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3. A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem.

Author

Walker, Tom WN, Janssens, Ivan A, Weedon, James T, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D, Richter, Andreas, Peñuelas, Josep, Leblans, Niki IW, Bahn, Michael, Bartrons, Mireia, De Jonge, Cindy, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Gargallo-Garriga, Albert, Gunnarsdóttir, Gunnhildur E, Marañón-Jiménez, Sara, Oddsdóttir, Edda S, Ostonen, Ivika, Poeplau, Christopher, Prommer, Judith, Radujković, Dajana, Sardans, Jordi, Sigurðsson, Páll, Soong, Jennifer L, Vicca, Sara, Wallander, Håkan, Ilieva-Makulec, Krassimira, and Verbruggen, Erik

Subjects
Soil, Ecosystem, Climate Change, Carbon Cycle, Grassland
Abstract

Temperature governs most biotic processes, yet we know little about how warming affects whole ecosystems. Here we examined the responses of 128 components of a subarctic grassland to either 5-8 or >50 years of soil warming. Warming of >50 years drove the ecosystem to a new steady state possessing a distinct biotic composition and reduced species richness, biomass and soil organic matter. However, the warmed state was preceded by an overreaction to warming, which was related to organism physiology and was evident after 5-8 years. Ignoring this overreaction yielded errors of >100% for 83 variables when predicting their responses to a realistic warming scenario of 1 °C over 50 years, although some, including soil carbon content, remained stable after 5-8 years. This study challenges long-term ecosystem predictions made from short-term observations, and provides a framework for characterization of ecosystem responses to sustained climate change.

Published
2020

6. Leaf functional traits predict timing of nutrient resorption and carbon depletion in deciduous subarctic plants.

Author

Hu, Yu‐Kun, Schollert, Michelle, Aerts, Rien, van Logtestijn, Richard S. P., Weedon, James T., and Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.

Subjects
RESORPTION (Physiology), PLANT conservation, NUTRIENT cycles, DECIDUOUS plants, NITROGEN cycle
Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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15. Arctic rooting depth distribution influences modelled carbon emissions but cannot be inferred from aboveground vegetation type

Author

Blume-Werry, Gesche, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Keuper, Frida, Kummu, Matti, Wild, Birgit, Weedon, James T., Blume-Werry, Gesche, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Keuper, Frida, Kummu, Matti, Wild, Birgit, and Weedon, James T.

Abstract

The distribution of roots throughout the soil drives depth-dependent plant–soil interactions and ecosystem processes, particularly in arctic tundra where plant biomass, is predominantly belowground. Vegetation is usually classified from aboveground, but it is unclear whether such classifications are suitable to estimate belowground attributes and their consequences, such as rooting depth distribution and its influence on carbon cycling. We performed a meta-analysis of 55 published arctic rooting depth profiles, testing for differences both between distributions based on aboveground vegetation types (Graminoid, Wetland, Erect-shrub, and Prostrate-shrub tundra) and between ‘Root Profile Types’ for which we defined three representative and contrasting clusters. We further analyzed potential impacts of these different rooting depth distributions on rhizosphere priming-induced carbon losses from tundra soils. Rooting depth distribution hardly differed between aboveground vegetation types but varied between Root Profile Types. Accordingly, modelled priming-induced carbon emissions were similar between aboveground vegetation types when they were applied to the entire tundra, but ranged from 7.2 to 17.6 Pg C cumulative emissions until 2100 between individual Root Profile Types. Variations in rooting depth distribution are important for the circumpolar tundra carbon-climate feedback but can currently not be inferred adequately from aboveground vegetation type classifications.

Published
2023
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23. Soil carbon loss in warmed subarctic grasslands is rapid and restricted to topsoil

Author

Verbrigghe, Niel, primary, Leblans, Niki I. W., additional, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., additional, Vicca, Sara, additional, Fang, Chao, additional, Fuchslueger, Lucia, additional, Soong, Jennifer L., additional, Weedon, James T., additional, Poeplau, Christopher, additional, Ariza-Carricondo, Cristina, additional, Bahn, Michael, additional, Guenet, Bertrand, additional, Gundersen, Per, additional, Gunnarsdóttir, Gunnhildur E., additional, Kätterer, Thomas, additional, Liu, Zhanfeng, additional, Maljanen, Marja, additional, Marañón-Jiménez, Sara, additional, Meeran, Kathiravan, additional, Oddsdóttir, Edda S., additional, Ostonen, Ivika, additional, Peñuelas, Josep, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Sardans, Jordi, additional, Sigurðsson, Páll, additional, Torn, Margaret S., additional, Van Bodegom, Peter M., additional, Verbruggen, Erik, additional, Walker, Tom W. N., additional, Wallander, Håkan, additional, and Janssens, Ivan A., additional

Published
2022
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24. Soil carbon loss in warmed subarctic grasslands is rapid and restricted to topsoil

