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Owing to the high strength and hardness of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS), the die materials for AHSS sheet stamping must have superior mechanical properties. A novel carburization technology on high-chromium, low-carbon, low-cost stainless steel XCr13 was used to achieve a hardness of approximately 60 HRC, with a carburized layer of approximately 0.5 mm; these specifications meet the requirements of AHSS sheet stamping. To evaluate the wear characteristics of the treated XCr13, regular pin-on-disk wear tests were performed under dry sliding conditions at room temperature. JIS SKD11, a popular cold work die material, was also tested and compared with XCr13. A numerical simulation model for AHSS sheet flanging with a W-shaped specimen was set up in ABAQUS, and the user subroutine UMESHMOTION was used to evaluate the wear resistance of the two die materials, including the wear surface profile, wear depth, and wear severity index value. For JIS SKD11, the agreement between the simulation and experiment results was good, which verifies the reliability and accuracy of the proposed wear simulation model and method. It was found that the wear resistance of carburized XCr13 was at the same level as that of JIS SKD11 because of the carburized zone. Further, carburized XCr13 can work well as a die material for AHSS stamping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wear resistance capability of die surfacing layer under different Post-Welding Heat Treatments (PWHT) was analysed by Finite Element (FE) simulation and experiments. Taking hot forging process of a crankshaft as an example, a wear model of the hot forging die coated with surfacing layer was established using FE software DEFORM-3D. The simulation results indicated that the wear resistance capability of the die surfacing layer is optimal when tempering temperature and holding time are 550 °C and 4 h respectively. To verify the wear computational results, 16 groups of PWHT orthogonal wear tests were performed at a temperature of 400 °C, which is a similar temperature to that occurs in an actual hot forging die. The wear-test result showed a good agreement with the FE simulation. SEM observation of the wear debris on 16 specimens showed that oxidative wear is dominant when the temperature was in 400 °C. Furthermore, when tempering temperature and holding time were 550 °C and 4 h respectively, the carbide alloy dispersively distributes in the metallographic structure, which helps to improve the wear resistance of the surfacing layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wear resistance capability of die surfacing layer under different Post-Welding Heat Treatments (PWHT) was analysed by Finite Element (FE) simulation and experiments. Taking hot forging process of a crankshaft as an example, a wear model of the hot forging die coated with surfacing layer was established using FE software DEFORM-3D. The simulation results indicated that the wear resistance capability of the die surfacing layer is optimal when tempering temperature and holding time are 550 °C and 4 h respectively. To verify the wear computational results, 16 groups of PWHT orthogonal wear tests were performed at a temperature of 400 °C, which is a similar temperature to that occurs in an actual hot forging die. The wear-test result showed a good agreement with the FE simulation. SEM observation of the wear debris on 16 specimens showed that oxidative wear is dominant when the temperature was in 400 °C. Furthermore, when tempering temperature and holding time were 550 °C and 4 h respectively, the carbide alloy dispersively distributes in the metallographic structure, which helps to improve the wear resistance of the surfacing layer.