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1. Broad- Versus Narrow-Spectrum Perioperative Antibiotics and Outcomes in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: Analysis of the Vizient Clinical Data Base

Author: Cooch, Peter B, Kim, Mi-Ok, Swami, Naveen, Tamma, Pranita D, Tabbutt, Sarah, Steurer, Martina A, and Wattier, Rachel L
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Cardiovascular, Heart Disease, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Prevention, Patient Safety, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.4 Surgery, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Child, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child, Preschool, Adolescent, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Heart Defects, Congenital, Risk Factors, Hospitalization, Length of Stay, anti-bacterial agents, surgical wound infection, antibiotic prophylaxis, cardiac surgical procedures, patient discharge, Medical microbiology, Paediatrics
Abstract: BackgroundDespite guidelines recommending narrow-spectrum perioperative antibiotics (NSPA) as prophylaxis for most children undergoing congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery, broad-spectrum perioperative antibiotics (BSPA) are variably used, and their impact on postoperative outcomes is poorly understood.MethodsWe used administrative data from U.S. hospitals participating in the Vizient Clinical Data Base. Admissions from 2011 to 2018 containing a qualifying CHD surgery in children 0-17 years old were evaluated for exposure to BSPA versus NSPA. Propensity score-adjusted models were used to compare postoperative length of hospital stay (PLOS) by exposure group, while adjusting for confounders. Secondary outcomes included subsequent antimicrobial treatment and in-hospital mortality.ResultsAmong 18 088 eligible encounters from 24 U.S. hospitals, BSPA were given in 21.4% of CHD surgeries, with mean BSPA use varying from 1.7% to 96.1% between centers. PLOS was longer for BSPA-exposed cases (adjusted hazard ratio 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.89, P < .0001). BSPA was associated with higher adjusted odds of subsequent antimicrobial treatment (odds ratio [OR] 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06-1.48), and there was no significant difference in adjusted mortality between exposure groups (OR 2.06; 95% CI: 1.0-4.31; P = .05). Analyses of subgroups with the most BSPA exposure, including high-complexity procedures and delayed sternal closure, also did not find (but could not exclude) a measurable benefit from BSPA on PLOS.ConclusionsBSPA use was common in high-risk populations, and varied substantially between centers. Standardizing perioperative antibiotic practices between centers may reduce unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure and improve clinical outcomes.
Published: 2023

2. Impact of Organism Reporting from Endotracheal Aspirate Cultures on Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Patients

Author: Prinzi, Andrea M, Wattier, Rachel L, Curtis, Donna J, Ziniel, Sonja I, Fitzgerald, Allyson, Pearce, Kelly, and Parker, Sarah K
Subjects: Clinical Research, Patient Safety, Lung, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Child, Retrospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Respiratory Tract Infections, microbiology, culture, diagnostics, laboratory, stewardship, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract: Endotracheal aspirate cultures (EACs) help diagnose lower respiratory tract infections in mechanically ventilated patients but are limited by contamination with normal microbiota and variation in laboratory reporting. Increased use of EACs is associated with increased antimicrobial prescribing, but the impact of microbiology reporting on prescribing practices is unclear. This study was a retrospective analysis of EACs from mechanically ventilated patients at Children's Hospital Colorado (CHCO) admitted between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019. Chart review was performed to collect all culture and Gram stain components, as well as antibiotic use directed to organisms in culture. Reporting concordance was determined for each organism using American Society for Microbiology guidelines. Days of therapy were calculated for overreported and guideline-concordant organisms. A multivariable model was used to assess the relationship between organism reporting and total days of therapy. Overall, 448 patients with 827 EACs were included in this study. Among patients with tracheostomy, 25 (8%) organisms reported from EACs were overreported and contributed 48 days of excess therapy, while 227 (29%) organisms from the EACs of endotracheally intubated patients were overreported, contributing 472 excess days of therapy. After adjustment, organism overreporting was associated with a >2-fold-higher rate of antimicrobial therapy than guideline-concordant reporting (incident rate ratio [IRR], 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23, 6.53; P < 0.05). Overreported organisms from respiratory cultures contribute to excess antimicrobial therapy exposure in mechanically ventilated patients. Microbiology laboratories have an opportunity to mitigate antimicrobial overuse through standardized reporting practices.
Published: 2022

3. Multicenter Prospective Study of Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in Children and Adolescents.

Author: Fisher, Brian T, Boge, Craig LK, Xiao, Rui, Shuster, Sydney, Chin-Quee, Dawn, Allen, John, Shaheen, Shareef, Hayden, Randall, Suganda, Sri, Zaoutis, Theoklis E, Chang, Yeh Chung, Yin, Dwight E, Huppler, Anna R, Danziger-Isakov, Lara, Muller, William J, Roilides, Emmanuel, Romero, José, Sue, Paul K, Berman, David, Wattier, Rachel L, Halasa, Natasha, Dulek, Daniel E, Pong, Alice, Maron, Gabriela, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Hutto, Susan C, Gonzalez, Blanca E, Salvatore, Christine M, Rajan, Sujatha, Green, Michael, Doby Knackstedt, Elizabeth, Hauger, Sarmistha B, and Steinbach, William J
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Adolescent, Antigens, Fungal, Biomarkers, Candida, Candidiasis, Candidiasis, Invasive, Child, Humans, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Pediatrics, invasive candidiasis, biomarkers, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract: BackgroundDiagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC) relies on insensitive cultures; the relative utility of fungal biomarkers in children is unclear.MethodsThis multinational observational cohort study enrolled patients aged >120 days and
Published: 2022

4. Updated Guidance on Use and Prioritization of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Treatment of COVID-19 in Adolescents

Author: Wolf, Joshua, Abzug, Mark J, Anosike, Brenda I, Vora, Surabhi B, Waghmare, Alpana, Sue, Paul K, Olivero, Rosemary M, Oliveira, Carlos R, James, Scott H, Morton, Theodore H, Maron, Gabriela M, Young, Jennifer L, Orscheln, Rachel C, Schwenk, Hayden T, Bio, Laura L, Willis, Zachary I, Lloyd, Elizabeth C, Hersh, Adam L, Huskins, Charles W, Soma, Vijaya L, Ratner, Adam J, Hayes, Molly, Downes, Kevin, Chiotos, Kathleen, Grapentine, Steven P, Wattier, Rachel L, Lamb, Gabriella S, Zachariah, Philip, and Nakamura, Mari M
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Pneumonia & Influenza, Pediatric Research Initiative, Lung, Pediatric, Vaccine Related, Pneumonia, Prevention, Patient Safety, Biotechnology, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, Child, Drug Combinations, Humans, Practice Guidelines as Topic, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, bamlanivimab and etesevimab, COVID-19, pediatric, REGEN-COV, sotrovimab, Medical microbiology, Paediatrics
Abstract: BackgroundStarting in November 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for multiple novel virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapies, including bamlanivimab monotherapy (now revoked), bamlanivimab and etesivimab, casirivimab and imdevimab (REGEN-COV), and sotrovimab, for treatment or postexposure prophylaxis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents (≥12 years of age) and adults with certain high-risk conditions. Previous guidance is now updated based on new evidence and clinical experience.MethodsA panel of experts in pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric infectious diseases pharmacotherapy, and pediatric critical care medicine from 18 geographically diverse US institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a guidance statement was developed and refined based on a review of the best available evidence and expert opinion.ResultsThe course of COVID-19 in children and adolescents is typically mild, though more severe disease is occasionally observed. Evidence supporting risk stratification is incomplete. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the benefit of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific monoclonal antibody therapies in adults, but data on safety and efficacy in children or adolescents are limited. Potential harms associated with infusion reactions or anaphylaxis are reportedly low in adults.ConclusionsBased on evidence available as of August 31, 2021, the panel suggests a risk-based approach to administration of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody therapy. Therapy is suggested for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adolescents (≥12 years of age) at the highest risk of progression to hospitalization or severe disease. Therapeutic decision-making about those at moderate risk of severe disease should be individualized. Use as postexposure prophylaxis could be considered for those at the highest risk who have a high-risk exposure but are not yet diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinicians and health systems should ensure safe and timely implementation of these therapeutics that does not exacerbate existing healthcare disparities.
Published: 2022

5. Immunophenotypic predictors of influenza vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients

Author: Naik, Swati, Williams, Christopher, Russo, Michael, Goyal, Rakesh, Blum, Samantha, Shoemaker, Lauren, Lacombe, Kirsten, Smith, Hannah, Allison, Kim J., Truong, Kenny, Dvorak, Christopher, Hamdan, Lubna, Batarseh, Einas, Haddadin, Zaid, Stewart, Laura S., Stahl, Anna, Potter, Molly, Rahman, Herdi, McHenry, Rendie, Bender, Margaret, Barto, Shari, Amarin, Justin Z., Dulek, Daniel E., Simmons, Joshua, Hayek, Haya, Chappell, James D., Nochowicz, Cindy Hager, Kitko, Carrie L., Schuster, Jennifer E., Muñoz, Flor M., Bocchini, Claire E., Moulton, Elizabeth A., Coffin, Susan E., Freedman, Jason L., Ardura, Monica I., Wattier, Rachel L., Maron, Gabriela, Grimley, Michael, Paulsen, Grant, Danziger-Isakov, Lara, Carpenter, Paul A., Englund, Janet A., Halasa, Natasha B., Spieker, Andrew J., and Kalams, Spyros A.
Published: 2024
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6. Initial Guidance on Use of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Treatment of COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents

Author: Wolf, Joshua, Abzug, Mark J, Wattier, Rachel L, Sue, Paul K, Vora, Surabhi B, Zachariah, Philip, Dulek, Daniel E, Waghmare, Alpana, Olivero, Rosemary, Downes, Kevin J, James, Scott H, Pinninti, Swetha G, Yarbrough, April, Aldrich, Margaret L, MacBrayne, Christine E, Soma, Vijaya L, Grapentine, Steven P, Oliveira, Carlos R, Hayes, Molly, Kimberlin, David W, Jones, Sarah B, Bio, Laura L, Morton, Theodore H, Hankins, Jane S, Marόn-Alfaro, Gabriella M, Timberlake, Kathryn, Young, Jennifer L, Orscheln, Rachel C, Schwenk, Hayden T, Goldman, David L, Groves, Helen E, Huskins, W Charles, Rajapakse, Nipunie S, Lamb, Gabriella S, Tribble, Alison C, Lloyd, Elizabeth E, Hersh, Adam L, Thorell, Emily A, Ratner, Adam J, Chiotos, Kathleen, and Nakamura, Mari M
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Pediatric Research Initiative, Infectious Diseases, Hematology, Biotechnology, Health Services, Patient Safety, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antiviral Agents, COVID-19, Child, Drug Approval, Female, Humans, Male, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, bamlanivimab, casirivimab, imdevimab, pediatric, Medical microbiology, Paediatrics
Abstract: BackgroundIn November 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provided Emergency Use Authorizations (EUA) for 2 novel virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapies, bamlanivimab and REGN-COV2 (casirivimab plus imdevimab), for the treatment of mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents and adults in specified high-risk groups. This has challenged clinicians to determine the best approach to use of these products.MethodsA panel of experts in pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric infectious diseases pharmacy, pediatric intensive care medicine, and pediatric hematology from 29 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a guidance statement was developed and refined based on review of the best available evidence and expert opinion.ResultsThe course of COVID-19 in children and adolescents is typically mild and there is no high-quality evidence supporting any high-risk groups. There is no evidence for safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy for treatment of COVID-19 in children or adolescents, limited evidence of modest benefit in adults, and evidence for potential harm associated with infusion reactions or anaphylaxis.ConclusionsBased on evidence available as of December 20, 2020, the panel suggests against routine administration of monoclonal antibody therapy (bamlanivimab, or casirivimab and imdevimab), for treatment of COVID-19 in children or adolescents, including those designated by the FDA as at high risk of progression to hospitalization or severe disease. Clinicians and health systems choosing to use these agents on an individualized basis should consider risk factors supported by pediatric-specific evidence and ensure the implementation of a system for safe and timely administration that does not exacerbate existing healthcare disparities.
Published: 2021

