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In this article, the author focuses on the need for prenatal counselling in order to help alleviate anxiety when sonography reveals potential congenital disorder. Topics discussed include benefits of prenatal counselling in providing useful information to parents allowing them to make choices with respect to pregnancy termination; observation of congenital urinary tract anomalies and chronic kidney disease in parents of fetuses; and positive impact of counselling over parental anxiety.

Background: Simulation‐based medical education (SBME) is an integral part of undergraduate and postgraduate training in high‐income countries (HICs). Despite potential benefits to low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), it has not been widely applied. Our aim was to use SBME to address some essential paediatric surgery learning needs in a LMIC. Methods: Eleven SBME courses were designed, implemented and evaluated over a 4‐year period in partnership with local paediatric surgeons and the University of Medicine 1 in Yangon, Myanmar. All courses were simulation‐based and different major SBME modalities were utilized. Evaluation included pre‐ and post‐course questionnaires, other evaluation assessments including Likert scale self‐rated confidence in different domains, as well as, mixed method evaluation and Kirkpatrick's hierarchy of evaluation. Results: Over 4 years, a multidisciplinary team consisting of surgical consultants, fellows, and educational specialists delivered 11 courses at a tertiary LMIC paediatric surgical centre. Attendance varied between 23 and 50 healthcare professionals, with some participants attending all of the educational activities. SBME modalities were utilized to meet each courses' learning objectives. All educational courses scored highly and showed statistically significant differences in all the self‐rated pre and post‐course confidence Likert scale domains. SBME was accepted and embraced by local participants and faculty, and transition to local delivery of educational content has begun. Level 4 of Kirkpatrick's hierarchy of evaluation was demonstrated. Conclusion: SBME can be used to meet essential learning objectives of local staff in a LMIC. Through various modalities, it offers a reliable, proven and affordable means of teaching multiple aspects of paediatric surgical clinical practice. By employing innovative simulation‐based solutions, it can be adapted by local faculty to continue meeting ongoing learning needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intussusception is a common, potentially life‐threatening paediatric condition. Non‐operative treatment with an air enema has been established as the clinical gold standard. There is no validated model for the training of this procedure. Our aim was to produce a novel air enema reduction simulator and validate its use as a training tool. Methods: A low‐cost paediatric intussusception air enema simulator was created. It was designed to include essential key clinical procedural steps. Participants included both procedural experts and novices from the Departments of Paediatric Radiology and Surgery. The simulator was assessed for face and content validity and its physical, conceptual and experiential fidelity by a structured questionnaire using a 5‐point Likert's scale. Statistical analysis included a t‐test, and a P‐value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Twenty‐four clinicians completed the simulation activity (expert: 13 and novices: 11). All experts had performed a minimum of 40 clinical procedures, and 46% had performed >50 procedures. All scores were favourable in all domains for face and content validity: 3.5 (physical appearance), 3.3 (insertion of the tube and taping), 3.1 (holding of the buttocks) and 3.5 (performing the air enema). The simulator also scored highly with fidelity assessment; visual 3.5, conceptual 3.4. There was no difference in procedural confidence with experts (3.8 versus 3.6, P = 0.28), but there was for novices (1.0 versus 2.9, P = 0.0002). Conclusions: This low‐cost air enema reduction simulator for intussusception has an excellent educational potential for use in a training program in a tertiary centre, as well as, resource‐constrained environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the association of multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) and calyceal diverticulum in children. It states that MCDK may be associated with conralateral genitourinary abnormalities which include dysplasia or vesico-ureteric reflux wherein regular screening is essential. It mentions that screening must be continued until adolescence since calyceal diverticulae can occur in a later stage.