Author

Verbrigghe, Niel, Leblans, Niki I.W., Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Vicca, Sara, Fang, Chao, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Soong, Jennifer L., Weedon, James T., Poeplau, Christopher, Ariza-Carricondo, Cristina, Bahn, Michael, Guenet, Bertrand, Gundersen, Per, Gunnarsdóttir, Gunnhildur E., Kätterer, Thomas, Liu, Zhanfeng, Maljanen, Marja, Marañón-Jiménez, Sara, Meeran, Kathiravan, Oddsdóttir, Edda S., Ostonen, Ivika, Peñuelas, Josep, Richter, Andreas, Sardans, Jordi, Sigurðsson, Páll, Torn, Margaret S., Van Bodegom, Peter M., Verbruggen, Erik, Walker, Tom W. N., Wallander, Håkan, Janssens, Ivan A., Verbrigghe, Niel, Leblans, Niki I.W., Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Vicca, Sara, Fang, Chao, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Soong, Jennifer L., Weedon, James T., Poeplau, Christopher, Ariza-Carricondo, Cristina, Bahn, Michael, Guenet, Bertrand, Gundersen, Per, Gunnarsdóttir, Gunnhildur E., Kätterer, Thomas, Liu, Zhanfeng, Maljanen, Marja, Marañón-Jiménez, Sara, Meeran, Kathiravan, Oddsdóttir, Edda S., Ostonen, Ivika, Peñuelas, Josep, Richter, Andreas, Sardans, Jordi, Sigurðsson, Páll, Torn, Margaret S., Van Bodegom, Peter M., Verbruggen, Erik, Walker, Tom W. N., Wallander, Håkan, and Janssens, Ivan A.

Abstract

Global warming may lead to carbon transfers from soils to the atmosphere, yet this positive feedback to the climate system remains highly uncertain, especially in subsoils . Using natural geothermal soil warming gradients of up to +6.4 °C in subarctic grasslands , we show that soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks decline strongly and linearly with warming (-2.8tha-1 °C-1). Comparison of SOC stock changes following medium-term (5 and 10 years) and long-term (>50 years) warming revealed that all SOC stock reduction occurred within the first 5 years of warming, after which continued warming no longer reduced SOC stocks. This rapid equilibration of SOC observed in Andosol suggests a critical role for ecosystem adaptations to warming and could imply short-lived soil carbon-climate feedbacks. Our data further revealed that the soil C loss occurred in all aggregate size fractions and that SOC stock reduction was only visible in topsoil (0-10cm). SOC stocks in subsoil (10-30cm), where plant roots were absent, showed apparent conservation after >50 years of warming. The observed depth-dependent warming responses indicate that explicit vertical resolution is a prerequisite for global models to accurately project future SOC stocks for this soil type and should be investigated for soils with other mineralogies.

Published
2022
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25. Functional microbial ecology in arctic soils : the need for a year-round perspective

Author

Poppeliers, Sanne W. M., Hefting, Mariet, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Weedon, James T., Poppeliers, Sanne W. M., Hefting, Mariet, Dorrepaal, Ellen, and Weedon, James T.

Abstract

The microbial ecology of arctic and sub-arctic soils is an important aspect of the global carbon cycle, due to the sensitivity of the large soil carbon stocks to ongoing climate warming. These regions are characterized by strong climatic seasonality, but the emphasis of most studies on the short vegetation growing season could potentially limit our ability to predict year-round ecosystem functions. We compiled a database of studies from arctic, subarctic, and boreal environments that include sampling of microbial community and functions outside the growing season. We found that for studies comparing across seasons, in most environments, microbial biomass and community composition vary intra-annually, with the spring thaw period often identified by researchers as the most dynamic time of year. This seasonality of microbial communities will have consequences for predictions of ecosystem function under climate change if it results in: seasonality in process kinetics of microbe-mediated functions; intra-annual variation in the importance of different (a)biotic drivers; and/or potential temporal asynchrony between climate change-related perturbations and their corresponding effects. Future research should focus on (i) sampling throughout the entire year; (ii) linking these multi-season measures of microbial community composition with corresponding functional or physiological measurements to elucidate the temporal dynamics of the links between them; and (iii) identifying dominant biotic and abiotic drivers of intra-annual variation in different ecological contexts.

Published
2022
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26. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and plant response strongly shape bacterial and eukaryotic soil community trajectories

Author

De Gruyter, Johan, Weedon, James T., Elst, Evelyne M., Geisen, Stefan, van der Heijden, Marcel G.A., Verbruggen, Erik, De Gruyter, Johan, Weedon, James T., Elst, Evelyne M., Geisen, Stefan, van der Heijden, Marcel G.A., and Verbruggen, Erik

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and terrestrial plants form one of the most important and ubiquitous symbioses on the planet. Although the central role of AM fungi in rhizosphere processes is well established, the extent of their influence on the development of the whole soil microbial community is less well characterized. We assessed the temporal dynamics of the bacterial and eukaryotic soil microbial communities in mesocosms where AM fungi were inoculated on a grass (Holcus lanatus L.) and a clover (Trifolium pratense L.). This allowed us to evaluate whether 1) inoculation with AM fungi changes the overall structure of soil communities and 2) if these changes are partially mediated by the altered plant phenotype, as indicated by increases in growth and photosynthetic activity. We observed changes in the community composition of both microbial groups, largely associated with relative decreases in Proteobacteria, Nematoda and some protistan groups (Ciliophora and Lobosa) and relative increases in Gastrotricha and Firmicutes. Plant productivity doubled with mycorrhizal inoculation, while other plant performance measures increased by 10–50%. We conclude that the interaction between AM fungi and plants shapes the surrounding soil microbial communities, probably because enhanced growth of host plants changes the amount, timing, and form of carbon inputs into soil.