7. Multicenter interim guidance on use of antivirals for children with COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2

Author: Chiotos, Kathleen, Hayes, Molly, Kimberlin, David W, Jones, Sarah B, James, Scott H, Pinninti, Swetha G, Yarbrough, April, Abzug, Mark J, MacBrayne, Christine E, Soma, Vijaya L, Dulek, Daniel E, Vora, Surabhi B, Waghmare, Alpana, Wolf, Joshua, Olivero, Rosemary, Grapentine, Steven, Wattier, Rachel L, Bio, Laura, Cross, Shane J, Dillman, Nicholas O, Downes, Kevin J, Oliveira, Carlos R, Timberlake, Kathryn, Young, Jennifer, Orscheln, Rachel C, Tamma, Pranita D, Schwenk, Hayden T, Zachariah, Philip, Aldrich, Margaret L, Goldman, David L, Groves, Helen E, Rajapakse, Nipunie S, Lamb, Gabriella S, Tribble, Alison C, Hersh, Adam L, Thorell, Emily A, Denison, Mark R, Ratner, Adam J, Newland, Jason G, and Nakamura, Mari M
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Lung, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Good Health and Well Being, Adenosine Monophosphate, Alanine, Antiviral Agents, COVID-19, Child, Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, antiviral, pediatric, SARS-CoV-2, Medical microbiology, Paediatrics
Abstract: BackgroundAlthough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild infection in most children, a small proportion develop severe or critical illness. Data describing agents with potential antiviral activity continue to expand such that updated guidance is needed regarding use of these agents in children.MethodsA panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 20 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of the best available evidence and expert opinion.ResultsGiven the typically mild course of COVID-19 in children, supportive care alone is suggested for most cases. For children with severe illness, defined as a supplemental oxygen requirement without need for noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), remdesivir is suggested, preferably as part of a clinical trial if available. Remdesivir should also be considered for critically ill children requiring invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO. A duration of 5 days is appropriate for most patients. The panel recommends against the use of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir (or other protease inhibitors) for COVID-19 in children.ConclusionsAntiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For children with severe or critical disease, this guidance offers an approach for decision-making regarding use of remdesivir.
Published: 2021

8. Impact of an Inpatient Allergy Guideline on β-Lactam and Alternative Antibiotic Use

Author: Otani, Iris M., Tang, Monica, Wang, Lusha, Anstey, Karen M., Hilts-Horeczko, Alexandra, Li, Fanny, Le, Vincent P., Lee, Melissa, Bystritsky, Rachel, Mulliken, Jennifer S., Wattier, Rachel L., Blumenthal, Kimberly G., and Doernberg, Sarah B.
Published: 2023
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9. Multicenter initial guidance on use of antivirals for children with COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2

Author: Chiotos, Kathleen, Hayes, Molly, Kimberlin, David W, Jones, Sarah B, James, Scott H, Pinninti, Swetha G, Yarbrough, April, Abzug, Mark J, MacBrayne, Christine E, Soma, Vijaya L, Dulek, Daniel E, Vora, Surabhi B, Waghmare, Alpana, Wolf, Joshua, Olivero, Rosemary, Grapentine, Steven, Wattier, Rachel L, Bio, Laura, Cross, Shane J, Dillman, Nicholas O, Downes, Kevin J, Timberlake, Kathryn, Young, Jennifer, Orscheln, Rachel C, Tamma, Pranita D, Schwenk, Hayden T, Zachariah, Philip, Aldrich, Margaret, Goldman, David L, Groves, Helen E, Lamb, Gabriella S, Tribble, Alison C, Hersh, Adam L, Thorell, Emily A, Denison, Mark R, Ratner, Adam J, Newland, Jason G, and Nakamura, Mari M
Subjects: Clinical Research, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Patient Safety, Pediatric, Infectious Diseases, Lung, Good Health and Well Being, Antiviral Agents, Child, Humans, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, antiviral, COVID-19, guidance, pediatric, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract: BackgroundAlthough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mild in nearly all children, a small proportion of pediatric patients develop severe or critical illness. Guidance is therefore needed regarding use of agents with potential activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pediatrics.MethodsA panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 18 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of best available evidence and expert opinion.ResultsGiven the typically mild course of pediatric COVID-19, supportive care alone is suggested for the overwhelming majority of cases. The panel suggests a decision-making framework for antiviral therapy that weighs risks and benefits based on disease severity as indicated by respiratory support needs, with consideration on a case-by-case basis of potential pediatric risk factors for disease progression. If an antiviral is used, the panel suggests remdesivir as the preferred agent. Hydroxychloroquine could be considered for patients who are not candidates for remdesivir or when remdesivir is not available. Antivirals should preferably be used as part of a clinical trial if available.ConclusionsAntiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For those rare cases of severe or critical disease, this guidance offers an approach for decision-making regarding antivirals, informed by available data. As evidence continues to evolve rapidly, the need for updates to the guidance is anticipated.
Published: 2020

10. Hospital-level Antibiotic Use and Complexity of Care Among Neonates

Author: Singh, Prachi, Steurer, Martina A, Cantey, Joseph B, and Wattier, Rachel L
Subjects: Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Prevention, Pediatric Research Initiative, Good Health and Well Being, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Retrospective Studies, antimicrobial stewardship, antibacterial agents, newborn infant, risk adjustment
Abstract: BackgroundDespite increasing neonatal antibiotic stewardship efforts, understanding of interhospital variation in neonatal antibiotic use is limited.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among primarily academically affiliated hospitals participating in the Vizient Clinical Database/Resource Manager. Neonatal discharges were identified by admission age
Published: 2020

11. Return to School for Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in the United States During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Expert Opinion on Key Considerations and Best Practices

Author: Downes, Kevin J, Danziger-Isakov, Lara A, Cousino, Melissa K, Green, Michael, Michaels, Marian G, Muller, William J, Orscheln, Rachel C, Sharma, Tanvi S, Statler, Victoria A, Wattier, Rachel L, and Ardura, Monica I
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Organ Transplantation, Prevention, Pediatric, Transplantation, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Child, Coronavirus Infections, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Humans, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Risk Factors, Safety, Schools, Transplant Recipients, United States, coronavirus, pediatric transplant, return to school, SARS-CoV-2, school reopening, Medical microbiology, Paediatrics
Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created many challenges for pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and their families. As the pandemic persists, patients and their families struggle to identify the best and safest practices for resuming activities as areas reopen. Notably, decisions about returning to school remain difficult. We assembled a team of pediatric infectious diseases (ID), transplant ID, public health, transplant psychology, and infection prevention and control specialists to address the primary concerns about school reentry for pediatric SOT recipients in the United States. Based on available literature and guidance from national organizations, we generated consensus statements pertaining to school reentry specific to pediatric SOT recipients. Although data are limited and the COVID-19 pandemic is highly dynamic, our goal was to create a framework from which providers and caregivers can identify the most important considerations for each pediatric SOT recipient to promote a safe return to school.
Published: 2020

12. Multisite external validation of a risk prediction model for the diagnosis of blood stream infections in febrile pediatric oncology patients without severe neutropenia

Author: Esbenshade, Adam J, Zhao, Zhiguo, Aftandilian, Catherine, Saab, Raya, Wattier, Rachel L, Beauchemin, Melissa, Miller, Tamara P, Wilkes, Jennifer J, Kelly, Michael J, Fernbach, Alison, Jeng, Michael, Schwartz, Cindy L, Dvorak, Christopher C, Shyr, Yu, Moons, Karl GM, Sulis, Maria‐Luisa, and Friedman, Debra L
Subjects: Cancer, Patient Safety, Prevention, Clinical Research, Hematology, Infectious Diseases, Sepsis, Bacteremia, Child, Child, Preschool, Datasets as Topic, Febrile Neutropenia, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, Models, Statistical, Neoplasms, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Staphylococcal Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Uncertainty, febrile neutropenia, health services research, pediatric oncology, risk prediction, supportive care, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract: BackgroundPediatric oncology patients are at an increased risk of invasive bacterial infection due to immunosuppression. The risk of such infection in the absence of severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count ≥ 500/μL) is not well established and a validated prediction model for blood stream infection (BSI) risk offers clinical usefulness.MethodsA 6-site retrospective external validation was conducted using a previously published risk prediction model for BSI in febrile pediatric oncology patients without severe neutropenia: the Esbenshade/Vanderbilt (EsVan) model. A reduced model (EsVan2) excluding 2 less clinically reliable variables also was created using the initial EsVan model derivative cohort, and was validated using all 5 external validation cohorts. One data set was used only in sensitivity analyses due to missing some variables.ResultsFrom the 5 primary data sets, there were a total of 1197 febrile episodes and 76 episodes of bacteremia. The overall C statistic for predicting bacteremia was 0.695, with a calibration slope of 0.50 for the original model and a calibration slope of 1.0 when recalibration was applied to the model. The model performed better in predicting high-risk bacteremia (gram-negative or Staphylococcus aureus infection) versus BSI alone, with a C statistic of 0.801 and a calibration slope of 0.65. The EsVan2 model outperformed the EsVan model across data sets with a C statistic of 0.733 for predicting BSI and a C statistic of 0.841 for high-risk BSI.ConclusionsThe results of this external validation demonstrated that the EsVan and EsVan2 models are able to predict BSI across multiple performance sites and, once validated and implemented prospectively, could assist in decision making in clinical practice. Cancer 2017;123:3781-3790. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Published: 2017

13. Pediatric Invasive Aspergillosis.

Author: Wattier, Rachel L and Ramirez-Avila, Lynn
Subjects: antifungal, aspergillosis, pediatric
Abstract: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a disease of increasing importance in pediatrics due to growth of the immunocompromised populations at risk and improvements in long-term survival for many of these groups. While general principles of diagnosis and therapy apply similarly across the age spectrum, there are unique considerations for clinicians who care for children and adolescents with IA. This review will highlight important differences in the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy of pediatric IA.
Published: 2016

14. A Prospective, International Cohort Study of Invasive Mold Infections in Children

Author: Wattier, Rachel L, Dvorak, Christopher C, Hoffman, Jill A, Brozovich, Ava A, Bin-Hussain, Ibrahim, Groll, Andreas H, Castagnola, Elio, Knapp, Katherine M, Zaoutis, Theoklis E, Gustafsson, Britt, Sung, Lillian, Berman, David, Halasa, Natasha B, Abzug, Mark J, Velegraki, Aristea, Sharma, Tanvi S, Fisher, Brian T, and Steinbach, William J
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Pediatric, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Prevention, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Antifungal Agents, Aspergillosis, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Fungi, Humans, Male, Mycoses, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, antifungal, aspergillosis, mucormycosis, outcome, treatment, Medical microbiology, Paediatrics
Abstract: BackgroundInvasive mold infections (IMIs) are a leading cause of mortality in immunocompromised children, yet there has never been an international epidemiologic investigation of pediatric IMIs.MethodsThis international, prospective cohort study was performed to characterize the epidemiology, antifungal therapy, and outcomes of pediatric IMIs. Children (≤18 years) with proven or probable IMIs were enrolled between August 2007 and May 2011 at 22 sites. Risk factors, underlying diagnoses, and treatments were recorded. Outcomes were assessed at 12 weeks after diagnosis using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group response criteria.ResultsOne hundred thirty-one pediatric patients with IMIs were enrolled; the most common IMI was invasive aspergillosis ([IA] 75%). Children with IA and those with other types of IMIs had similar underlying risk factors, except that children with IMIs caused by non-Aspergillus species were more likely to have received mold-active antifungal agents preceding diagnosis. The most commonly used antifungal classes after diagnosis were triazoles (82%) and polyenes (63%). Combination therapy was used in 53% of patients. Use of combination therapy was associated with an increased risk of adverse events (risk ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-3.68; P = .031), although there was no detectable difference in outcome.ConclusionsAlthough risk factors for IMIs are similar across specific subtypes, preceding antifungal therapy may be an important modifier. Combination antifungal therapy requires further study to determine its true risks and benefits.
Published: 2015

