sound instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]