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The current study examined the optimal period length using wavelet analysis assuming that TV audience ratings are indicators of field intensity that affects field random number generator (RNG) outputs. As TV programs around the New Year often have high ratings, we focused on these programs in 2012 in Japan. Using Psyleron, Rpg102, and Orion as physical RNG devices, the sum of squares of RNG outputs during 288 selected programs were decomposed into multiple levels from periods of 250 ms to 256 s through a Haar wavelet filter. Unexpectedly, the wavelet filter could not find sensitive periods, whereas an ANCOVA suggested that Rpg102 might detect audience rating effects over almost the whole range of wavelengths. Psyleron and Orion devices showed null results. These results suggest that RNG behavior cannot be described by physical signal modeling. There is a possibility of canceling effects in RNG outputs, and this may be a subject for a future study. Keywords: Psyleron, Rpg102, Orion, Kohaku, TV audience rating Este estudio examino la duracion optima de longitud de periodo usando un analisis wavelet suponiendo que los indices de audiencia de television son indicadores de la intensidad de campo que afecta al producto de un generador de numeros aleatorios de campo (RNG). Ya que los programas de television de Ano Nuevo a menudo tienen altos indices de audiencia, nos centramos en estos programas en 2012 en Japon. Usando Psyleron, Rpg102, y Orion como dispositivos RNG fisicos, la suma de los cuadrados de los resultados de RNG durante 288 programas seleccionados fueron descompuestos en multiples niveles de periodos de 250 ms a 256 s a traves de un filtro de wavelets Haar. Inesperadamente, el filtro de wavelets no pudo encontrar periodos sensibles, mientras que un ANCOVA sugirio que el Rpg102 pudo detectar los efectos de la audiencia en casi toda la gama de longitudes de onda. Los dispositivos Psyleron y Orion mostraron resultados nulos. Estos resultados sugieren que el comportamiento RNG no puede ser descrito como modelamiento de la senal fisica. Hay la posibilidad de efectos de cancelacion en resultados RNG, lo que puede ser un tema para un estudio futuro. La presente etude examine la longueur de la periode optimale en utilisant l'analyse parondelette en faisant l'hypothese que les taux d'audience televisuelle sont des indicateurs de l'intensite du champ qui affecte les donnees sortantes d'un generateur de champ aleatoire de champ (GNA). Comme les programmes tele autour du Nouvel an engrangent souvent des audiences elevees, nous nous sommes focalises sur ces programmes en 2012 au Japon. En employant un Psyleron, un Rpg102, et un Orion en tant que dispositifs GNA, la somme des carres des donnees GNA durant les 288 programmes selectionnes fut decomposee en de multiples niveaux pour des periodes de 250 ms a 256 s, a travers un filtre d'ondelette de Haar. De facon inattendue, le filtre a ondelette ne parvint pas a trouver des periodes sensibles, tandis qu'une ANCOVA a suggere que le Rpg102 pourrait avoir detecte des effets de taux d'audience sur presque toute la gamme des longueurs d'onde. Les dispositifs Psyleron et Orion montrerent des resultats nuis. Ces resultats suggerent que le comportement du GNA ne peut pas etre decrit par une modelisation en signal physique. Il y a une possibilite d'effets d'annulation dans les donnees GNA, et cela pourrait etre le sujet d'une etude future. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte mit Hilfe einer Wavelet-Analyse die optimale Periodenlange unter der Annahme, dass TV-Einschaltquoten Indikatoren fur die Intensitat eines Feldes sind, das sich auf den Output tragbarer Zufallszahlengeneratoren (RNG) auswirkt. Da TV-Programme zum Jahreswechsel oft hohe Einschaltquoten haben, haben wir uns 2012 auf diese japanischen Programme konzentriert. Unter Verwendung von Psyleron, Rpg102 und Orion als physikalische RNG-Gerate wurden die Quadratsummen der RNG-Daten wahrend 288 ausgewahlter Programme in mehreren Stufen in Perioden von 250 ms bis 256 sec mittels eines Haar-Wavelet-Filters zerlegt. Wider Erwarten konnte der Wavelet-Filter keine sensitiven Perioden entdecken, wohingegen eine ANCOVA anzeigte, dass der Rpg 102 Effekte bei Publikums-Einschaltquoten praktisch uber das gesamte Spektrum der Wellenlangen hinweg entdeckt haben konnte. Psyleron und Orion zeigten keine Resultate. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sich das RNG-Verhalten nicht mittels physikalischer Signalmodellierung beschreiben lasst. Es besteht die Moglichkeit ausloschender Effekte bei RNG-Outputs, und dies konnte Gegenstand einer zukunftigen Studie sein., Exploration de la longueur optimale des donnees sortantes pour des GNA de champ en utilisant un filtre d'ondelette de Haar: les taux d'audience televisuelle pour le nouvel an 2012 au [...]