Published
2022
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27. Toward a function-first framework to make soil microbial ecology predictive

Author

Hicks, Lettice C., Frey, Beat, Kjøller, Rasmus, Lukac, Martin, Moora, Mari, Weedon, James T., Rousk, Johannes, Hicks, Lettice C., Frey, Beat, Kjøller, Rasmus, Lukac, Martin, Moora, Mari, Weedon, James T., and Rousk, Johannes

Abstract

Soil microbial communities perform vital ecosystem functions, such as the decomposition of organic matter to provide plant nutrition. However, despite the functional importance of soil microorganisms, attribution of ecosystem function to particular constituents of the microbial community has been impeded by a lack of information linking microbial function to community composition and structure. Here, we propose a function-first framework to predict how microbial communities influence ecosystem functions. We first view the microbial community associated with a specific function as a whole and describe the dependence of microbial functions on environmental factors (e.g., the intrinsic temperature dependence of bacterial growth rates). This step defines the aggregate functional response curve of the community. Second, the contribution of the whole community to ecosystem function can be predicted, by combining the functional response curve with current environmental conditions. Functional response curves can then be linked with taxonomic data in order to identify sets of “biomarker” taxa that signal how microbial communities regulate ecosystem functions. Ultimately, such indicator taxa may be used as a diagnostic tool, enabling predictions of ecosystem function from community composition. In this paper, we provide three examples to illustrate the proposed framework, whereby the dependence of bacterial growth on environmental factors, including temperature, pH, and salinity, is defined as the functional response curve used to interlink soil bacterial community structure and function. Applying this framework will make it possible to predict ecosystem functions directly from microbial community composition.

Published
2022

29. Coevolutionary legacies for plant decomposition

Author

Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Cornwell, William K., Freschet, Grégoire T., Weedon, James T., Berg, Matty P., and Zanne, Amy E.

Subjects
plant functional traits, Ecology, Nitrogen, litter decomposition, Plants, herbivores, Invertebrates, mycorrhizal fungi, Plant Leaves, crop domestication, detritivores, Soil, Phenotype, nitrogen fixation, coevolution, Animals, Humans, microorganisms, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, soil fauna, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem
Abstract

Coevolution has driven speciation and evolutionary novelty in functional traits across the Tree of Life. Classic coevolutionary syndromes such as plant–pollinator, plant–herbivore, and host–parasite have focused strongly on the fitness consequences during the lifetime of the interacting partners. Less is known about the consequences of coevolved traits for ecosystem-level processes, in particular their 'afterlife' legacies for litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and the functional ecology of decomposers. We review the mechanisms by which traits resulting from coevolution between plants and their consumers, microbial symbionts, or humans, and between microbial decomposers and invertebrates, drive plant litter decomposition pathways and rates. This supports the idea that much of current global variation in the decomposition of plant material is a legacy of coevolution.

Published
2022

36. Maximum summer temperatures predict the temperature adaptation of Arctic soil bacterial communities.

Author

Rijkers, Ruud, Dekker, Mark, Aerts, Rien, and Weedon, James T.

Subjects
BACTERIAL communities, BODY temperature regulation, TUNDRAS, SOIL temperature, CLIMATE feedbacks, PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation, SOIL microbial ecology, SOIL microbiology
Abstract

Rapid warming of the arctic terrestrial region has the potential to increase soil decomposition rates and form a carbon-driven feedback to future climate change. For accurate prediction of the role of soil microbes in these processes it will be important to understand the temperature responses of soil bacterial communities and implement them into biogeochemical models. The temperature adaptation of soil bacterial communities for a large part of the Arctic region is unknown. We evaluated the current temperature adaption of soil bacterial communities from 12 sampling sites in the sub- to High Arctic. Temperature adaptation differed substantially between the soil bacterial communities of these sites, with estimates of optimal growth temperature (Topt) ranging between 23.4 ± 0.5 and 34.1 ± 3.7 C. We evaluated possible statistical models for the prediction of the temperature adaption of soil bacterial communities based on different climate indices derived from soil temperature records, or on bacterial community composition data. We found that highest daily average soil temperature was the best predictor for the Topt of the soil bacterial communities, increasing 0.63 °C per °C. We found no support for the prediction of temperature adaptation by regression tree analysis based on relative abundance data of most common bacterial species. Increasing summer temperatures will likely increase Topt of soil bacterial communities in the Arctic. Incorporating this mechanism into soil biogeochemical models and combining it with projections of soil temperature will help to reduce uncertainty in assessments of the vulnerability of soil carbon stocks in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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37. Meshes in mesocosms control solute and biota exchange in soils : A step towards disentangling (a)biotic impacts on the fate of thawing permafrost