15. Mucormycosis, fusariosis, scedosporiasis, and other invasive mold diseases

Author: Wattier, Rachel L., primary and Steinbach, William J., additional
Published: 2021
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16. Contributors

Author: Chang, Yeh-Chung, primary, Barbas, Andrew, additional, Dara, Jasmeen, additional, Dvorak, Christopher C., additional, Patel, Neil, additional, Green, Abby, additional, Madan, Rebecca Pellett, additional, Danziger-Isakov, Lara A., additional, Michaels, Marian G., additional, Green, Michael D., additional, Marón Alfaro, Gabriela M., additional, Gans, Hayley A., additional, Estabrook, Michele, additional, Ardura, Monica I., additional, Fisher, Brian T., additional, Sung, Lillian, additional, Posfay-Barbe, Klara M., additional, Halasa, Natasha, additional, Kelly, Matthew S., additional, Silverman, Michael A., additional, Wolf, Joshua, additional, Gerber, Jeffrey S., additional, Smith, Michael J., additional, Akinboyo, Ibukunoluwa C., additional, Nolt, Dawn, additional, Gonzalez, Blanca E., additional, Arshad, Mehreen, additional, Nowalk, Andrew, additional, Tamma, Pranita D., additional, Dulek, Daniel, additional, Statler, Victoria A., additional, Munoz, Flor M., additional, Lin, Philana Ling, additional, Sharma, Tanvi, additional, Gross, Thomas, additional, Allen, Upton D., additional, Muller, William J., additional, Herold, Betsy C., additional, Lugo, Debra J., additional, Zerr, Danielle M., additional, Waghmare, Alpana, additional, Englund, Janet A., additional, Florescu, Diana F., additional, Stohs, Erica J., additional, Laskin, Benjamin L., additional, Hirsch, Hans H., additional, Steinbach, William J., additional, Wattier, Rachel L., additional, Schuster, Jennifer E., additional, Lee, Philip, additional, Goldman, David L., additional, Christenson, John C., additional, Fox, Thomas G., additional, Chen, Sharon F., additional, Paulsen, Grant C., additional, Sue, Paul K., additional, Burton, Catherine, additional, Hanisch, Benjamin, additional, Gonzalez, Ivan A., additional, Stillwell, Terri, additional, Yildirim, Inci, additional, Doby Knackstedt, Elizabeth, additional, Mayer Arispe, Erick F., additional, and Shane, Andi L., additional
Published: 2021
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17. Repeat blood cultures in children with persistent fever and neutropenia: Diagnostic and clinical implications

Author: Wattier, Rachel L, Dvorak, Christopher C, Auerbach, Andrew D, and Weintrub, Peggy S
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Pediatric, Hematology, Clinical Research, Sepsis, Infectious Diseases, Cancer, Adolescent, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteremia, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Febrile Neutropenia, Female, Fever of Unknown Origin, Hematologic Neoplasms, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, bacteremia, blood culture, bloodstream infection, fever and neutropenia, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis, Paediatrics
Abstract: BackgroundRepeat blood cultures are frequently obtained in children with persistent fever and neutropenia (FN), but their clinical impact is uncertain.MethodsWe identified children with persistent FN in the context of hematologic malignancy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from July 2006 to June 2012. For each episode, we reviewed blood cultures to determine the yield of true positive and false positive results. We then examined episode-level and culture-level predictors to determine factors associated with new bloodstream infections (BSI).ResultsAmong 135 children who met inclusion criteria, there were 184 persistent FN episodes, during which 17 new BSI were diagnosed after the first 24 hr of fever (9.2%; 95% CI 5.4-15.3%). After the first 24 hr, the incidence of new BSI was 1.5% (95% CI 1.0-2.4%) per day and the incidence of blood culture contamination was 1.1% (95% CI 0.6-2.1%) per day. Of 17 new BSI identified, 14 (82%) required changes in therapy, while all 12 contaminant blood cultures were followed by additional antibiotic therapy. Increased odds of new BSI were associated with a history of BSI within 30 days of the episode (OR 5.18; 95% CI 1.29-20.8) and increasing time between recurrent fevers (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.06-1.57).ConclusionsRepeat blood cultures have an important role in diagnosing new BSI and directing therapy in children with persistent FN. The current strategy could be improved by reducing the frequency of blood cultures after the first 24 hr, and targeting repeat cultures by risk.
Published: 2015

18. Immunophenotypic predictors of influenza vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients

Author: Amarin, Justin Z., Dulek, Daniel E., Simmons, Joshua, Hayek, Haya, Chappell, James D., Nochowicz, Cindy Hager, Kitko, Carrie L., Schuster, Jennifer E., Muñoz, Flor M., Bocchini, Claire E., Moulton, Elizabeth A., Coffin, Susan E., Freedman, Jason L., Ardura, Monica I., Wattier, Rachel L., Maron, Gabriela, Grimley, Michael, Paulsen, Grant, Danziger-Isakov, Lara, Carpenter, Paul A., Englund, Janet A., Halasa, Natasha B., Spieker, Andrew J., Kalams, Spyros A., Naik, Swati, Williams, Christopher, Russo, Michael, Goyal, Rakesh, Blum, Samantha, Shoemaker, Lauren, Lacombe, Kirsten, Smith, Hannah, Allison, Kim J., Truong, Kenny, Dvorak, Christopher, Hamdan, Lubna, Batarseh, Einas, Haddadin, Zaid, Stewart, Laura S., Stahl, Anna, Potter, Molly, Rahman, Herdi, McHenry, Rendie, Bender, Margaret, and Barto, Shari
Abstract: •Baseline numbers of certain immune cells predicted influenza vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric HCT recipients.•Immune reconstitution profiles could inform optimal influenza vaccination timing after pediatric HCT.
Published: 2024
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19. The Durability of Antibody Responses of Two Doses of High-Dose Relative to Two Doses of Standard-Dose Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: Schuster, Jennifer E, Hamdan, Lubna, Dulek, Daniel E, Kitko, Carrie L, Batarseh, Einas, Haddadin, Zaid, Stewart, Laura S, Stahl, Anna, Potter, Molly, Rahman, Herdi, Kalams, Spyros A, Bocchini, Claire E, Moulton, Elizabeth A, Coffin, Susan E, Ardura, Monica I, Wattier, Rachel L, Maron, Gabriela, Grimley, Michael, Paulsen, Grant, and Harrison, Christopher J
Subjects: INFLUENZA vaccines, RESEARCH, HEMAGGLUTINATION tests, IMMUNIZATION, CONFIDENCE intervals, PATIENTS, PEDIATRICS, ANTIBODY formation, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, COMPARATIVE studies, BLIND experiment, RESEARCH funding, HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation, STATISTICAL sampling, TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc., CHILDREN
Abstract: Background Our previous study established a 2-dose regimen of high-dose trivalent influenza vaccine (HD-TIV) to be immunogenically superior compared to a 2-dose regimen of standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (SD-QIV) in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. However, the durability of immunogenicity and the role of time post-HCT at immunization as an effect modifier are unknown. Methods This phase II, multi-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial compared HD-TIV to SD-QIV in children 3–17 years old who were 3–35 months post-allogeneic HCT, with each formulation administered twice, 28–42 days apart. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers were measured at baseline, 28–42 days following each dose, and 138–222 days after the second dose. Using linear mixed effects models, we estimated adjusted geometric mean HAI titer ratios (aGMR: HD-TIV/SD-QIV) to influenza antigens. Early and late periods were defined as 3–5 and 6–35 months post-HCT, respectively. Results During 3 influenza seasons (2016–2019), 170 participants were randomized to receive HD-TIV (n = 85) or SD-QIV (n = 85). HAI titers maintained significant elevations above baseline for both vaccine formulations, although the relative immunogenic benefit of HD-TIV to SD-QIV waned during the study. A 2-dose series of HD-TIV administered late post-HCT was associated with higher GMTs compared to the early post-HCT period (late group: A/H1N1 aGMR = 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.14–4.08]; A/H3N2 aGMR = 3.20, 95% CI = [1.60–6.39]; B/Victoria aGMR = 1.91, 95% CI = [1.01–3.60]; early group: A/H1N1 aGMR = 1.03, 95% CI = [0.59–1.80]; A/H3N2 aGMR = 1.23, 95% CI = [0.68–2.25]; B/Victoria aGMR = 1.06, 95% CI = [0.56–2.03]). Conclusions Two doses of HD-TIV were more immunogenic than SD-QIV, especially when administered ≥6 months post-HCT. Both groups maintained higher titers compared to baseline throughout the season. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02860039. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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20. Adjunctive Diagnostic Studies Completed Following Detection of Candidemia in Children: Secondary Analysis of Observed Practice From a Multicenter Cohort Study Conducted by the Pediatric Fungal Network

Author: Wattier, Rachel L, primary, Bucayu, Robert F T, additional, Boge, Craig L K, additional, Ross, Rachael K, additional, Yildirim, Inci, additional, Zaoutis, Theoklis E, additional, Palazzi, Debra L, additional, Vora, Surabhi B, additional, Castagnola, Elio, additional, Avilés-Robles, Martha, additional, Danziger-Isakov, Lara, additional, Tribble, Alison C, additional, Sharma, Tanvi S, additional, Arrieta, Antonio C, additional, Maron, Gabriela, additional, Berman, David M, additional, Yin, Dwight E, additional, Sung, Lillian, additional, Green, Michael, additional, Roilides, Emmanuel, additional, Belani, Kiran, additional, Romero, José, additional, Soler-Palacin, Pere, additional, López-Medina, Eduardo, additional, Nolt, Dawn, additional, Bin Hussain, Ibrahim Zaid, additional, Muller, William J, additional, Hauger, Sarmistha B, additional, Halasa, Natasha, additional, Dulek, Daniel, additional, Pong, Alice, additional, Gonzalez, Blanca E, additional, Abzug, Mark J, additional, Carlesse, Fabianne, additional, Huppler, Anna R, additional, Rajan, Sujatha, additional, Aftandilian, Catherine, additional, Ardura, Monica I, additional, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, additional, Hanisch, Benjamin, additional, Salvatore, Christine M, additional, Klingspor, Lena, additional, Knackstedt, Elizabeth D, additional, Lutsar, Irja, additional, Santolaya, Maria E, additional, Shuster, Sydney, additional, Johnson, Sarah K, additional, Steinbach, William J, additional, and Fisher, Brian T, additional
Published: 2023
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21. Chapter 289 - Mucormycosis

Author: Wattier, Rachel L. and Steinbach, William J.
Published: 2025
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22. Influenza Vaccine in Pediatric Recipients of Hematopoietic-Cell Transplants