Using wavelet transform (WT), this study analyzes the surface wind data collected by the portable wind towers during the landfalls of six hurricanes and one tropical storm in the 2002-04 seasons. The WT, which decomposes a time series onto the scale-time domain, provides a means to investigate the role of turbulent eddies in the vertical transport in the unsteady, inhomogeneous hurricane surface layer. The normalized WT power spectra (NWPS) show that the hurricane boundary layer roll vortices tend to suppress the eddy circulations immediately adjacent to rolls, but they do not appear to have a substantial effect on eddies smaller than 100 m. For low-wind conditions with surface wind speeds less than 10 m [s.sup.-1], the contributions of small eddies ( DOI: 10.1175/2010JAS3437.1

Problem statement: This study proposed an approach for classification of placental tissues development using ultrasound images. Approach: This approach was based to the selection of tissues, feature extraction by discrete wavelet transform and classification by neural network and especially the Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP). Results: The proposed approach was tested for ultrasound placental images; resulting in 95% success rate. Conclusion/Recommendations: The method showed a good recognition for placental tissues and will be useful for detection of the placental anomalies those concerning the premature birth and the intrauterine growth retardation. Key words: Placenta, wavelet transform, neural network, MLP, INTRODUCTION An ultrasound diagnostic system has become an important and popular diagnostic tool since it has a wide range of applications. Specifically, due to its noninvasive and non-destructive nature, the [...]

A two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform employing a real mother wavelet is applied to phase analysis of spatial carrier fringe patterns. In this method, a Hilbert transform is first performed on a carrier fringe pattern to get an analytic signal. Then a two-dimensional wavelet transform is calculated for the signal that is yielded by the first transform. Finally, the height-demodulated phase information can be gotten from the wavelet transform coefficients at the wavelet ridge position. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated by using computer-generated and real fringe patterns. The result performed better than that of one-dimensional real wavelet transform algorithms in the area with phase discontinuous points and high phase variation, especially when there is much noise in the fringe patterns. Computer simulations and experiments verified the validity of the proposed method. [c] 2009 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 100.2650, 100.5070, 100.7410.

TASK channels are acid-sensitive and anesthetic-activated members of the family of two-pore-domain potassium channels. We have made the surprising discovery that the genetic ablation of TASK-3 channels eliminates a specific type of theta oscillation in the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) resembling type II theta (4-9 Hz), which is thought to be important in processing sensory stimuli before initiating motor activity. In contrast, ablation of TASK-1 channels has no effect on theta oscillations. Despite the absence of type II theta oscillations in the TASK-3 knockout (KO) mice, the related type I theta, which has certain neuronal pathways in common and is involved in exploratory behavior, is unaffected. In addition to the absence of type II theta oscillations, the TASK-3 KO animals show marked alterations in both anesthetic sensitivity and natural sleep behavior. Their sensitivity to halothane, a potent activator of TASK channels, is greatly reduced, whereas their sensitivity to cyclopropane, which does not activate TASK-3 channels, is unchanged. The TASK-3 KO animals exhibit a slower progression from their waking to sleeping states and, during their sleeping period, their sleep episodes as well as their REM theta oscillations are more fragmented. These results imply a previously unexpected role for TASK-3 channels in the cellular mechanisms underlying these behaviors and suggest that endogenous modulators of these channels may regulate theta oscillations. EEG | knockout | REM | theta | wavelet doi/ 10.1073/pnas.0907228106

Starting from the model proposed by the authors to analyze the time-evolution of bedforms growing on the surface of an initially flat sand bed, the present study explores associated features of the bedform growth processes, including (i) mechanisms of growth, (ii) evolution of the bedform-induced drag, (iii) transition to antidunes, and (iv) non-equilibrium bedload sediment transport. Key words: bedform, sand-wavelet, ripple, dune, antidune, growth, evolution, transition, non-equilibrium, bedload. La presente etude, basee sur le modele propose par les auteurs pour analyser l'evolution dans le temps des morphologies de fond croissant sur la surface d'un lit de sable initialement plat, explore les caracteristiques associees aux procedes de croissance des morphologies de fond incluant (i) les mecanismes de croissance, (ii) l'evolution de la resistance causee par la morphologie de fond, (iii) la transition des antidunes et (iv) le transport des sediments de la charge de fond hors d'equilibre. Mots-cles : morphologie de fond, ondelette de sable, ride, dune, antidune, croissance, evolution, transition, hors d'equilibre, charge de fond. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction The presence of bed forms on the bed of a stream affects the stream hydraulics and the transport of sediments and substances moving with the material of the bed [...]

Multiresolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation has been proven to be beneficial in a variety of applications such as improved imaging and target detection as well as speckle reduction. SAR signal processing traditionally carried out in the Fourier domain has inherent limitations in the context of image formation at hierarchical scales. We present a generalized approach to the formation of multiresolution SAR images using biorthogonal shift-invariant discrete wavelet transform (SIDWT) in both range and azimuth directions. Particularly in azimuth, the inherent subband decomposition property of wavelet packet transform is introduced to produce multiscale complex matched filtering without involving any approximations. This generalized approach also includes the formulation of multilook processing within the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) paradigm. The efficiency of the algorithm in parallel form of execution to generate hierarchical scale SAR images is shown. Analytical results and sample imagery of diffuse backscatter are presented to validate the method.

A wavelet-transform (WT)-based power-quality (PQ) monitoring system captures voltage and current waveforms, when magnitudes of WT coefficients exceed the set threshold values across the scales. Alot of literatures has proposed several methods based on WT to detect and classify PQ disturbances. But a problem in the practical implementation of the wavelet-based triggering method is the presence of noise, riding on the signal. The presence of noise not only degrades the detection capability of wavelet-based PQ monitoring systems but also hinders the recovery of important information from the captured waveform for time localization and classification of the disturbances. Therefore, to enhance the performance of WT-based monitoring systems and to improve the classification accuracy of WT-based classifiers, two standard statistical hypothesis test-based denoising procedures have been proposed in this paper. Extensive tests conducted on the data obtained from simulations of a practical distribution system confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in denoising of the PQ waveforms. Index Terms--Data-dependent thresholding, power-quality (PQ) monitoring, statistical signal denoising, wavelet transform (WT).

This paper presents an analysis result of using the frequency distribution of leakage current to monitor insulator performance in salt-fog environments. Experiments have been carried out on silicone rubber insulator by injecting salt fog into an artificial fog chamber with an ultrasonic vibration salt-fog generator and applying an ac voltage of 30 kVrms at 50 Hz as the test voltage. Based on the frequency distribution extracted by a wavelet transform technique, the measured leakage current is separated into the low-, intermediate-, and high-frequency components. Cumulative charge at each frequency component is obtained by a time-integral method and found to correlate the frequency components and the insulator performance. Obtained results show that high-frequency components are more effective than low-frequency components on monitoring insulator performance in salt-fog environments. Index Terms--Cumulative charge, frequency distribution, leakage current, salt-fog environments, silicone rubber insulator, wavelet transform.

This paper presents a wavelet based technique for monitoring and measuring nonstationary power system disturbances. A significant improvement in monitoring efficiency is achieved by processing signals through Kaiser's window. This improvement is characterized by sparsity, separation, super-resolution, and stability. The maximum expansion coefficient extracted at each resolution level, the indices and sign of these coefficients at a super-resolution are used to monitor and measure the nonstationary behavior of signals. The proposed tool depends on the expansion coefficients and no reconstruction of these coefficients is required. The proposed monitoring technique is evaluated using large data sets of randomly variable magnitudes and frequencies. Index Terms--Fast Fourier transform, Kaiser's window, multiresolution analysis and wavelet transform, nonstationary disturbances.

This paper presents an efficient methodology for estimating the damping of a power system in which multiple resonant frequency components exist. The proposed method was developed using the analytic wavelet transforms and requires only the intrinsic transient portion of the voltage waveform (i.e., the free response due to capacitor bank energizing). The method can estimate the damping ratios of the selected modes and is free from the unimodal restriction of the Hilbert damping analysis. Thus, the method can provide more accurate system modal information. Index Terms--Capacitor switching, damping, power quality (PQ), switching transients.