Author

Väisänen, Maria, Krab, Eveline J, Monteux, Sylvain, Teuber, Laurenz M., Gavazov, Konstantin, Weedon, James T., Keuper, Frida, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Väisänen, Maria, Krab, Eveline J, Monteux, Sylvain, Teuber, Laurenz M., Gavazov, Konstantin, Weedon, James T., Keuper, Frida, and Dorrepaal, Ellen

Abstract

Environmental changes feedback to climate through their impact on soil functions such as carbon (C) and nutrient sequestration. Abiotic conditions and the interactions between above- and belowground biota drive soil responses to environmental change but these (a)biotic interactions are challenging to study. Nonetheless, better understanding of these interactions would improve predictions of future soil functioning and the soil-climate feedback and, in this context, permafrost soils are of particular interest due to their vast soil C-stores. We need new tools to isolate abiotic (microclimate, chemistry) and biotic (roots, fauna, microorganisms) components and to identify their respective roles in soil processes. We developed a new experimental setup, in which we mimic thermokarst (permafrost thaw-induced soil subsidence) by fitting thawed permafrost and vegetated active layer sods side by side into mesocosms deployed in a subarctic tundra over two growing seasons. In each mesocosm, the two sods were separated from each other by barriers with different mesh sizes to allow varying degrees of physical connection and, consequently, (a)biotic exchange between active layer and permafrost. We demonstrate that our mesh-approach succeeded in controlling 1) lateral exchange of solutes between the two soil types, 2) colonization of permafrost by microbes but not by soil fauna, and 3) ingrowth of roots into permafrost. In particular, experimental thermokarst induced a similar to 60% decline in permafrost nitrogen (N) content, a shift in soil bacteria and a rapid buildup of root biomass (+33.2 g roots m(-2) soil). This indicates that cascading plant-soil-microbe linkages are at the heart of biogeochemical cycling in thermokarst events. We propose that this novel setup can be used to explore the effects of (a)biotic ecosystem components on focal biogeochemical processes in permafrost soils and beyond.

Published
2020
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38. TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Author

