12 results on '"Water lead"'
Search Results
2. A novel public health threat – high lead solder in stainless steel rainwater tanks in Tasmania
- Author
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Kerryn Lodo, Cameron Dalgleish, Mahomed Patel, and Mark Veitch
- Subjects
blood lead ,water lead ,contamination ,water tank ,drinking water ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Objective: We identified two water tanks in Tasmania with water lead concentrations exceeding the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) limit; they had been constructed with stainless steel and high‐lead solder from a single manufacturer. An investigation was initiated to identify all tanks constructed by this manufacturer and prevent further exposure to contaminated water. Methods: To identify water tanks we used sales accounts, blood and water lead results from laboratories, and media. We analysed blood and water lead concentration results from laboratories and conducted a nested cohort study of blood lead concentrations in children aged
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Assessment of Regional Lead Contamination in Delhi NCR, distribution, source apportionment, and Human Health Risks.
- Author
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VERMA, RAVENDRA, MADAN, SWATI, and RAJPUT, SATYENDRA K.
- Subjects
- *
LEAD & the environment , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of lead , *INDUSTRY & the environment , *PUBLIC health , *HYDROLOGIC cycle , *HEALTH risk assessment - Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the important heavy metals responsible for human health deterioration. The Delhi NCR host a number of companies related to mining, mineral, engineering, machines, construction, etc. The presence of industries exposes the residents to the harsh chemicals. Lead is excreted in the water sources by the Industries in the Delhi NCR region. The lead from the Industries reaches the human body via the water cycle. The present study attempts to assess the health risk from the presence of lead in the population of Delhi NCR associated with age, gender, residential area, and disease In Delhl-NCR using GTA-Atomlc Absorption Spectroscopy. Correlations were found between the lead concentration In blood and water. The lead concentration In blood and lead concentration In water also showed correlations with the region from which the samples were taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
4. Drinking water lead and socioeconomic factors as predictors of blood lead levels in New Jersey's children between two time periods.
- Author
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Gleason, Jessie A., Nanavaty, Jaydeep V., and Fagliano, Jerald A.
- Subjects
- *
DRINKING water , *LEAD in water , *CHILDREN'S health , *BLOOD , *PEDIATRIC epidemiology - Abstract
Abstract As blood lead levels have decreased over time, the relative contributions of alternative lead sources warrant further examination. Much attention has been paid to the relative contribution of lead in drinking water, particularly after the discovery of contaminated drinking water in Flint, Michigan which has also renewed interest in the persistent socioeconomic and racial disparities in children's exposure to lead. As the environmental sources of lead exposure are shifting in importance over time, we decided to examine how demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors may confound or interact with each other, and whether these relationships have changed over time. The study population included all New Jersey resident children aged 6–26 months with at least one blood lead specimen collected between 2000 and 2004 (n = 288,758) or 2010 and 2014 (n = 326,530). Reported 90th percentile water lead data (in parts per billion) was summarized annually for each water system statewide. Children's blood lead levels have decreased over time from a statewide geometric mean of 2.47 µg/dL (95% CI 2.46, 2.48) between 2000 and 2004 to 1.57 µg/dL (95% CI 1.57, 1.57) between 2010 and 2014. Individual-level factors of child's age and season of blood draw and area-based measures of race, older housing, and poverty were predictors of children's blood lead levels. Conclusions regarding area-based measure of Hispanic ethnicity are limited and require further research. The narrow range and low levels of area-based lead concentrations in drinking water limits the ability to detect associations with blood lead levels. Racial disparities in blood lead continue to persist but economic disparities may be narrowing as blood lead concentrations continue to decline. Highlights • Estimated associations with area-based predictors and childhood blood lead levels. • Compared two time periods to assess changes in the contributions of predictors. • Limited ability to detect associations with area-based drinking water lead and blood lead levels. • Racial and economic disparities in blood lead continue to persist but gaps may be narrowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A novel public health threat – high lead solder in stainless steel rainwater tanks in Tasmania