This paper introduces a novel modulation technique for single-phase (1[phi]) voltage-source (VS) dc-ac power inverters. The proposed modulation technique is based on a newly designed scaling function that is capable of supporting a nonuniform recurrent sampling process. This scaling function generates sets of basis functions that span spaces, of which a collection constructs a nondyadic-type multiresolution analysis. Furthermore, the newly designed scaling function has a dual synthesis scaling function that is designed to reconstruct continuous-time signals from their nonuniform recurrent samples. The proposed wavelet modulation technique is implemented using a MATLAB code that generates switching pulses to activate a SIMULINK model of a 1[phi] VS four-pulse (H-bridge) inverter. Several performance tests are conducted for the proposed wavelet-modulated (WM) inverter, when supplying linear, nonlinear, static, and dynamic loads. The results of these tests show significant reduction of the output harmonics along with high magnitude of the output fundamental component. The efficacy of the proposed WM inverter is further demonstrated through a comparison of the random pulsewidth modulation (RPWM) and the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverters for supplying the same loads. The comparison results show that the proposed WM inverter is capable of producing outputs with higher quality than the RPWM and PWM inverters. Index Terms--Haar scaling function, Lagrange interpolating functions and Fourier analysis, nonuniform recurrent sampling, random pulsewidth modulation (RPWM) and conventional PWM inverters, sampling theorem, single-phase voltage-source (VS) four-pulse inverters, wavelet-based multiresolution analysis (MRA).

It is well known that removing cloud-contaminated portions of a remotely sensed image and then filling in the missing data represent an important photo editing cumbersome task. In this paper, an efficient inpainting technique for the reconstruction of areas obscured by clouds or cloud shadows in remotely sensed images is presented. This technique is based on the Bandelet transform and the multiscale geometrical grouping. It consists of two steps. In the first step, the curves of geometric flow of different zones of the image are determined by using the Bandelet transform with multiscale grouping. This step allows an efficient representation of the multiscale geometry of the image's structures. Having well represented this geometry, the information inside the cloud-contaminated zone is synthesized by propagating the geometrical flow curves inside that zone. This step is accomplished by minimizing a functional whose role is to reconstruct the missing or cloud contaminated zone independently of the size and topology of the inpainting domain. The proposed technique is illustrated with some examples on processing aerial images. The obtained results are compared with those obtained by other clouds removal techniques. Index Terms--Image reconstruction, image restoration, wavelets.

This paper presents the results of our study of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) running under demagnetization. We examined the effect of demagnetization on the current spectrum of PMSMs with the aim of developing an effective condition-monitoring scheme. Harmonics of the stator currents induced by the fault conditions are examined. Simulation by means of a two-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA) software package and experimental results are presented to substantiate the successful application of the proposed method over a wide range of motor operation conditions. Methods based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been successfully applied to detect and to discriminate demagnetization faults in PMSM motors under nonstationary conditions. Additionally, a reduced set of easy-to-compute discriminating features for both CWT and DWT methods has been defined. We have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method by means of experimental results. Index Terms--Demagnetization, fault diagnosis, finite-element methods, permanent-magnet synchronous motor, process monitoring, wavelet transforms.

Aggregated signals are referred to as the measurements of system-level responses generated by the multiple operations embedded in a system. While an extensive literature exists on the analysis of general signal profiles, limited research has been performed on the topic of how to map features of the aggregated signals to the responses of individual operations, which is important for individual operation performance monitoring and assessment. In this paper, a two-step mapping algorithm is developed to obtain those mapping features using a mutiscale wavelet analysis integrated with statistical hypothesis testing and engineering knowledge. It is shown that multiscale wavelet analysis is effective for mapping aggregated signals to the embedded individual operations that generate localized time-frequency responses. This algorithm is further demonstrated in a stamping process, in which the extracted wavelet coefficients of aggregated press tonnage signals are explicitly mapped to individual or a few contributing embedded operations. The mapping allows for efficient monitoring and quality assessment of the embedded operations based on the aggregated signals, thereby avoiding installing additional in-die sensors in all operations. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of IIE Transactions for the following free supplemental resource: Appendix] Keywords: Aggregated signal, profile analysis, wavelet analysis, multistage process., 1. Introduction In general, a complex system consists of multiple embedded operations. Although the separate measurement of individual operation responses can provide explicit diagnostic information for system monitoring, it is [...]

We investigate image and video denoising using adaptive dual-tree discrete wavelet packets (ADDWP), which is extended from the dual-tree discrete wavelet transform (DDWT). With ADDWP, DDWT subbands are further decomposed into wavelet packets with anisotropic decomposition, so that the resulting wavelets have elongated support regions and more orientations than DDWT wavelets. To determine the decomposition structure, we develop a greedy basis selection algorithm for ADDWP, which has significantly lower computational complexity than a previously developed optimal basis selection algorithm, with only slight performance loss. For denoising the ADDWP coefficients, a statistical model is used to exploit the dependency between the real and imaginary parts of the coefficients. The proposed denoising scheme gives better performance than several state-of-the-art DDWT-based schemes for images with rich directional features. Moreover, our scheme shows promising results without using motion estimation in video denoising. The visual quality of images and videos denoised by the proposed scheme is also superior. Index Terms--Anisotropic decomposition, complex wavelet packets, directional transform, image denoising, video denoising.