Kattge, Jens, Bönisch, Gerhard, Díaz, Sandra, Lavorel, Sandra, Prentice, Iain Colin, Leadley, Paul, Tautenhahn, Susanne, Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Aakala, Tuomas, Abedi, Mehdi, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Adamidis, George C., Adamson, Kairi, Aiba, Masahiro, Albert, Cécile H., Alcántara, Julio M., Alcázar C, Carolina, Aleixo, Izabela, Ali, Hamada, Amiaud, Bernard, Ammer, Christian, Amoroso, Mariano M., Anand, Madhur, Anderson, Carolyn, Anten, Niels, Antos, Joseph, Apgaua, Deborah Mattos Guimarães, Ashman, Tia-Lynn, Asmara, Degi Harja, Asner, Gregory P., Aspinwall, Michael, Atkin, Owen, Aubin, Isabelle, Baastrup-Spohr, Lars, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Baker, Timothy, Baker, William J., Bakker, Jan P., Baldocchi, Dennis, Baltzer, Jennifer, Banerjee, Arindam, Baranger, Anne, Barlow, Jos, Barneche, Diego R., Baruch, Zdravko, Bastianelli, Denis, Battles, John, Bauerle, William, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzato, Erika, Beckmann, Michael, Beeckman, Hans, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Bekker, Renee, Belfry, Gavin, Belluau, Michael, Beloiu, Mirela, Benavides, Raquel, Benomar, Lahcen, Berdugo-Lattke, Mary Lee, Berenguer, Erika, Bergamin, Rodrigo, Bergmann, Joana, Bergmann Carlucci, Marcos, Berner, Logan, Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus, Bigler, Christof, Bjorkman, Anne D., Blackman, Chris, Blanco, Carolina, Blonder, Benjamin, Blumenthal, Dana, Bocanegra-González, Kelly T., Boeckx, Pascal, Bohlman, Stephanie, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boisvert-Marsh, Laura, Bond, William, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Boom, Arnoud, Boonman, Coline C. F., Bordin, Kauane, Boughton, Elizabeth H., Boukili, Vanessa, Bowman, David M. J. S., Bravo, Sandra, Brendel, Marco Richard, Broadley, Martin R., Brown, Kerry A., Bruelheide, Helge, Brumnich, Federico, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bruy, David, Buchanan, Serra W., Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Buitenwerf, Robert, Bunker, Daniel E., Bürger, Jana, Burrascano, Sabina, Burslem, David F. R. P., Butterfield, Bradley J., Byun, Chaeho, Marques, Marcia, Scalon, Marina C., Caccianiga, Marco, Cadotte, Marc, Cailleret, Maxime, Camac, James, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Campany, Courtney, Campetella, Giandiego, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cano-Arboleda, Laura, Canullo, Roberto, Carbognani, Michele, Carvalho, Fabio, Casanoves, Fernando, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Catford, Jane A., Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Cervellini, Marco, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Chapin, Kenneth, Chapin, F. Stuart, Chelli, Stefano, Chen, Si-Chong, Chen, Anping, Cherubini, Paolo, Chianucci, Francesco, Choat, Brendan, Chung, Kyong-Sook, Chytrý, Milan, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Coll, Lluís, Collins, Courtney G., Conti, Luisa, Coomes, David, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Cornwell, William K., Corona, Piermaria, Coyea, Marie, Craine, Joseph, Craven, Dylan, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Csecserits, Anikó, Cufar, Katarina, Cuntz, Matthias, da Silva, Ana Carolina, Dahlin, Kyla M., Dainese, Matteo, Dalke, Igor, Dalle Fratte, Michele, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, Danihelka, Jirí, Dannoura, Masako, Dawson, Samantha, de Beer, Arend Jacobus, De Frutos, Angel, De Long, Jonathan R., Dechant, Benjamin, Delagrange, Sylvain, Delpierre, Nicolas, Derroire, Géraldine, Dias, Arildo S., Diaz-Toribio, Milton Hugo, Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G., Dobrowolski, Mark, Doktor, Daniel, Dřevojan, Pavel, Dong, Ning, Dransfield, John, Dressler, Stefan, Duarte, Leandro, Ducouret, Emilie, Dullinger, Stefan, Durka, Walter, Duursma, Remko, Dymova, Olga, E-Vojtkó, Anna, Eckstein, Rolf Lutz, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Elser, James, Emilio, Thaise, Engemann, Kristine, Erfanian, Mohammad Bagher, Erfmeier, Alexandra, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Esser, Gerd, Estiarte, Marc, Domingues, Tomas F., Fagan, William F., Fagúndez, Jaime, Falster, Daniel S., Fang, Jingyun, Farris, Emmanuele, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feng, Yanhao, Fernandez-Mendez, Fernando, Ferrara, Carlotta, Ferreira, Joice, Fidelis, Alessandra, Finegan, Bryan, Firn, Jennifer, Flowers, Timothy J., Flynn, Dan F. B., Fontana, Veronika, Forey, Estelle, Forgiarini, Cristiane, François, Louis, Frangipani, Marcelo, Frank, Dorothea, Frenette-Dussault, Cedric, Freschet, Grégoire T., Fry, Ellen L., Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Mazzochini, Guilherme G., Gachet, Sophie, Gallagher, Rachael, Ganade, Gislene, Ganga, Francesca, García-Palacios, Pablo, Gargaglione, Verónica, Garnier, Eric, Garrido, Jose Luis, de Gasper, André Luís, Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo, Gibson, David, Gillison, Andrew N., Giroldo, Aelton, Glasenhardt, Mary-Claire, Gleason, Sean, Gliesch, Mariana, Goldberg, Emma, Göldel, Bastian, Gonzalez-Akre, Erika, Gonzalez-Andujar, Jose L., González-Melo, Andrés, González-Robles, Ana, Graae, Bente Jessen, Granda, Elena, Graves, Sarah, Green, Walton A., Gregor, Thomas, Gross, Nicolas, Guerin, Greg R., Günther, Angela, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Haddock, Lillie, Haines, Anna, Hall, Jefferson, Hambuckers, Alain, Han, Wenxuan, Harrison, Sandy P., Hattingh, Wesley, Hawes, Joseph E., He, Tianhua, He, Pengcheng, Heberling, Jacob Mason, Helm, Aveliina, Hempel, Stefan, Hentschel, Jörn, Hérault, Bruno, Hereş, Ana-Maria, Herz, Katharina, Heuertz, Myriam, Hickler, Thomas, Hietz, Peter, Higuchi, Pedro, Hipp, Andrew L., Hirons, Andrew, Hock, Maria, Hogan, James Aaron, Holl, Karen, Honnay, Olivier, Hornstein, Daniel, Hou, Enqing, Hough-Snee, Nate, Hovstad, Knut Anders, Ichie, Tomoaki, Igić, Boris, Illa, Estela, Isaac, Marney, Ishihara, Masae, Ivanov, Leonid, Ivanova, Larissa, Iversen, Colleen M., Izquierdo, Jordi, Jackson, Robert B., Jackson, Benjamin, Jactel, Hervé, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Steven, Jenkins, Thomas, Jentsch, Anke, Jespersen, Jens Rasmus Plantener, Jiang, Guo-Feng, Johansen, Jesper Liengaard, Johnson, David, Jokela, Eric J., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Jordan, Gregory J., Joseph, Grant Stuart, Junaedi, Decky, Junker, Robert R., Justes, Eric, Kabzems, Richard, Kane, Jeffrey, Kaplan, Zdenek, Kattenborn, Teja, Kavelenova, Lyudmila, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kempel, Anne, Kenzo, Tanaka, Kerkhoff, Andrew, Khalil, Mohammed I., Kinlock, Nicole L., Kissling, Wilm Daniel, Kitajima, Kaoru, Kitzberger, Thomas, Kjøller, Rasmus, Klein, Tamir, Kleyer, Michael, Klimešová, Jitka, Klipel, Joice, Kloeppel, Brian, Klotz, Stefan, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kohyama, Takashi, Koike, Fumito, Kollmann, Johannes, Komac, Benjamin, Komatsu, Kimberly, König, Christian, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Kreft, Holger, Kühn, Ingolf, Kumarathunge, Dushan, Kuppler, Jonas, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Kurosawa, Yoko, Kuyah, Shem, Laclau, Jean-Paul, Lafleur, Benoit, Lallai, Erik, Lamb, Eric, Lamprecht, Andrea, Larkin, Daniel J., Laughlin, Daniel, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, le Maire, Guerric, le Roux, Peter C., le Roux, Elizabeth, Lee, Tali, Lens, Frederic, Lewis, Simon L., Lhotsky, Barbara, Li, Yuanzhi, Li, Xine, Lichstein, Jeremy W., Liebergesell, Mario, Lim, Jun Ying, Lin, Yan-Shih, Linares, Juan Carlos, Liu, Chunjiang, Liu, Daijun, Liu, Udayangani, Livingstone, Stuart, Llusià, Joan, Lohbeck, Madelon, López-García, Álvaro, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Louault, Frédérique, Lukács, Balázs A., Lukeš, Petr, Luo, Yunjian, Lussu, Michele, Ma, Siyan, Maciel Rabelo Pereira, Camilla, Mack, Michelle, Maire, Vincent, Mäkelä, Annikki, Mäkinen, Harri, Malhado, Ana Claudia Mendes, Mallik, Azim, Manning, Peter, Manzoni, Stefano, Marchetti, Zuleica, Marchino, Luca, Marcilio-Silva, Vinicius, Marcon, Eric, Marignani, Michela, Markesteijn, Lars, Martin, Adam, Martínez-Garza, Cristina, Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi, Mašková, Tereza, Mason, Kelly, Mason, Norman, Massad, Tara Joy, Masse, Jacynthe, Mayrose, Itay, McCarthy, James, McCormack, M. Luke, McCulloh, Katherine, McFadden, Ian R., McGill, Brian J., McPartland, Mara Y., Medeiros, Juliana S., Medlyn, Belinda, Meerts, Pierre, Mehrabi, Zia, Meir, Patrick, Melo, Felipe P. L., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Meredieu, Céline, Messier, Julie, Mészáros, Ilona, Metsaranta, Juha, Michaletz, Sean T., Michelaki, Chrysanthi, Migalina, Svetlana, Milla, Ruben, Miller, Jesse E. 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Abstract