- Author
-
Mahomed Patel, Mark Veitch, Cameron Dalgleish, and Kerryn Lodo
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,blood lead ,Rain ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Tasmania ,Rainwater harvesting ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,contamination ,Water Supply ,Humans ,Water tanks ,Child ,Lead (electronics) ,Aged ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Aged, 80 and over ,Waste management ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,fungi ,water lead ,drinking water ,Infant, Newborn ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Infant ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Middle Aged ,Contamination ,Stainless Steel ,020801 environmental engineering ,Contaminated water ,water tank ,Lead ,Child, Preschool ,Soldering ,Environmental science ,Female ,Public Health - Abstract
Objective: We identified two water tanks in Tasmania with water lead concentrations exceeding the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) limit; they had been constructed with stainless steel and high‐lead solder from a single manufacturer. An investigation was initiated to identify all tanks constructed by this manufacturer and prevent further exposure to contaminated water. Methods: To identify water tanks we used sales accounts, blood and water lead results from laboratories, and media. We analysed blood and water lead concentration results from laboratories and conducted a nested cohort study of blood lead concentrations in children aged
- Published
- 2018
6. Lead contamination in French children's homes and environment
- Author
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Lucas, Jean-Paul, Le Bot, Barbara, Glorennec, Philippe, Etchevers, Anne, Bretin, Philippe, Douay, Francis, Sébille, Véronique, Bellanger, Lise, and Mandin, Corinne
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL exposure , *CHILDREN'S health , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of lead , *LEAD in water , *LEAD in soils , *LEAD based paint , *DUST , *DWELLINGS - Abstract
Lead in homes is a well-known source of childhood lead exposure, which is still of concern due to the health effects of low lead doses. This study aims to describe lead contamination in the homes of children aged 6 months to 6 years in France (without overseas). Between October 2008 and August 2009, 484 housing units were investigated. Lead in tap water and total and leachable lead levels from floor dust, outdoor soils and paint chips were measured. X-ray fluorescence measurements were carried out on non-metallic and metallic substrates. Nationwide results are provided. The indoor floor dust lead (PbD) geometric mean (GM) was 8.8μg/m² (0.8μg/ft²) and 6.8μg/m² (0.6μg/ft²) for total and leachable lead respectively; 0.21% of homes had an indoor PbD loading above 430.5μg/m² (40μg/ft²). The outdoor play area concentration GM was 33.5mg/kg and 21.7mg/kg in total and leachable lead respectively; 1.4% of concentrations were higher than or equal to 400mg/kg. Outdoor floor PbD GM was 44.4μg/m² (4.1μg/ft²) that was approximately 3.2 times higher than the GM of indoor PbD. Lead-based paint (LBP) was present in 25% of dwellings, LBP on only non-metallic substrates was present in 19% of homes and on metallic substrates in 10% of dwellings. The GM of lead concentrations in tap water was below 1μg/L; 58% of concentrations were lower than 1μg/L and 2.9% were higher than or equal to 10μg/L. The age cut-off for homes with lead would be 1974 for paint and 1993 for indoor floor dust. This study provides, for the first time, a look at the state of lead contamination to which children are exposed in French housing. Moreover, it provides policy makers an estimate of the number of French dwellings sheltering children where abatement should be conducted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Water lead exposure risk in Flint, Michigan after switchback in water source: Implications for lead service line replacement policy.
