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Resilience is the capability to promptly recover from damage caused by a disturbance. In recent years, “resilience engineering” has been drawing attention as a new concept in the disaster prevention and crisis management field. Resilience engineering is a method for improving resilience through actions and responses on a case-by-case basis. It is based around social and technological systems, and includes both individuals and organizations. When a system encounters an unprecedented situation, this method involves avoiding the worst-case scenario based on “responding ability,” “monitoring ability,” “anticipating ability,” and “learning ability.” This paper introduces an application case for early recovery planning related to road networks damaged by an earthquake using the resilience engineering method. It also discusses the utility of the resilience engineering method and its future deployment for increasing disaster resilience.

Objective: We investigated the psychological distress of school teachers using a 6-item instrument (the K6) in Kagawa prefecture, Japan. Methods: A total of 670 school teachers (328 men and 342 women) were analyzed in this cross-sectional investigation study. The association between psychological distress and clinical factors was evaluated by using the K6 instrument, with psychological distress defined as 13 or more points out of a total of 24 points. Results: A total of 55 teachers (8.2%) were classified as having psychological distress. No significant relationships between the K6 score and sex, age, duration of experience as a teacher, school grade and title were noted. The K6 score in teachers with consciousness of suicide among students was higher than that without, but not at a significant level. Conclusion: Some teachers were defined as having psychological distress in Kagawa prefecture, Japan. However, no relevant effects of basic characteristics such as age and sex on psychological distress were recognized.

When traffic accident occurs on urban expressway network, lifesaving activity with emergency car is important that promptly executes arrival at the scene of the accident and transportation to a hospital. The execution of the lifesaving activity requires a lot of time by the cause such as traffic jam after accident occurs. Therefore, the fire fighting organization and the urban expressway organization should examine method of executing prompt the lifesaving activity even when traffic jam occurred by frequently executing the lifesaving training that assumes situation when the accident occurs. However, it is difficult on both sides of time and the cost to actually execute lifesaving activity in urban expressway. Then, in this study, we examined prompt lifesaving activity in urban expressway by using the traffic simulation system developed by authors. Specifically, by reproducing situation that the traffic accident occurs on urban expressway and the lifesaving activity executes with the system, we measured the arrival time that emergency car arrives at the scene of the accident. And, we examined the expected lifesaving effects by using the concept of Golden Hour Principle that shows relation between passage time since the injury and mortality rate, we made the problem of the present lifesaving activity clear. In addition, we proved that a lifesaving possibility improved by shortening time that the emergency car enters in the expressway.

We evaluated the psychological distress using a scale of the K6, the 6-item scale of psychological distress on public health nurse in Kagawa prefecture, Japan. We send the questionnaire to all public health nurses (n = 419) in Kagawa prefecture. Then, a total of 256 public health nurses (1 man and 255 women), had completely answered the questionnaires, were analyzed in a cross-sectional investigation study. The association between psychological distress and considerable factors were evaluated by using the K6, with psychological distress defined as 13 or more points out of a total of 24 points. A total of 15 public health nurses (5.9%) were defined as psychological distress. Clear relationships between the K6 score and age, experience duration as public health nurse were not noted. The K6 score in subjects with anxiety of preventing suicide was significantly higher than that without. In addition, the K6 score in subjects who feel their own mental status was excellent was also lower than that in subjects without that. In conclusion, some factors might be associated with psychological distress, as assessed by the K6, in public health nurse in Kagawa prefecture, Japan.

Objective: We evaluated the psychological distress of medical doctor using a 6-item instrument (the K6) in Kagawa prefecture, Japan. Methods: A total of 284 medical doctors (236 men and 48 women) were analyzed in a cross-sectional investigation study. The association between psychological distress and clinical factors were evaluated by the K6 instrument, with psychological distress defined as 13 or more points out of a total of 24 points. Results: A total of 17 doctors (6.0%) as defined as psychological distress. The significant relationships between the K6 score and age, experience duration as clinician were not noted. The K6 score in subjects with consciousness of suicide was significantly higher than that without. In addition, the K6 score in subjects without cooperation with specialists was higher than those without, but not at a significant level. Conclusions: Some factors i.e. consciousness of suicide and cooperation with specialists might be associated with psychological distress, as assessed by the K6 instrument, in medical doctor in Kagawa prefecture, Japan.

Reflecting the recent social background where the importance of bridge landscape design is recognized and the new business style of citizen-involved infrastructure development has started, there has been a growing need of design where aesthetic feeling of actual users is reflected. In this research, a focus has been placed on the Kansei engineering technique where users' needs are reflected on product development. A questionnaire survey has been conducted for bridge engineers who are most intensively involved in design work and students as actual users. The result was analyzed by factor analysis and the Hayashi's quantification methods (category I). A tool required at consensus-building occasions has been created to change design elements and display accompanying evaluation difference while using the Kansei database.

In this study, a system of scene evaluation and the computer-aided design of girder bridge is proposed for quick response in an agreement formation stage using XML which can also peruse the Internet using the analysis result by the sensitivity engineering technique of girder bridge. In addition, the example of a bridge and the display method of a score which agreed as a policy for supporting a scene design in the evaluation simulation and two or more design concepts accompanying category change were proposed. Moreover, in order to examine the usefulness of the built system, comparison with the example of a scene design of a real bridge was tried, and the validity of an output result was considered.

After the great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, we started the discussion about the combination of measures on earthquake. For example, one is to strengthen the design specification with earthquake. The other is how to evacuate after the occurrence of earthquake. In this study, we try to consider the combination of two required functions by the idea of multi state system (MSS). And we define the reliability of evacuation. Completed evacuation time is calculated by simulation. The reliability of evacuation is shown by the probability that completed evacuation time becomes shorter than required evacuation time. Then, we define the reliability estimation matrix using required evacuation time, number of sign, number of evacuation and so on.

技術基準の性能規定化と国際標準への整合化の潮流の中で，「性能設計における土木構造物に対する作用の指針」（作用指針）が2008年3月に発刊された．この作用指針は，土木構造物荷重指針連合小委員会が，性能設計実現の基本となる設計荷重設定への基礎資料を与えることを目的に策定したもので，Code PLATFORM ver.1に定める性能設計の考え方に基づき，各種設計基準における作用に関する記述の体系化と標準化をはかったものである．この作用指針は，今後の性能設計体系確立のための一翼をになうものとして期待されている．本報は，作用指針を策定した背景，作用指針の概要，今後の展望について概説するものである．