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

Published
2020

39. Tissue type and location within forest together regulate decay trajectories of Abies faxoniana logs at early and mid-decay stage

Author

Chang, Chenhui, Wang, Zhuang, Tan, Bo, Li, Jun, Cao, Rui, Wang, Qin, Yang, Wanqin, Weedon, James T., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Chang, Chenhui, Wang, Zhuang, Tan, Bo, Li, Jun, Cao, Rui, Wang, Qin, Yang, Wanqin, Weedon, James T., and Cornelissen, Johannes H.C.

Abstract

Deadwood decomposition plays a crucial role in global carbon and nutrient cycles. Factors controlling deadwood decomposition at local scales could also have strong effects at broader scales. We tested how trait variation within stems (i.e. tissue types) and forest habitat heterogeneity (i.e. location within forest) together influence the deadwood decay trajectory and decay rate. We conducted an in situ decomposition experiment of Abies faxoniana logs in an alpine forest on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, decomposing logs from a series of decay classes I-III (on a 5-class scale) for five years on the forest floor in canopy gap, gap edge and under closed canopy (each sized 25 ± 3 × 25 ± 3 m). We found strong differences in density and chemical composition between tissue types at least across decay classes I-III, which revealed the distinct contribution of each tissue type to carbon and nutrient cycling. There were remarkable interactions of tissue types and locations within forest. We found bark always decomposed faster than wood, while heartwood can decompose faster than sapwood in canopy edge and canopy gap. Locations within forest influenced the best fit decay model and decay rate of bark and sapwood in the same way, while it had no corresponding effects for heartwood decay dynamics. The largest difference in T0.25 and T0.4 (time to 25% and 40% mass loss) between locations were 1.52 and 3.21 (bark), 19.41 and 37.61 (wood overall), 31.82 and 60.15 (sapwood), and 12.86 and 22.84 (heartwood), respectively. We also found that pH was significantly negatively related with sapwood and heartwood mass loss, demonstrating that pH can potentially be applied to evaluate sapwood and heartwood mass loss when density correction is difficult to achieve at least at early to mid-decay stages. However, whether pH is a powerful predictor of decomposition trajectory across more species and biomes remains to be tested. We strongly recommend that further mod

Published
2020
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40. Patterns of local, intercontinental and interseasonal variation of soil bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities

Author

De Gruyter, Johan, Weedon, James T, Bazot, Stéphane, Dauwe, Steven, Fernandez-Garberí, Pere-Roc, Geisen, Stefan, De La Motte, Louis Gourlez, Heinesch, Bernard, Janssens, Ivan A, Leblans, Niki, Manise, Tanguy, Ogaya, Romà, Löfvenius, Mikaell Ottosson, Peñuelas, Josep, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D, Vincent, Gaëlle, Verbruggen, Erik, De Gruyter, Johan, Weedon, James T, Bazot, Stéphane, Dauwe, Steven, Fernandez-Garberí, Pere-Roc, Geisen, Stefan, De La Motte, Louis Gourlez, Heinesch, Bernard, Janssens, Ivan A, Leblans, Niki, Manise, Tanguy, Ogaya, Romà, Löfvenius, Mikaell Ottosson, Peñuelas, Josep, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D, Vincent, Gaëlle, and Verbruggen, Erik

Abstract

Although ongoing research has revealed some of the main drivers behind global spatial patterns of microbial communities, spatio-temporal dynamics of these communities still remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate spatio-temporal variability of both bacterial and eukaryotic soil microbial communities at local and intercontinental scales. We compare how temporal variation in community composition scales with spatial variation in community composition, and explore the extent to which bacteria, protists, fungi and metazoa have similar patterns of temporal community dynamics. All soil microbial groups displayed a strong correlation between spatial distance and community dissimilarity, which was related to the ratio of organism to sample size. Temporal changes were variable, ranging from equal to local between-sample variation, to as large as that between communities several thousand kilometers apart. Moreover, significant correlations were found between bacterial and protist communities, as well as between protist and fungal communities, indicating that these microbial groups change in tandem, potentially driven by interactions between them. We conclude that temporal variation can be considerable in soil microbial communities, and that future studies need to consider temporal variation in order to reliably capture all drivers of soil microbiome changes.

Published
2020

41. A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem

Author

Walker, Tom W.N., Janssens, Ivan A., Weedon, James T., Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Richter, Andreas, Peñuelas, Josep, Leblans, Niki I.W., Bahn, Michael, Bartrons, Mireia, De Jonge, Cindy, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Gargallo-Garriga, Albert, Gunnarsdóttir, Gunnhildur E., Marañón-Jiménez, Sara, Oddsdóttir, Edda S., Ostonen, Ivika, Poeplau, Christopher, Prommer, Judith, Radujković, Dajana, Sardans, Jordi, Sigurðsson, Páll, Soong, Jennifer L., Vicca, Sara, Wallander, Håkan, Ilieva-Makulec, Krassimira, Verbruggen, Erik, Walker, Tom W.N., Janssens, Ivan A., Weedon, James T., Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Richter, Andreas, Peñuelas, Josep, Leblans, Niki I.W., Bahn, Michael, Bartrons, Mireia, De Jonge, Cindy, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Gargallo-Garriga, Albert, Gunnarsdóttir, Gunnhildur E., Marañón-Jiménez, Sara, Oddsdóttir, Edda S., Ostonen, Ivika, Poeplau, Christopher, Prommer, Judith, Radujković, Dajana, Sardans, Jordi, Sigurðsson, Páll, Soong, Jennifer L., Vicca, Sara, Wallander, Håkan, Ilieva-Makulec, Krassimira, and Verbruggen, Erik

Abstract

Temperature governs most biotic processes, yet we know little about how warming affects whole ecosystems. Here we examined the responses of 128 components of a subarctic grassland to either 5–8 or >50 years of soil warming. Warming of >50 years drove the ecosystem to a new steady state possessing a distinct biotic composition and reduced species richness, biomass and soil organic matter. However, the warmed state was preceded by an overreaction to warming, which was related to organism physiology and was evident after 5–8 years. Ignoring this overreaction yielded errors of >100% for 83 variables when predicting their responses to a realistic warming scenario of 1 °C over 50 years, although some, including soil carbon content, remained stable after 5–8 years. This study challenges long-term ecosystem predictions made from short-term observations, and provides a framework for characterization of ecosystem responses to sustained climate change.

Published
2020
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44. Patterns of local, intercontinental and interseasonal variation of soil bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities

Author

De Gruyter, Johan, primary, Weedon, James T, primary, Bazot, Stéphane, primary, Dauwe, Steven, primary, Fernandez-Garberí, Pere-Roc, primary, Geisen, Stefan, primary, De La Motte, Louis Gourlez, primary, Heinesch, Bernard, primary, Janssens, Ivan A, primary, Leblans, Niki, primary, Manise, Tanguy, primary, Ogaya, Romà, primary, Löfvenius, Mikaell Ottosson, primary, Peñuelas, Josep, primary, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D, primary, Vincent, Gaëlle, primary, and Verbruggen, Erik, primary

Published
2020
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45. A systemic overreaction to years versus decades of warming in a subarctic grassland ecosystem

Author

Walker, Tom W. N., primary, Janssens, Ivan A., additional, Weedon, James T., additional, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Peñuelas, Josep, additional, Leblans, Niki I. W., additional, Bahn, Michael, additional, Bartrons, Mireia, additional, De Jonge, Cindy, additional, Fuchslueger, Lucia, additional, Gargallo-Garriga, Albert, additional, Gunnarsdóttir, Gunnhildur E., additional, Marañón-Jiménez, Sara, additional, Oddsdóttir, Edda S., additional, Ostonen, Ivika, additional, Poeplau, Christopher, additional, Prommer, Judith, additional, Radujković, Dajana, additional, Sardans, Jordi, additional, Sigurðsson, Páll, additional, Soong, Jennifer L., additional, Vicca, Sara, additional, Wallander, Håkan, additional, Ilieva-Makulec, Krassimira, additional, and Verbruggen, Erik, additional