- Author
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Zahran, Sammy, Mushinski, David, McElmurry, Shawn P., and Keyes, Christopher
- Subjects
- *
LEAD in water , *RISK exposure , *GALVANIZED steel , *WATER , *DEFINITIONS - Abstract
In February of 2016, the City of Flint, Michigan commenced the FAST start initiative with the aim "to get the lead out of Flint" by replacing lead and galvanized steel service lines throughout the city. An estimated 29,100 parcels are scheduled for service line replacement (SLR) at an expected cost of $172 million. The lead exposure benefits of SLR are evaluated by analyzing Sentinel data on hundreds of repeatedly sampled homes in Flint from February 16, 2016 to July 21, 2017, comparing water lead (WL) in homes with and without lead service lines. Samples taken from homes with lead service lines were significantly more likely to exceed specified thresholds of WL than homes without lead service lines. Second, regardless of service line material type, sampled homes experienced significant reductions in WL with elapsed time from Flint's switchback to water provided by the Detroit Water and Sewage Department. Third, the risk of exceedance of WL > 15 μg/L was uncorrelated with service line material type. These results are robust to sample restrictions, period stratification, time operations, reference group definitions, and statistical modeling procedures. On the question of what is gained from SLR over optimal corrosion control techniques, we simulated age-specific lead uptake (μg/day) and blood lead levels (μg/dL) for children in Flint at 16 and 90 weeks of elapsed time from Flint's switchback to Detroit water. At 90 weeks from the switchback in water source, the quantity of water lead consumed by children in homes with lead service lines decreased 93%, as compared to 16 weeks. Lead exposure benefits of SLR have declined in time, with modest differences in lead uptake across homes with different service lines. In light of results, policy considerations for Flint and nationwide are discussed. • Risk of water lead exposure across households varies by service line type. • Lead service lines are more risky than galvanized steel and other material service lines. • The risk of water lead exposure declined discernably in time for all service line types. • The effect of the passage of time is most evident at lower thresholds of water lead concentration. • The risk of exceedance of WLL >15 μgPb/L is likely governed by factors other than service line material type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Editorial: Lead Risk Assessment and Health Effects
- Author
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Howard W. Mielke
- Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,lcsh:Medicine ,Context (language use) ,Soil lead ,010501 environmental sciences ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Scientific evidence ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lead (geology) ,Environmental protection ,air lead ,Primary prevention ,Humans ,Industry ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cities ,Environmental planning ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Habitability ,water lead ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,United States ,Editorial ,Geography ,Lead ,soil lead ,Environmental Pollutants ,global lead issues ,Risk assessment - Abstract
In 1980, Clair C. Patterson stated: “Sometime in the near future it probably will be shown that the older urban areas of the United States have been rendered more or less uninhabitable by the millions of tons of poisonous industrial lead residues that have accumulated in cities during the past century”. We live in the near future about which this quote expressed concern. This special volume of 19 papers explores the status of scientific evidence regarding Dr. Patterson’s statement on the habitability of the environments of communities. Authors from 10 countries describe a variety of lead issues in the context of large and small communities, smelter sites, lead industries, lead-based painted houses, and vehicle fuel treated with lead additives dispersed by traffic. These articles represent the microcosm of the larger health issues associated with lead. The challenges of lead risk require a concerted global action for primary prevention.
- Published
- 2016
9. Changes in blood lead and water lead in Edinburgh. An eight year follow-up to the Edinburgh lead study
- Author
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Macintyre, Cecilia, Fulton, Mary, Hepburn, Wilma, Yang, Shuying, Raab, Gillian, Davis, Steve, Heap, Michael, Halls, David, and Fell, Gordon
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Lead contamination in French children's homes and environment
- Author
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Jean-Paul Lucas, Lise Bellanger, Barbara Le Bot, Véronique Sébille, Anne Etchevers, Corinne Mandin, Philippe Glorennec, Philippe Bretin, Francis Douay, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Biostatistique, Recherche Clinique et Mesures Subjectives en Santé, Université de Nantes (UN), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Laboratoire d'étude et de recherche en environnement et santé (LERES), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray (LMJL), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,MESH: Environmental Exposure ,Soil lead ,010501 environmental sciences ,MESH: Paint ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,MESH: Dust ,Toxicology ,Tap water ,Water lead ,MESH: Child ,Paint ,Humans ,Soil Pollutants ,Child ,Lead (electronics) ,Housing survey ,Lead paint ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Dust lead ,MESH: Soil Pollutants ,MESH: Humans ,Dust ,Environmental Exposure ,Contamination ,MESH: Housing ,MESH: France ,MESH: Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Lead ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Lead exposure ,Housing ,Environmental science ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,France ,MESH: Air Pollution, Indoor ,MESH: Environmental Monitoring ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,MESH: Lead ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
