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The modification of the metal surface is one of the efforts used to increase the bonding strength to provide a good deposite for the hydroxyapatite layer. This study aimed to determine the effect of abrasive paper roughness and alkali heat treatment on 316L stainless steel for hydroxyapatite coating. The surface of the 316L stainless steel substrate was roughened using SIC paper 80, 400 and 1200 grit. Then soaked with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions for 24 hours at a temperature of 40 °C and then the substrate was sintered at a temperature of 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C with a holding time of 1 hour. The coating process is carried out using a dip coating method by immersing the substrate into the hydroxyapatite slurry and sintered at a temperature of 750 °C. The result of this study shows that sodium chromium oxyde (Na4CrO4) was successfully formed on the metal surface of 316L Stainless steel. The highest and lowest shear strength values were obtained on 80 grit samples with heat treatment temperatures of 700 °C and 600 °C, respectively 4.685 MPa and 0.465 MPa. The thickness of the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on 316L stainless steel obtained was 51.68 µm; 58.28 µm; 73.63 µm and 70.13 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]