Author: Schuster, Jennifer E., primary, Hamdan, Lubna, additional, Dulek, Daniel E., additional, Kitko, Carrie L., additional, Batarseh, Einas, additional, Haddadin, Zaid, additional, Stewart, Laura S., additional, Stahl, Anna, additional, Potter, Molly, additional, Rahman, Herdi, additional, Kalams, Spyros A., additional, Coffin, Susan, additional, Ardura, Monica I., additional, Wattier, Rachel L., additional, Maron, Gabriela, additional, Bocchini, Claire E., additional, Moulton, Elizabeth A., additional, Grimley, Michael, additional, Paulsen, Grant, additional, Harrison, Christopher J., additional, Freedman, Jason, additional, Carpenter, Paul A., additional, Englund, Janet A., additional, Munoz, Flor M., additional, Danziger-Isakov, Lara, additional, Spieker, Andrew J., additional, and Halasa, Natasha, additional
Published: 2023
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23. Antifungal Agents

Author: Wattier, Rachel L., primary and Steinbach, William J., additional
Published: 2018
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24. Contributors

Author: Abzug, Mark J., primary, Adderson, Elisabeth E., additional, Agwu, Allison L., additional, Alby, Kevin, additional, Aldrovandi, Grace M., additional, Allen, Upton D., additional, Alvarez-Hernández, Gerardo, additional, Ampofo, Krow, additional, Anderson, Evan J., additional, Anderson, Margot, additional, Antonara, Stella, additional, Ardura, Monica I., additional, Arguin, Paul M., additional, Arnold, John C., additional, Aronson, Naomi E., additional, Arvin, Ann M., additional, Ashkenazi, Shai, additional, Asturias, Edwin J., additional, Badalyan, Vahe, additional, Baker, Carol J., additional, Balakrishnan, Karthik, additional, Barros, Brittany S., additional, Barson, William J., additional, Bausch, Daniel G., additional, Bechtel, Kirsten, additional, Benjamin, Daniel K., additional, Berman, David M., additional, Blanco, David A., additional, Bloch, Karen C., additional, Blythe, Margaret J., additional, Bocchini, Joseph A., additional, Bowen, Anna, additional, Bowie, William R., additional, Boyce, Thomas G., additional, Bradley, John S., additional, Brady, Michael T., additional, Bratcher, Denise F., additional, Braverman, Paula K., additional, Bresee, Joseph, additional, Brook, Itzhak, additional, Brown, Kevin E., additional, Bryant, Kristina, additional, Buescher, E. Stephen, additional, Burns, Jane L., additional, Byington, Carrie L., additional, Camacho-Gonzalez, Andres F., additional, Cantey, Paul, additional, Carter, Bryan D., additional, Caserta, Mary T., additional, Castagnini, Luis A., additional, Cerini, Chiara, additional, Chadwick, Ellen Gould, additional, Chiang, Silvia S., additional, Christenson, John C., additional, Coffin, Susan E., additional, Collier, Melissa G., additional, Collins, Jennifer P., additional, Conklin, Laurie S., additional, Connelly, Beverly L., additional, Contopoulos-Ioannidis, Despina, additional, Conway, James H., additional, Cortese, Margaret M., additional, Cox, Elaine G., additional, Creech, C. Buddy, additional, Crews, Jonathan D., additional, Cunningham, Dennis J., additional, Curtis, Nigel, additional, Dailey, Natalie J.M., additional, Danziger-Isakov, Lara A., additional, Darville, Toni, additional, Dasch, Gregory A., additional, Daskalaki, Irini, additional, Daum, Robert S., additional, Davenport, Michael, additional, Davies, H. Dele, additional, Dawood, Fatimah S., additional, Day, J. Christopher, additional, de la Morena, Maite, additional, Demmler-Harrison, Gail J., additional, DeMuri, Gregory P., additional, Despommier, Dickson D., additional, Diefenbach, Karen A., additional, Edwards, Kathryn M., additional, Edwards, Morven S., additional, Eichenfield, Lawrence F., additional, Elston, Dirk M., additional, Emerson, Beth, additional, Ephros, Moshe, additional, Erdem, Guliz, additional, Eremeeva, Marina E., additional, Ericson, Jessica E., additional, Esposito, Douglas H., additional, Farley, Monica M., additional, Feingold, Anat R., additional, Feja, Kristina N., additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Fischer, Marc, additional, Flynn, Patricia M., additional, Fox, LeAnne M., additional, Frank, Michael M., additional, Fredrick, Douglas R., additional, Frenck, Robert W., additional, Friedlander, Sheila Fallon, additional, Gans, Hayley A., additional, Gauthier, Gregory M., additional, Gerber, Jeffrey S., additional, Gigliotti, Francis, additional, Gilger, Mark A., additional, Glaser, Carol A., additional, Goddard, Amanda F., additional, Gold, Benjamin D., additional, Gould, Jane M., additional, Green, Michael, additional, Greenberg, David, additional, Greywal, Tanya, additional, Griffin, Daniel, additional, Griffin, Patricia M., additional, Grom, Alexei A., additional, Gutierrez, Kathleen, additional, Gutman, Julie, additional, Guzman-Cottrill, Judith A., additional, Hall, Aron J., additional, Han, Jin-Young, additional, Harper, Marvin B., additional, Harris, Julie R., additional, Harrison, Christopher J., additional, Haslam, David B., additional, Hawkes, Sarah J., additional, Hendley, J. Owen, additional, Henry, Marion C.W., additional, Hilinski, Joseph A., additional, Hills, Susan L., additional, Holmberg, Scott D., additional, Holtzman, Deborah, additional, Hong, David K., additional, Hotez, Peter J., additional, Hsu, Katherine K., additional, Hunstad, David A., additional, Hwang, Loris Y., additional, Jackson, Mary Anne, additional, Jacobs, Richard F., additional, Jhaveri, Ravi, additional, Jirků-Pomajbíková, Kateřina, additional, Jones, Jeffrey L., additional, Karki, Mahima, additional, Karlowicz, M. Gary, additional, Katz, Ben Z., additional, Kaur, Ishminder, additional, Kersh, Gilbert J., additional, Keystone, Jay S., additional, Khan, Muhammad Ali, additional, Kimberlin, David W., additional, Kleiman, Martin B., additional, Klein, Bruce S., additional, Klontz, Karl, additional, Knust, Barbara, additional, Koh, Andrew Y., additional, Korgenski, E. Kent, additional, Krogstad, Paul, additional, Kutty, Preeta Krishnan, additional, Lauren, Christine T., additional, Lawrence, Hillary S., additional, Leber, Amy, additional, Lee, Grace M., additional, Leibovitz, Eugene, additional, Leshem, Eyal, additional, Levasseur, Stéphanie, additional, Lewis, David B., additional, Livingston, Robyn A., additional, Llata, Eloisa, additional, Long, Sarah S., additional, Lopman, Ben A., additional, Lucero, Yalda C., additional, Luján-Zilbermann, Jorge, additional, Luzuriaga, Katherine, additional, MacDonald, Noni E., additional, Maldonado, Yvonne A., additional, Manaloor, John, additional, Mani, Chitra S., additional, Manthiram, Kalpana, additional, Marshall, Gary S., additional, Martin, Stacey W., additional, Matanock, Almea, additional, Matiz, Catalina, additional, Mawle, Alison C., additional, Mazzulli, Tony, additional, McGann, Kathleen A., additional, McIntosh, Kenneth, additional, McNamara, Lucy A., additional, Meir, Michal, additional, Meislich, Debrah, additional, Meissner, H. Cody, additional, Meites, Elissa, additional, Mejías, Asunción, additional, Mertsola, Jussi, additional, Messacar, Kevin, additional, Mhaissen, Mohammed Nael, additional, Michaels, Marian G., additional, Miller, Melissa B., additional, Mintz, Eric D., additional, Modlin, John F., additional, Mohan, Parvathi, additional, Montgomery, Susan P., additional, Montoya, José G., additional, Moro, Pedro L., additional, Moscicki, Anna-Barbara, additional, Moss, R. Lawrence, additional, Myers, Angela L., additional, Nadel, Simon, additional, Neely, Michael N., additional, Neil, Karen P., additional, Nelson, Joanna, additional, Nelson, Noele P., additional, Nicholson, William L., additional, Nizet, Victor, additional, Nopper, Amy Jo, additional, Ochoa, Theresa J., additional, Orenstein, Walter A., additional, O'Ryan, Miguel, additional, Paddock, Christopher D., additional, Pall, Harpreet, additional, Panuganti, Suresh Kumar, additional, Pappas, Diane E., additional, Pass, Robert F., additional, Patterson, Thomas F., additional, Patton, Monica E., additional, Pelton, Stephen I., additional, Petersen, Brett W., additional, Pickering, Larry K., additional, Pinninti, Swetha, additional, Planet, Paul J., additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Posfay-Barbe, Klara M., additional, Poulsen, Casper S., additional, Poutanen, Susan M., additional, Powers, Ann M., additional, Prober, Charles G., additional, Ramilo, Octavio, additional, Rangel, Shawn J., additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Rawstron, Sarah A., additional, Read, Jennifer S., additional, Reed, Michael D., additional, Relich, Ryan F., additional, Reller, Megan E., additional, Rellosa, Neil, additional, Rempe, Katherine A., additional, Reyes, Melissa A., additional, Rice-Townsend, Samuel E., additional, Richards, Frank O., additional, Romero, José R., additional, Rosen, David A., additional, Rostad, Christina A., additional, Rours, G. Ingrid J.G., additional, Routh, Janell A., additional, Rowley, Anne H., additional, Rubin, Lorry G., additional, Ryan, Edward T., additional, Saiman, Lisa, additional, Sammons, Julia S., additional, Sass, Laura, additional, Sauberan, Jason B., additional, Schillie, Sarah, additional, Schulert, Grant S., additional, Schuster, Jennifer E., additional, Schwartz, Kevin L., additional, Sederdahl, Bethany K., additional, Serpa, Jose A., additional, Shah, Kara N., additional, Shah, Samir S., additional, Shane, Andi L., additional, Shapiro, Eugene D., additional, Shaw, Jana, additional, Shetty, Avinash K., additional, Dairiki, Linda M., additional, Siberry, George Kelly, additional, Siegel, Jane D., additional, Siegel, Robert David, additional, Simonsen, Kari A., additional, Singh, Nalini, additional, Singh, Upinder, additional, Smith, P. Brian, additional, Snyder, John D., additional, Song, Eunkyung, additional, Sorrell, Jennifer L., additional, Souder, Emily, additional, St. Geme, Joseph W., additional, Staat, Mary Allen, additional, Staples, J. Erin, additional, Starke, Jeffrey R., additional, Steinbach, William J., additional, Stensvold, Christen R., additional, Stoner, Bradley P., additional, Strikas, Raymond A., additional, Strober, Jonathan B., additional, Sue, Paul K., additional, Sutton, Deanna A., additional, Swanson, Douglas, additional, Tate, Jacqueline E., additional, Tebruegge, Marc, additional, Teshale, Eyasu H., additional, Thompson, Amelia B., additional, Thompson, George R., additional, Thompson-Stone, Robert, additional, Thomson, Richard B., additional, Thorell, Emily A., additional, Tobin, Nicole H., additional, Toltzis, Philip, additional, Treat, James, additional, Troy, Stephanie B., additional, Van, Russell B., additional, Vaz, Louise Elaine, additional, Vodzak, Jennifer, additional, Wald, Ellen R., additional, Wallihan, Rebecca, additional, Wangu, Zoon, additional, Washam, Matthew, additional, Watson, Joshua R., additional, Wattier, Rachel L., additional, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., additional, White, A. Clinton, additional, Wiesenfeld, Harold C., additional, Williams, John V., additional, Willoughby, Rodney E., additional, Wingerter, Sarah L., additional, Wittler, Robert R., additional, Wong, Karen K., additional, Workowski, Kimberly A., additional, Wright, Terry W., additional, Yagupsky, Pablo, additional, Yen, Catherine, additional, Yi, Jumi, additional, Yoder, Jonathan S., additional, Young, Edward J., additional, Zaenglein, Andrea L., additional, and Zimmerman, Kanecia, additional
Published: 2018
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25. Reducing Second Gram-Negative Antibiotic Therapy on Pediatric Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Services