International audience; Lead in homes is a well-known source of childhood lead exposure, which is still of concern due to the health effects of low lead doses. This study aims to describe lead contamination in the homes of children aged 6 months to 6 years in France (without overseas). Between October 2008 and August 2009, 484 housing units were investigated. Lead in tap water and total and leachable lead levels from floor dust, outdoor soils and paint chips were measured. X-ray fluorescence measurements were carried out on non-metallic and metallic substrates. Nationwide results are provided. The indoor floor dust lead (PbD) geometric mean (GM) was 8.8 μg/m² (0.8 μg/ft²) and 6.8 μg/m² (0.6 μg/ft²) for total and leachable lead respectively; 0.21% of homes had an indoor PbD loading above 430.5 μg/m² (40 μg/ft²). The outdoor play area concentration GM was 33.5 mg/kg and 21.7 mg/kg in total and leachable lead respectively; 1.4% of concentrations were higher than or equal to 400 mg/kg. Outdoor floor PbD GM was 44.4 μg/m² (4.1 μg/ft²) that was approximately 3.2 times higher than the GM of indoor PbD. Lead-based paint (LBP) was present in 25% of dwellings, LBP on only non-metallic substrates was present in 19% of homes and on metallic substrates in 10% of dwellings. The GM of lead concentrations in tap water was below 1 μg/L; 58% of concentrations were lower than 1 μg/L and 2.9% were higher than or equal to 10 μg/L. The age cut-off for homes with lead would be 1974 for paint and 1993 for indoor floor dust. This study provides, for the first time, a look at the state of lead contamination to which children are exposed in French housing. Moreover, it provides policy makers an estimate of the number of French dwellings sheltering children where abatement should be conducted.
- Published
- 2012
11. A novel public health threat - high lead solder in stainless steel rainwater tanks in Tasmania.
- Author
-
Lodo K, Dalgleish C, Patel M, and Veitch M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Public Health, Rain, Risk Assessment, Stainless Steel, Tasmania, Young Adult, Drinking Water chemistry, Lead analysis, Lead blood, Water Supply standards
- Abstract
Objective: We identified two water tanks in Tasmania with water lead concentrations exceeding the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) limit; they had been constructed with stainless steel and high-lead solder from a single manufacturer. An investigation was initiated to identify all tanks constructed by this manufacturer and prevent further exposure to contaminated water., Methods: To identify water tanks we used sales accounts, blood and water lead results from laboratories, and media. We analysed blood and water lead concentration results from laboratories and conducted a nested cohort study of blood lead concentrations in children aged <18 years., Results: We identifed 144 tanks constructed from stainless steel and high lead solder. Median water lead concentrations were significantly higher in the stainless steel tanks (121µg/L) than in the galvanised tanks (1µg/L). Blood lead concentrations ranged from 1 to 26µg/dL (median 5µg/dL); of these, 77% (n=50) were below the then-recommended health-related concentration of 10µg/dL. Concentrations in the 15 people (23%) above this limit ranged from 10-26µg/dL, with a median of 14µg/dL. The median blood lead concentration in the nested cohort of children was initially 8.5µg/dL, dropping to 4.5µg/dL after follow-up., Conclusions: Lead concentrations in the water tanks constructed from stainless steel and high-lead solder were up to 200 times above the recommended ADWG limits. Implications for public health: This investigation highlights the public health risk posed by use of non-compliant materials in constructing water tanks., (© 2017 Department of Health and Human Services Tasmania.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Editorial: Lead Risk Assessment and Health Effects.
- Author
-
Mielke HW
- Subjects
- Cities, Humans, Industry, Risk Assessment, United States, Environmental Pollutants toxicity, Lead toxicity
- Abstract
In 1980, Clair C. Patterson stated: "Sometime in the near future it probably will be shown that the older urban areas of the United States have been rendered more or less uninhabitable by the millions of tons of poisonous industrial lead residues that have accumulated in cities during the past century". We live in the near future about which this quote expressed concern. This special volume of 19 papers explores the status of scientific evidence regarding Dr. Patterson's statement on the habitability of the environments of communities. Authors from 10 countries describe a variety of lead issues in the context of large and small communities, smelter sites, lead industries, lead-based painted houses, and vehicle fuel treated with lead additives dispersed by traffic. These articles represent the microcosm of the larger health issues associated with lead. The challenges of lead risk require a concerted global action for primary prevention.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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