Author: Wattier, Rachel L., Levy, Emily R., Sabnis, Amit J., Dvorak, Christopher C., and Auerbach, Andrew D.
Published: 2017
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26. From “More is Better” to “Less is More”: A Commentary on Antimicrobial Use in Pediatric Oncology

Author: Wattier, Rachel L, primary and Esbenshade, Adam J, additional
Published: 2022
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27. Contributors

Author: Abzug, Mark J., Acharya, Krishna K., Adams, Denise M., Adelson, Stewart, Adrian, Molly C., Ahlfeld, Shawn K., Aiken, John J., Akdis, Cezmi A., Albokhari, Daniah, Alderman, Elizabeth M., Ali, Omar, Allen-Rhoades, Wendy A., Almutlaq, Nourah N., Amos, Louella B., Anari, Jason B., Anderson, Karl E., Anupindi, Sudha A., Appleby, Brian S., Ardoin, Stacy P., Arkader, Alexandre, Armangué, Thaís, Arndt, Carola A.S., Arnold, Danielle E., Artis, Adrianne R., Asher, David M., Asselin, Barbara L., Astley, Christina M., Atkinson, Norrell K., Augustine, Erika F., Augustyn, Marilyn C., Bacharier, Leonard B., Bacino, Carlos A., Bailey, Zinzi D., Balamuth, Frances B., Baldassano, Robert N., Baldwin, Keith D., Bales, Christina B., Balistreri, William F., Balwani, Manisha, Bamba, Vaneeta, Banerji, Aleena, Bang, Janet Y., Barai, Nikita, Baranowski, Katherine, Barclay, Sarah F., Barkoudah, Elizabeth, Barrero-Castillero, Alejandra, Barrett, Katherine J., Barron, Karyl S., Basel, Donald, Bass, Dorsey M., Bassett, Mary T., Bassiri, Hamid, Baum, Rebecca A., Behrens, Edward M., Bell, Michael J., Benjamin, Daniel K., Jr., Bennett, Amanda E., Bergerson, Jenna R.E., Bernstein, Daniel, Bernstein, Henry H., Bice-Urbach, Brittany J., Bielory, Brett P., Bielory, Leonard, Blanchard, Samra S., Blanchette, Eliza, Blatter, Joshua A., Bleyer, Archie, Boas, Steven R., Bock, Margret E., Boggs, Sarah R., Boivin, Michael J., Bonn, Julie, Bonthius, Daniel J., Boppana, Suresh B., Bordini, Brett J., Borst, Alexandra J., Bosse, Kristopher R., Boyer, Kenneth M., Brady, Patrick W., Brady, Rebecca C., Brady, Samuel L., Branchford, Brian R., Brandow, Amanda M., Brandsma, Erik, Breault, David T., Breuner, Cora Collette, Bridgemohan, Carolyn F., Britt, William J., Brower, Laura, Brown, Maria D., Brownell, Jefferson N., Browning, Meghen B., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bunyavanich, Supinda, Burstein, Danielle S., Bustinduy, Amaya L., Buyon, Jill P., Cabada, Miguel M., Cada, Michaela, Cairo, Mitchell S., Calello, Diane P., Cameron, Lindsay H., Campbell, Angela J.P., Candelaria, Margo, Cannon, Laura, Carlin, Rebecca F., Carlucci, James G., Carr, Michael R., Carrigan, Robert B., Carter, Rebecca G., Carter-Hamilton, Gail V., Case, Abigail, Chang, Pearl W., Chelimsky, Gisela G., Chelimsky, Thomas, Chemaitilly, Wassim, Chiotos, Kathleen, Chiu, Yvonne E., Chong, Hey Jin, Chou, Stella T., Christ, Lori A., Christenson, John C., Chugh, Ankur A., Cieslak, Theodore J., Claes, Donna J., Coates, Thomas D., Sánchez Códez, María I., Coffin, Susan E., Cohen, Mitchell B., Cohen, Susan S., Cole, F. Sessions, III, Collaco, J. Michael, Collins, James W., Jr., Congeni, Joseph A., Conrad, Máire A., Corcoran, Justin N., Corley, Alexandra M.S., Cox, Amanda L., Coyle, Anne M., Coyne-Beasley, Tamera, Craig, Sansanee S., Creighton, Sarah M., Crigger, Chad B., Crowe, James E., Jr., Culbert, Gabriel, Czinn, Steven J., Dalal, Aarti S., Dalmau, Josep, D’Andrea, Lynn A., Danziger-Isakov, Lara A., Darville, Toni, David, Richard J., Davidoff, Katharine, Davidson, Loren T., Davidson, Richard S., Davies, H. Dele, Davis, Stephanie D., Davis-Kankanamge, Christina, Daw, Najat C., Dean, Shannon L., DeBiasi, Roberta L., Delair, Shirley, DeLaroche, Amy M., De León-Crutchlow, Diva D., Oquendo Del Toro, Helen M., Del Valle Mojica, Coralee, DeMaso, David R., Dendrinos, Melina L., Dent, Arlene E., Desnick, Robert J., Deterding, Robin R., Devarajan, Prasad, deVeber, Gabrielle A., Dhar, Vineet K., Dhossche, Julie M., Diab, Liliane K., Di Carlo, Heather N., Dietz, Harry C., III, Dietze-Fiedler, Megan L., DiMeglio, Linda A., Dixon, Bradley P., DiVasta, Amy D., Dlamini, Nomazulu, Dobbs, Katherine R., Dodhia, Sonam N., Doerholt, Katja, Dolin, Cara D., Dominguez, Samuel R., Donohoue, Patricia A., Dow, Jennifer, Downes, Kevin J., Doyle, Daniel A., Doyle, Jefferson J., Dror, Yigal, Dubowitz, Howard, Dumler, J. Stephen, Duncan, Andrea F., Durant, Nefertiti H., Dvergsten, Jeffrey A., Earing, Michael G., Eberly, Col. Matthew D., Egan, Marie E., Eichenwald, Eric C., Elkadri, Abdul-Aziz K., Englander, Elizabeth, Ericson, Jessica E., Erkan, Elif, Etzel, Ruth A., Evans, Sarah Helen, Faherty, Erin, Falk, Marni J., Familiar-Lopez, Itziar, Fargo, John H., Feemster, Kristen A., Fehnel, Katie P., Feigelman, Susan, Feldman, Amy G., Feldman, Heidi M., Fels, Edward C., Felner, Eric I., Feng, Sing-Yi, Ferkol, Thomas W., Jr., Finberg, Karin E., Finder, Jonathan D., Fiorino, Kristin N., Fischer, Philip R., Fitzpatrick, Anne M., Flannery, Dustin D., Fleming, Nicholas L., Flood, Veronica H., Flores, Francisco X., Flynn, Joseph T., Flynn, Patricia M., Foglia, Elizabeth E., Forkey, Heather C., Forman, Joel A., Freeman, Alexandra F., Friedman, Deborah M., Friedman, Susan A., Friehling, Erika D., Fritz, Stephanie A., Frush, Donald P., Fuleihan, Ramsay L., Gahagan, Sheila, Gallagher, Patrick G., Galloway, David P., Gans, Hayley A., Garber, Andrea K., Gardiner, Paula M., Garibaldi, Luigi R., Gauthier, Gregory M., Gerber, Jeffrey S., Gershon, Anne A., Ghadersohi, Saied, Gibbs, Kathleen A., Gibson, Mark, Gigante, Joseph, Gigliotti, Francis, Gilley, Stephanie P., Gilliam, Walter S., Ginde, Salil, Girotto, John A., Goldfarb, Samuel B., Goldman, David L., Goldman, Stanton C., Gómez-Duarte, Oscar G., Good, Misty, Goodbody, Christine M., Goodman, Denise M., Goodman, Tracey, Goodyer, William R., Gordon, Catherine M., Gordon, Leslie B., Gordon, Rebecca J., Gordon-Lipkin, Eliza, Gorelik, Michael, Gower, W. Adam, Graber, Evan G., Graff, Zachary T., Graham, Robert J., Green, Cori M., Green, Michael, Greenbaum, Larry A., Greenbaum, V. Jordan, Greiner, Mary V., Griffiths, Anne G., Grizzle, Kenneth L., Groner, Judith A., Grumach, Anete Sevciovic, Gueye-Ndiaye, Seyni, Guz-Mark, Anat, Haamid, Fareeda, Haddad, Gabriel G., Haddad, Joseph, Jr., Haemer, Matthew A., Hagan, Joseph F., Jr., Haider, Suraiya K., Hakim, Hana, Haldeman-Englert, Chad R., Halstead, Scott B., Hamie, Lamiaa, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., Hammershaimb, E. Adrianne, Hampton, Elisa, Hamvas, Aaron, Hanchard, Neil A., Hanley, Patrick C., Hanna, Melisha G., Harijan, Pooja D., Harrison, Douglas J., Harstad, Elizabeth B., Haslam, David B., Hauck, Fern R., Havers, Fiona P., Hayes, Ericka V., Heard-Garris, Nia J., Hedrick, Holly L., Hemingway, Cheryl, Heneghan, Chelsea, Hernandez, Michelle L., Hernandez-Trujillo, Vivian P., Hernandez Tejada, Fiorela N., Herrick, Heidi M., Hershey, Andrew D., Herzog, Cynthia E., Heston, Sarah M., Hijazi, Ghada, Hill, Samantha V., Hochberg, Jessica, Hodes, Deborah, Hoefgen, Holly R., Holinger, Lauren D., Holland-Hall, Cynthia M., Hollenbach, Laura L., Holler-Managan, Yolanda F., Hooper, David K., Hooven, Thomas A., Hoover-Fong, Julie E., Hopper, Rachel K., Hord, Jeffrey D., Horn, B. David, Horstmann, Helen M., Hotez, Peter J., House, Samantha A., Howard, Ashley C., Howard, Mary Beth, Hsu, Evelyn K., Hsu, Katherine, Huddleston, Heather G., Huh, Winston W., Humphrey, Stephen R., Hunstad, David A., Hunger, Stephen P., Hunt, Carl E., Huppert, Stacey S., Huppler, Anna R., Hurt, Hallam, Izumi, Kosuke, Jackson, Allison M., Jackson, Mary Anne, Jaffe, Ashlee M., James, Kiera M., Janowski, Andrew B., Jenssen, Brian P., Jinnah, H.A., John, Chandy C., Johansen, Kari, Johnson, Susan L., Johnston, Brian D., Jongco, Artemio M., III, Josephson, Cassandra D., Joyce, Joel C., Jyonouchi, Soma, Kabbany, Mohammad Nasser, Kabbouche, Marielle, Kacperski, Joanne, Kadry, Nadia A., Kaj-Carbaidwala, Batul, Kalish, Jennifer M., Kamat, Deepak, Kansra, Alvina R., Kanter, David M., Kao, Carol M., Kapavarapu, Prasanna K., Kattan, Jacob, Kelly, Andrea, Kelly, Desmond P., Kelly, Matthew S., Kelly, Michael E., Kendi, Sadiqa, Kerem, Eitan, Kerr, Julie M., Khan, David A., Khan, Seema, Khatami, Ameneh, Khaytin, Ilya, Kier, Catherine, Kilinsky, Alexandra, Kim, Chong-Tae, Kim, Jung Won, Kim, Rosa K., King, J. Michael, Kirschen, Matthew P., Kishnani, Priya S., Klawonn, Meghan A., Klein, Bruce L., Klein, Bruce S., Kliegman, Alison S., Kliegman, Robert M., Kneyber, Martin C.J., Koch, William C., Kochanek, Patrick M., Kodish, Eric, Kohlhoff, Stephan A., Kortepeter, Mark G., Kotloff, Karen L., Koumbourlis, Anastassios C., Krause, Peter J., Krebs, Nancy F., Kreipe, Richard E., Krug, Steven E., Kwiatkowski, Janet L., Kwon, Jennifer M., Ladisch, Stephan, Lakser, Oren J., Lalor, Leah, Lam, Simon, Lambert, Michele P., Lampe, Christina, Landry, Gregory L., Lane, Wendy G., Larson, A. Noelle, LaRussa, Phillip S., Lawrence, J. Todd R., Lee, Brendan, Lee, Erica H., Leiding, Jennifer W., Lemmon, Monica E., Lesser, Daniel J., Lestrud, Steven O., Leung, Donald Y.M., Levas, Michael N., Liacouras, Chris A., Lipkin, Paul H., Liptzin, Deborah R., Liu, Andrew H., Lo, Mindy S., Lo, Stanley F., Long, Sarah S., Lord, Katherine, Macias, Charles G., Macias, Michelle M., Macumber, Ian R., Magnusson, Mark R., Magoulas, Pilar L., Maguire, Kathleen J., Mahajan, Prashant V., Majzoub, Joseph A., Mamula, Petar, Manak, Colleen K., Mangus, Courtney W., Manoli, Irini, Manzur, Adnan Y., Maqbool, Asim, Maranich, Col. Ashley M., Margetts, Miranda, Margolis, David, Marin, Mona, Marini, Joan C., Markowitz, Morri, Maroushek, Stacene R., Marsh, Justin D., Marshall, Trisha L., Martin, Kari L., Masson, Vicki K., Matalon, Dena R., Matalon, Reuben K., Mathijssen, Irene M.J., Reddy Matta, Sravan Kumar, Maxwell, Elizabeth C., Maybank, Aletha, McCabe, Megan E., McCain, Darla H., McColley, Susanna A., McConnico, Neena, McCormick, Elizabeth M., McDonald, Christine M., McGovern, Margaret M., McGrath-Morrow, Sharon A., McInerney, Alissa, McKinney, Jeffrey S., McLeod, Rima, McVay-Gillam, Marcene R., Meade, Julia C., Meehan, William P., III, Mejias, Asuncion, Melby, Peter C., Melzer-Lange, Marlene D., Merves, Jamie F., Messacar, Kevin B., Michaels, Marian G., Michniacki, Thomas F., Mikati, Mohamad A., Miller-Handley, Hilary E., Mink, Jonathan W., Mirasola, Karolyn, Mistovich, R. Justin, Mohr, Emma L., Montoya-Williams, Diana, Moon, Rachel Y., Morava, Eva, Moreno, Megan A., Morgan, Ryan W., Morrison, Peter E., Morrison, Wynne, Mukhopadhyay, Sagori, Munoz, Flor M., Munson, David A., Murphy, Timothy F., Murray, Karen F., Murray, Thomas S., Mutlu, Levent, Nagata, Jason M., Narula, Sona, Nataro, James P., Navsaria, Dipesh, Nduati, Ruth W., Nehus, Edward J., Nelson, Maureen R., Neri, Caitlin M., Nevin, Mary A., Newburger, Jane W., Newmark, Jonathan, Nield, Linda S., Niermeyer, Susan, Nocton, James J., Nogee, Lawrence M., Noje, Corina, Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna H., Obaro, Stephen K., Obeid, Makram M., O’Callaghan, Kevin P., Oleszek, Joyce L., Olitsky, Scott E., Olsson, John M., O’Neill, Meghan E., Onigbanjo, Mutiat T., Opoka, Robert O., Orenstein, Walter A., Orkin, Sarah H., Orscheln, Rachel C., Ortega, Camile, O’Toole, Timothy R., Owens, Judith A., Ozen, Seza, Pach, Sophie, Pachter, Lee M., Padhye, Amruta, Pandurangi, Sindhu, Pak-Gorstein, Suzinne, Palla, John, Palmieri, Tina L., Palmieri, Jessica M., Pappas, Diane E., Parent, John J., Parga-Belinkie, Joanna J., Parikh, Bijal A., Parker, Alasdair P.J., Partridge, Emily A., Patel, Ami B., Patel, Trusha, Patrick, Stephen W., Patterson, Briana C., Pelosi, Emanuele, Permar, Sallie R., Perry, Michael, Perry, Tamara T., Peters, Mark J., Peters, Timothy R., Peterson, Stacy J.B., Phelan, Rachel A., Pinto, Anna L., Pipan, Mary, Player, Brittany, Prince, William Benjamin, Proctor, Mark R., Prozora, Stephanie, Pryor, Howard I., II, Pyles, Lee A., Quinn, Molly M., Quint, Elisabeth H., Rabinovich, C. Egla, Raffini, Leslie J., Ragoonanan, Dristhi S., Rahman, Shamima, Ralston, Shawn L., Ram, Sanjay, Ramilo, Octavio, Ramirez, Kacy A., Rand, Casey M., Rasmussen, Sonja A., Rathke, Kevin M., Ratner, Adam J., Ratner, Lee, Reed, Ann M., Reich, Patrick J., Reif, Shimon, Reller, Megan E., Remick, Katherine E., Remiker, Allison S., Reyes, Jorge D., Richardson, Katherine M., Rintoul, Natalie E., Ritchey, A. Kim, Robinson, Angela Byun, Rodrigues, Kristine Knuti, Rogers, Michael E., Romano, Mary E., Roosevelt, Genie E., Roper, Stephen M., Rosenthal, Stephen M., Ross, A. Catharine, Rossano, Joseph W., Rothman, Jennifer A., Rotta, Alexandre T., Rozenfeld, Ranna A., Russo, Michael E., Ryan, Kelsey S., Ryan, Monique M., Ryu, Julie, Sabbagh, Sara E., Sachdev, H.P.S., Sadarangani, Manish, Sadun, Rebecca E., Sahin, Mustafa, Saint-Cyr, Martine, Salata, Robert A., Salazar, José H., Salvana, Edsel Maurice T., Samelson-Jones, Benjamin J., Sammons, Julia S., Sampson, Hugh A., Samsel, Chase B., Sandora, Thomas J., Sankar, Wudbhav N., Sarnaik, Ashok P., Sato, Alice I., Satter, Lisa Forbes, Scaggs Huang, Felicia A., Schaffzin, Joshua K., Schechter, Michael S., Schilling, Samantha, Schleiss, Mark R., Schluter, W. William, Schondelmeyer, Amanda C., Schroeder, James W., Jr., Schulte, Elaine E., Schuster, Jennifer E., Schuster, Marcy, Schuster, Mark A., Scott, Daryl A., Scott, John P., Seaborg, Kristin A., Seed, Patrick C., Serwint, Janet R., Shah, Dheeraj, Shah, Samir S., Shah, Shivang S., Shamir, Raanan, Shanti, Christina M., Shapiro, Bruce K., Shaywitz, Bennett A., Shaywitz, Sally E., Shchelochkov, Oleg A., Shulman, Stanford T., Sicherer, Scott H., Simmons, Jeffrey M., Simões, Eric A.F., Simonsen, Kari A., Simpson, Tess S., Sinclair-McBride, Keneisha R., Singh, Arunjot, Sink, Jacquelyn R., Sisk, Bryan A., Sivaraman, Vidya, Slattery, Susan M., Slavotinek, Anne M., Smith, Jessica R., Smith-Whitley, Kim, Solensky, Roland, Son, Mary Beth F., Soranno, Danielle E., Sosa, Tina K., Soto-Rivera, Carmen L., Sosinsky, Laura Stout, Souder, Emily E., Souverbielle, Cristina Tomatis, Spearman, Paul, Spiegel, David A., Spinks-Franklin, Adiaha I.A., Sprecher, Alicia J., Squires, James E., Srivastava, Siddharth, St. Geme, Joseph W., III, St. John, Rachel D., Stambough, Kathryn C., Stanberry, Lawrence R., Starke, Jeffrey R., Starr, Taylor B., Steenhoff, Andrew P., Stein, Ronen E., Steinbach, William J., Stillwell, Terri L., Stone, Deborah L., Su, Stefani, Sucato, Gina S., Suchy, Frederick J., Sullivan, Kathleen E., Swami, Sanjeev K., Szafron, Vibha A., Szilagyi, Moira, Taha, Dalal, Tan, Libo, Tantisira, Kelan G., Taylor, Alex M., Tchapyjnikov, Dmitry, Tesini, Brenda L., Theobald, Jillian L., Thielen, Beth K., Thom, Christopher S., Thornburg, Courtney D., Tieder, Joel S., Tissières, Pierre, Tolentino, Victorio R., Jr., Topjian, Alexis A., Tower, Richard L., Trachtman, Rebecca, Triebwasser, Jourdan E., Trowbridge, Sara K., Truglio, Joseph M., Tubergen, David G., Turk, Margaret A., Tymon-Rosario, Joan R., Ufberg, Paul J., Ullrich, Christina, Ullrich, Nicole, Valika, Taher S., Van Hare, George F., Van Mater, Heather A., Varnell, Charles D., Jr., Vash-Margita, Alla, Vece, Timothy J., Vemana, Aarthi P., Venditti, Charles P., Vepraskas, Sarah, Verbsky, James W., Vermilion, Jennifer A., Vickery, Brian P., Vockley, Jerry, Voynow, Judith A., Walch, Abby, Waldrop, Stephanie W., Walker, David M., Walkovich, Kelly J., Walter, Heather J., Wambach, Jennifer A., Wamithi, Susan, Wang, Julie, Wang, Marie E., Wangler, Michael F., Ware, Stephanie M., Washam, Matthew C., Wasserman, Jonathan D., Wassner, Ari J., Watson, Andrew M., Wattier, Rachel L., Weber, David R., Webster, Jennifer, Weese-Mayer, Debra E., Weinberg, Jason B., Weinman, Jason P., Weisman, Steven J., Weiss, Anna K., Weiss, Scott L., Weiss, Pamela F., Weitzman, Carol C., Wells, Lawrence, Wen, Jessica W., Wendel, Danielle R., Werlin, Steven L., Wexler, Isaiah D., Whitaker, Alexander S., White, A. Clinton, Jr., White, Perrin C., Willoughby, Rodney E., Jr., Wilschanski, Michael, Wiley, Susan E., Williams, Brendan A., Wilson, Karen M., Wilson, Pamela E., Winell, Jennifer J., Witters, Peter, Wolf, Joshua, Wolfe, Joanne, Wolfgram, Peter M., Woods, Brandon T., Wright, Benjamin L., Wright, Terry W., Wu, Eveline Y., Yagupsky, Pablo, Yang, Edward, Yang, Kesi C., Yang, Ming, Yaron, Michael, Younger, Sarah B., Yuskaitis, Christopher J., Zachariah, Philip, Zafar, Muhammad S., Zahler, Stacey G., Zajac, Lauren M., Zaky, Wafik, Zaspel, Jennifer A., Zerra, Patricia E., Zhou, Amy, Zuckerman, Barry S., and Zur, Karen B.
Published: 2025
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28. Comparative Effectiveness of Echinocandins vs Triazoles or Amphotericin B Formulations as Initial Directed Therapy for Invasive Candidiasis in Children and Adolescents

Author: Fisher, Brian T, primary, Zaoutis, Theoklis E, additional, Xiao, Rui, additional, Wattier, Rachel L, additional, Castagnola, Elio, additional, Pana, Zoi Dorothea, additional, Fullenkamp, Allison, additional, Boge, Craig L K, additional, Ross, Rachael K, additional, Yildirim, Inci, additional, Palazzi, Debra L, additional, Danziger-Isakov, Lara, additional, Vora, Surabhi B, additional, Arrieta, Antonio, additional, Yin, Dwight E, additional, Avilés-Robles, Martha, additional, Sharma, Tanvi, additional, Tribble, Alison C, additional, Maron, Gabriela, additional, Berman, David, additional, Green, Michael, additional, Sung, Lillian, additional, Romero, José, additional, Hauger, Sarmistha B, additional, Roilides, Emmanuel, additional, Belani, Kiran, additional, Nolt, Dawn, additional, Soler-Palacin, Pere, additional, López-Medina, Eduardo, additional, Muller, William J, additional, Halasa, Natasha, additional, Dulek, Daniel, additional, Hussain, Ibrahim Zaid Bin, additional, Pong, Alice, additional, Hoffman, Jill, additional, Rajan, Sujatha, additional, Gonzalez, Blanca E, additional, Hanisch, Benjamin, additional, Aftandilian, Catherine, additional, Carlesse, Fabianne, additional, Abzug, Mark J, additional, Huppler, Anna R, additional, Salvatore, Christine M, additional, Ardura, Monica I, additional, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, additional, Santolaya, Maria E, additional, Localio, A Russell, additional, and Steinbach, William J, additional
Published: 2021
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29. 25 - Mucormycosis, fusariosis, scedosporiasis, and other invasive mold diseases

Author: Wattier, Rachel L. and Steinbach, William J.
Published: 2021
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30. Multicenter Interim Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Author: Chiotos, Kathleen, Hayes, Molly, Kimberlin, David W, Jones, Sarah B, James, Scott H, Pinninti, Swetha G, Yarbrough, April, Abzug, Mark J, MacBrayne, Christine E, Soma, Vijaya L, Dulek, Daniel E, Vora, Surabhi B, Waghmare, Alpana, Wolf, Joshua, Olivero, Rosemary, Grapentine, Steven, Wattier, Rachel L, Bio, Laura, Cross, Shane J, Dillman, Nicholas O, Downes, Kevin J, Oliveira, Carlos R, Timberlake, Kathryn, Young, Jennifer, Orscheln, Rachel C, Tamma, Pranita D, Schwenk, Hayden T, Zachariah, Philip, Aldrich, Margaret L, Goldman, David L, Groves, Helen E, Rajapakse, Nipunie S, Lamb, Gabriella S, Tribble, Alison C, Hersh, Adam L, Thorell, Emily A, Denison, Mark R, Ratner, Adam J, Newland, Jason G, and Nakamura, Mari M
Subjects: Pediatric, Alanine, Evidence-Based Medicine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Antiviral Agents, Severity of Illness Index, antiviral, Adenosine Monophosphate, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Immunocompromised Host, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Risk Factors, Clinical Research, Humans, Child, Lung
Abstract: BackgroundAlthough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild infection in most children, a small proportion develop severe or critical illness. Data describing agents with potential antiviral activity continue to expand such that updated guidance is needed regarding use of these agents in children.MethodsA panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 20 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of the best available evidence and expert opinion.ResultsGiven the typically mild course of COVID-19 in children, supportive care alone is suggested for most cases. For children with severe illness, defined as a supplemental oxygen requirement without need for noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), remdesivir is suggested, preferably as part of a clinical trial if available. Remdesivir should also be considered for critically ill children requiring invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO. A duration of 5 days is appropriate for most patients. The panel recommends against the use of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir (or other protease inhibitors) for COVID-19 in children.ConclusionsAntiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For children with severe or critical disease, this guidance offers an approach for decision-making regarding use of remdesivir.
Published: 2021

31. Multicenter Initial Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Author: Chiotos, Kathleen, Hayes, Molly, Kimberlin, David W, Jones, Sarah B, James, Scott H, Pinninti, Swetha G, Yarbrough, April, Abzug, Mark J, MacBrayne, Christine E, Soma, Vijaya L, Dulek, Daniel E, Vora, Surabhi B, Waghmare, Alpana, Wolf, Joshua, Olivero, Rosemary, Grapentine, Steven, Wattier, Rachel L, Bio, Laura, Cross, Shane J, Dillman, Nicholas O, Downes, Kevin J, Timberlake, Kathryn, Young, Jennifer, Orscheln, Rachel C, Tamma, Pranita D, Schwenk, Hayden T, Zachariah, Philip, Aldrich, Margaret, Goldman, David L, Groves, Helen E, Lamb, Gabriella S, Tribble, Alison C, Hersh, Adam L, Thorell, Emily A, Denison, Mark R, Ratner, Adam J, Newland, Jason G, and Nakamura, Mari M
Subjects: Pediatric, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Antiviral Agents, Severity of Illness Index, Risk Assessment, antiviral, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Clinical Research, Humans, Patient Safety, Child, Lung, guidance
Abstract: BackgroundAlthough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mild in nearly all children, a small proportion of pediatric patients develop severe or critical illness. Guidance is therefore needed regarding use of agents with potential activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pediatrics.MethodsA panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 18 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of best available evidence and expert opinion.ResultsGiven the typically mild course of pediatric COVID-19, supportive care alone is suggested for the overwhelming majority of cases. The panel suggests a decision-making framework for antiviral therapy that weighs risks and benefits based on disease severity as indicated by respiratory support needs, with consideration on a case-by-case basis of potential pediatric risk factors for disease progression. If an antiviral is used, the panel suggests remdesivir as the preferred agent. Hydroxychloroquine could be considered for patients who are not candidates for remdesivir or when remdesivir is not available. Antivirals should preferably be used as part of a clinical trial if available.ConclusionsAntiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For those rare cases of severe or critical disease, this guidance offers an approach for decision-making regarding antivirals, informed by available data. As evidence continues to evolve rapidly, the need for updates to the guidance is anticipated.
Published: 2020

32. Initial Guidance on Use of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children and Adolescents

Author: Wolf, Joshua, primary, Abzug, Mark J, additional, Wattier, Rachel L, additional, Sue, Paul K, additional, Vora, Surabhi B, additional, Zachariah, Philip, additional, Dulek, Daniel E, additional, Waghmare, Alpana, additional, Olivero, Rosemary, additional, Downes, Kevin J, additional, James, Scott H, additional, Pinninti, Swetha G, additional, Yarbrough, April, additional, Aldrich, Margaret L, additional, MacBrayne, Christine E, additional, Soma, Vijaya L, additional, Grapentine, Steven P, additional, Oliveira, Carlos R, additional, Hayes, Molly, additional, Kimberlin, David W, additional, Jones, Sarah B, additional, Bio, Laura L, additional, Morton, Theodore H, additional, Hankins, Jane S, additional, Maron, Gabriela M, additional, Timberlake, Kathryn, additional, Young, Jennifer L, additional, Orscheln, Rachel C, additional, Schwenk, Hayden T, additional, Goldman, David L, additional, Groves, Helen E, additional, Huskins, W Charles, additional, Rajapakse, Nipunie S, additional, Lamb, Gabriella S, additional, Tribble, Alison C, additional, Lloyd, Elizabeth C, additional, Hersh, Adam L, additional, Thorell, Emily A, additional, Ratner, Adam J, additional, Chiotos, Kathleen, additional, and Nakamura, Mari M, additional
Published: 2021
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33. Synthesis of autoinducer 2 by the lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi

Author: Babb, Kelly, von Lackum, Kate, Wattier, Rachel L., Riley, Sean P., and Stevenson, Brian
Subjects: Lyme disease -- Genetic aspects, Borrelia burgdorferi -- Genetic aspects, Genetic research, Biological sciences
Abstract: Defining the metabolic capabilities and regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression is a valuable step in understanding the pathogenic properties of infectious agents such as Borrelia burgdorferi. The present studies demonstrated that B. burgdorferi encodes functional Pfs and LnxS enzymes for the breakdown of toxic products of methylation reactions. Consistent with those observations, B. burgdorferi was shown to synthesize the end product 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD) during laboratory cultivation. DPD undergoes spontaneous rearrangements to produce a class of pheromones collectively named autoinducer 2 (AI-2). Addition of in vitro-synthesized DPD to cultured B. burgdorferi resulted in differential expression of a distinct subset of proteins, including the outer surface lipoprotein VlsE. Although many bacteria can utilize the other LuxS product, homocysteine, for regeneration of methionine, B. burgdorferi was found to lack such ability. It is hypothesized that B. burgdorferi produces LuxS for the express purpose of synthesizing DPD and utilizes a form of that molecule as an AI-2 pheromone to control gene expression.
Published: 2005

34. Functionality of Borrelia burgdorferi LuxS: The Lyme disease spirochete produces and responds to the pheromone autoinducer-2 and lacks a complete activated-methyl cycle

Author: von Lackum, Kate, Babb, Kelly, Riley, Sean P., Wattier, Rachel L., Bykowski, Tomasz, and Stevenson, Brian
Published: 2006
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35. 206 - Mucormycosis and Entomophthoramycosis

Author: Wattier, Rachel L. and Steinbach, William J.
Published: 2019
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36. Multicenter Interim Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Author: Chiotos, Kathleen, primary, Hayes, Molly, additional, Kimberlin, David W, additional, Jones, Sarah B, additional, James, Scott H, additional, Pinninti, Swetha G, additional, Yarbrough, April, additional, Abzug, Mark J, additional, MacBrayne, Christine E, additional, Soma, Vijaya L, additional, Dulek, Daniel E, additional, Vora, Surabhi B, additional, Waghmare, Alpana, additional, Wolf, Joshua, additional, Olivero, Rosemary, additional, Grapentine, Steven, additional, Wattier, Rachel L, additional, Bio, Laura, additional, Cross, Shane J, additional, Dillman, Nicholas O, additional, Downes, Kevin J, additional, Oliveira, Carlos R, additional, Timberlake, Kathryn, additional, Young, Jennifer, additional, Orscheln, Rachel C, additional, Tamma, Pranita D, additional, Schwenk, Hayden T, additional, Zachariah, Philip, additional, Aldrich, Margaret L, additional, Goldman, David L, additional, Groves, Helen E, additional, Rajapakse, Nipunie S, additional, Lamb, Gabriella S, additional, Tribble, Alison C, additional, Hersh, Adam L, additional, Thorell, Emily A, additional, Denison, Mark R, additional, Ratner, Adam J, additional, Newland, Jason G, additional, and Nakamura, Mari M, additional
Published: 2020
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37. Hospital-level Antibiotic Use and Complexity of Care Among Neonates

Author: Singh, Prachi, primary, Steurer, Martina A, additional, Cantey, Joseph B, additional, and Wattier, Rachel L, additional
Published: 2019
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38. Indirect Standardization as a Case Mix Adjustment Method to Improve Comparison of Children's Hospitals' Antimicrobial Use.

Author: Wattier, Rachel L, Thurm, Cary W, Parker, Sarah K, Banerjee, Ritu, Hersh, Adam L, and Group, Pediatric Health Information System Antimicrobial Stewardship Research
Subjects: *ANTIMICROBIAL stewardship, *RESEARCH, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *CHILDREN'S hospitals, *ANTI-infective agents, *MEDICAL cooperation, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *RISK assessment, *BENCHMARKING (Management), *QUALITY assurance, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *DATA analysis software, *LONGITUDINAL method, *HOSPITAL care of children, *STANDARDS
Abstract: Antimicrobial use (AU) in days of therapy per 1000 patient-days (DOT/1000 pd) varies widely among children's hospitals. We evaluated indirect standardization to adjust AU for case mix, a source of variation inadequately addressed by current measurements. Hospitalizations from the Pediatric Health Information System were grouped into 85 clinical strata. Observed to expected (O:E) ratios were calculated by indirect standardization and compared with DOT/1000 pd. Outliers were defined by O:E z -scores. Antibacterial DOT/1000 pd ranged from 345 to 776 (2.2-fold variation; interquartile range [IQR] 552–679), whereas O:E ratios ranged from 0.8 to 1.14 (1.4-fold variation; IQR 0.93–1.05). O:E ratios were moderately correlated with DOT/1000 pd (correlation estimate 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.64; P = .0009). Using indirect standardization to adjust for case mix reduces apparent AU variation and may enhance stewardship efforts by providing adjusted comparisons to inform interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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39. 293 - Antifungal Agents

Author: Wattier, Rachel L. and Steinbach, William J.
Published: 2018
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40. Role of human polyomaviruses in respiratory tract disease in young children

Author: Wattier, Rachel L., Vazquez, Marietta, Weibel, Carla, Shapiro, Eugene D., Ferguson, David, Landry, Marie L., and Kahn, Jeffrey S.
Subjects: Respiratory tract diseases -- Risk factors, Respiratory tract diseases -- Diagnosis, Respiratory tract diseases -- Research, Polyoma virus -- Health aspects, Polyoma virus -- Research, Children -- Health aspects
Abstract: KI virus was detected in respiratory secretions of 8/367 (2.2%) symptomatic and 0/96 asymptomatic children (p = 0.215). WU virus was detected in 26/367 (7.1%) of symptomatic children and 6/96 [...]
Published: 2008

41. Capítulo 270 - Mucormicosis

Author: Wattier, Rachel L. and Steinbach, William J.
Published: 2020
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42. Immunogenicity and Safety of Alternative Influenza Vaccination Strategies in Repeated Seasons in Pediatric Hematopoietic-Cell Transplant Recipients

Author: Bahakel, Hannah, Spieker, Andrew J, Stahl, Anna, Rahman, Herdi, Amarin, Justin, Hamdan, Lubna, Dulek, Daniel E, Kitko, Carrie L, Batarseh, Einas, Haddadin, Zaid, Stewart, Laura S, Potter, Molly, Kalams, Spyros A, Schuster, Jennifer E, Coffin, Susan, Ardura, Monica I, Wattier, Rachel L, Maron, Gabriela, Bocchini, Claire E, Moulton, Elizabeth A, Grimley, Michael, Paulsen, Grant, Harrison, Christopher J, Freedman, Jason, Carpenter, Paul A, Englund, Janet A, Munoz, Flor M, Danziger-Isakov, Lara, and Halasa, Natasha
Published: 2023
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43. Contributors

Author: Aaskov, John, Adachi, Kristina, Aebi, Christoph, Alexander, Kenneth A., Al-Rawahi, Ghada N., Al-Zubeidi, Duha, Anjum, Seher, Ardura, Monica I., Arnon, Stephen S., Arrington, Amy, Arvin, Ann M., Atmar, Robert L., Baker, Amira, Baker, Carol J., Baltimore, Robert S., Barenkamp, Stephen J., Barnett, Elizabeth D., Barton, Theresa, Benard, Gil, Bender, Jeffrey M., Berry, Gregory J., Bhatt, Amit, Bluestone, Charles D., Blumer, Jeffrey L., Bocchini, Claire, Boyer, Kenneth M., Bradley, John S., Brasil, Patricia, Britt, William J., Bronstein, David E., Bruckner, David A., Bryant, Kristina A., Buckingham, Steven C., Byington, Carrie L., Cabada, Miguel M., Cadilla, Adriana, Campbell, Judith R., Caron, Justin E., Carrillo-Marquez, Maria, Casey, Janet R., Castagnini, Luis A., Chacko, Mariam R., Chandramohan, Lakshmi, Chapman, Louisa E., Charrel, Remi N., Chea-Woo, Elsa, Cheifetz, Ira M., Chen, Tempe K., Cherry, James D., Chinen, Javier, Ching, Natascha, Chinn, Ivan K., Christenson, John C., Coffin, Susan E., Correa, Armando G., Cox, Elaine G., Crews, Jonathan D., Cruz, Andrea T., Davidovics, Zev, Dehority, Walter N., de Lamballerie, Xavier, Dennehy, Penelope H., Doan, Minh L., Dobson, Simon R., Drutz, Jan E., Dubray, Kara A., Duppenthaler, Andrea, Dvorak, Christopher C., Edelstein, Paul H., Edwards, Kathryn M., Edwards, Morven S., El-Kamary, Samer S., Englund, Janet A., Ericson, Jessica, Fan, Leland L., Federman, Myke, Fernando, Pedro, Fischer, Philip R., Fisher, Brian T., Fisher, Randall G., Fishman, Douglas S., Flores, Anthony R., Foster, Catherine, Friedman, Ellen M., Gabaglia, Claudia Raja, Garcia, Lynne S., Gauthier, Gregory M., Gershon, Anne A., Gigliotti, Francis, Gilger, Mark A., Gillespie, Susan L., Glaser, Carol A., Goldman, David L., Goldman, Jennifer L., Goldstein, Nira A., Gonzalez, Blanca E., Green, Michael D., Groll, Andreas, Grose, Charles, Gubler, Duane J., Guevara, Javier Nieto, Hall, Caroline B., Hall, Roy A., Halstead, Scott B., Hamano, Shinjiro, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., Hannemann, Nicole L., Hanson, I. Celine, Harik, Nada, Harriman, Kathleen H., Harrison, Gail J., Healy, C. Mary, Heininger, Ulrich, Hemming-Harlo, Maria, Henderson, Sheryl L., Heresi, Gloria P., Hiatt, Peter W., Hill, Harry R., Hilmers, David C., Hoffman, Jill A., Hotez, Peter J., Howard, Leigh M., Hulten, Kristina G., Humphries, Romney M., Hunstad, David A., Hunt, W. Garrett, Huskins, W. Charles, Hyun, David Y., Jackson, Mary Anne, Jacobs, Michael R., Jacobs, Richard F., Jhaveri, Ravi, Odom, Audrey R., Johnston, Samantha H., Julapalli, Meena R., Kaplan, Sheldon L., Kearns, Gregory L., Khouri, Jessica M., Kim, Kwang Sik, Kim, Yae-Jean, King, Katherine Y., Kirchhoff, Louis V., Kleiman, Martin B., Klein, Bruce S., Kohlhoff, Stephan A., Kollmann, Tobias R., Korpe, Poonum S., Kosek, Margaret, Koster, Michael P., Krause, Peter J., Krilov, Leonard R., Krogstad, Paul, Krysan, Damian J., Kuan, Edward, Kuhls, Thomas, Labuda, Sarah M., Lantos, Paul M., La Pine, Timothy R., Heinimäki, Suvi, Larkin, Jerome M., Laurens, Matthew B., Leach, Charles T., Leber, Amy, Leggiadro, Robert J., Lehman, Deborah, Lennon, Diana R., Leung, Daniel H., Levy, Moise L., Linam, W. Matthew, Logan, Latania K., Lotze, Timothy E., Lucero, Yalda C., Lugo, Debra J., Luk, Berkley, Maloney, Susan A., Mann, Michelle C., Marquez, Lucila, Martin, Kimberly C., Mascola, Laurene, Mason, Edward O., Jr, Maspons, Aldo, Mazade, Marc A., McBride, Holly E., McCullers, Jonathan A., McIntosh, Kenneth, McJunkin, James E., McKee, Kelly T., Jr, McKinney, Ross, Jr, McNeil, J. Chase, Mejia, Rojelio, Mejias, Asuncion, Mendes Giannini, Maria José Soares, Michaels, Marian G., Michelow, Ian C., Miller, Marjorie J., Mills, James N., Mithal, Leena B., Moffett, Kathryn S., Montes, Martin, Muller, Martha, Mungwira, Randy George, Murphy, James R., Nadipuram, Santhosh M., Nataro, James P., Needham, Heather, Nielsen-Saines, Karin, Nieves, Delma J., Oberhelman, Richard, Ochoa, Theresa J., Olivero, Rosemary M., O'Ryan, Miguel, Overturf, Gary D., Palazzi, Debra L., Pannaraj, Pia S., Patel, Janak A., Paul, Mary E., Pelton, Stephen I., Pence, Morgan A., Perfect, John R., Peters, C.J., Petri, William A., Jr, Pham, Yen H., Pinheiro, Francisco P., Pinsky, Benjamin A., Pong, Alice, Porsch, Eric A., Purcell, Joan S., Quanquin, Natalie M., Quinn, Kevin K., Abdel-Rahman, Susan M., Ramilo, Octavio, Ramraj, Ramya, Revell, Paula A., Rimoin, Anne W., Romero, José R., Ross, Lawrence, Rowley, Anne H., Rupprecht, Charles E., Saez-Llorens, Xavier, Sammons, Julia Shaklee, Sánchez, Pablo, Sande, Linette, Santisteban-Ponce, Javier, Sass, Laura A., Scholand, Stephen J., Schulte, Danica J., Schuster, Jennifer E., Schutze, Gordon E., Seed, Patrick C., Serpa, Jose A., Shah, Samir S., Shapiro, Eugene D., Shapiro, Nina L., Shearer, William T., Shimizu-Cohen, Robyn, Shulman, Stanford T., Shehab, Kareem W., Shehab, Ziad M., Simos, Constantine, Smit, Michael A., Smith, P. Brian, Soni, Priya R., Sood, Sunil K., Staat, Mary Allen, Stark, Damien, Starke, Jeffrey R., Statler, Victoria A., Stechenberg, Barbara W., Steinbach, William J., St. Geme, Joseph W., III, Suen, Jeffrey, Sung, Lillian, Swanson, Douglas S., Tan, Tina Q., Taylor, Ruston S., Tolle, Michael A., Toltzis, Philip, Tomko, Stuart R., Tosi, Michael F., Tovar Padua, Leidy J., Travassos da Rosa, Amelia P.A., Tsai, Theodore F., Vahabzadeh-Hagh, Andrew M., Velarde, Jorge J., Vallejo, Jesus G., Vanchiere, John A., Venick, Robert S., Verma, Sanjay, Versalovic, James, Vesikari, Timo, Wald, Ellen R., Walsh, Thomas J., Ward, Mark A., Wattier, Rachel L., Way, Sing Sing, Weatherhead, Jill, Weinberg, Michelle, Weinberg, Nicholas, Wellington, Melanie, Welliver, Robert C., Sr, Wheeler, J. Gary, White, A. Clinton, Jr, Whitworth, Suzanne, Wiedermann, Bernhard L., Williams, John V., Williams-Bouyer, Natalie M., Woods, Charles R., Jr, Wright, Terry W., Yeganeh, Nave, Young, Edward J., Zakhour, Ramia, and Zaoutis, Theoklis
Published: 2019
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44. A Prospective, International Cohort Study of Invasive Mold Infections in Children

Author: Wattier, Rachel L., primary, Dvorak, Christopher C., additional, Hoffman, Jill A., additional, Brozovich, Ava A., additional, Bin-Hussain, Ibrahim, additional, Groll, Andreas H., additional, Castagnola, Elio, additional, Knapp, Katherine M., additional, Zaoutis, Theoklis E., additional, Gustafsson, Britt, additional, Sung, Lillian, additional, Berman, David, additional, Halasa, Natasha B., additional, Abzug, Mark J., additional, Velegraki, Aristea, additional, Sharma, Tanvi S., additional, Fisher, Brian T., additional, and Steinbach, William J., additional
Published: 2014
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45. Quorum sensing by the Lyme disease spirochete

Author: Stevenson, Brian, primary, von Lackum, Kate, additional, Wattier, Rachel L., additional, McAlister, Jason D., additional, Miller, Jennifer C., additional, and Babb, Kelly, additional
Published: 2003
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