Published
2019
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46. Plant expansion drives bacteria and collembola communities under winter climate change in frost-affected tundra

Author

Krab, Eveline J, Monteux, Sylvain, Weedon, James T., Dorrepaal, Ellen, Krab, Eveline J, Monteux, Sylvain, Weedon, James T., and Dorrepaal, Ellen

Abstract

At high latitudes, winter warming facilitates vegetation expansion into barren frost-affected soils. The interplay of changes in winter climate and plant presence may alter soil functioning via effects on decomposers. Responses of decomposer soil fauna and microorganisms to such changes likely differ from each other, since their life histories, dispersal mechanisms and microhabitats vary greatly. We investigated the relative impacts of short-term winter warming and increases in plant cover on bacteria and collembola community composition in cryoturbated, non-sorted circle tundra. By covering non-sorted circles with insulating gardening fibre cloth (fleeces) or using stone walls accumulating snow, we imposed two climate-change scenarios: snow accumulation increased autumn-to-late winter soil temperatures (−1 cm) by 1.4 °C, while fleeces warmed soils during that period by 1 °C and increased spring temperatures by 1.1 °C. Summer bacteria and collembola communities were sampled from within-circle locations differing in vegetation abundance and soil properties. Two years of winter warming had no effects on either decomposer community. Instead, their community compositions were strongly determined by sampling location: communities in barren circle centres were distinct from those in vegetated outer rims, while communities in sparsely vegetated patches of circle centres were intermediate. Diversity patterns indicate that collembola communities are tightly linked to plant presence while bacteria communities correlated with soil properties. Our results thus suggest that direct effects of short-term winter warming are likely to be minimal, but that vegetation encroachment on barren cryoturbated ground will affect decomposer community composition substantially. At decadal timescales, collembola community changes may follow relatively fast after warming-driven plant establishment into barren areas, whereas bacteria communities may take longer to respond. If shifts in decomposer

Published
2019
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47. Lipid biomarker temperature proxy responds to abrupt shift in the bacterial community composition in geothermally heated soils

Author

Organic geochemistry & molecular biogeology, Organic geochemistry, De Jonge, Cindy, Radujković, Dajana, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Weedon, James T., Janssens, Ivan, Peterse, Francien, Organic geochemistry & molecular biogeology, Organic geochemistry, De Jonge, Cindy, Radujković, Dajana, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Weedon, James T., Janssens, Ivan, and Peterse, Francien

Published
2019

48. Effects of past and current drought on the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities

Author

Preece, Catherine, Verbruggen, Erik, Liu, Lei, Weedon, James T., Peñuelas, Josep, Preece, Catherine, Verbruggen, Erik, Liu, Lei, Weedon, James T., and Peñuelas, Josep

Abstract

Drought is well known to have strong effects on the composition and activity of soil microbial communities, and may be determined by drought history and drought duration, but the characterisation and prediction of these effects remains challenging. This is because soil microbial communities that have previously been exposed to drought may change less in response to subsequent drought events, due to the selection of drought-resistant taxa. We set up a 10-level drought experiment to test the effect of water stress on the composition and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities. We also investigated the effect of a previous long-term drought on communities in soils with different historical precipitation regimes. Saplings of the holm oak, Quercus ilex L., were included to assess the impact of plant presence on the effects of the drought treatment. The composition and diversity of the soil microbial communities were analysed using DNA amplicon sequencing of bacterial and fungal markers and the measurement of phospholipid fatty acids. The experimental drought affected the bacterial community much more than the fungal community, decreasing alpha diversity and proportion of total biomass, whereas fungal diversity tended to increase. The experimental drought altered the relative abundances of specific taxa of both bacteria and fungi, and in many cases these effects were modified by the presence of the plant and soil origin. Soils with a history of drought had higher overall bacterial alpha diversity at the end of the experimental drought, presumably because of adaptation of the bacterial community to drought conditions. However, some bacterial taxa (e.g. Chloroflexi) and fungal functional groups (plant pathogens and saprotrophic yeasts) decreased in abundance more in the pre-droughted soils. Our results suggest that soil communities will not necessarily be able to maintain the same functions during more extreme or more frequent future droughts, when functions a

Published
2019
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49. Lipid biomarker temperature proxy responds to abrupt shift in the bacterial community composition in geothermally heated soils

Author

De Jonge, Cindy, Radujković, Dajana, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Weedon, James T., Janssens, Ivan, Peterse, Francien, De Jonge, Cindy, Radujković, Dajana, Sigurdsson, Bjarni D., Weedon, James T., Janssens, Ivan, and Peterse, Francien

Abstract

Specific soil bacterial membrane lipids, branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), are used as an empirical proxy for past continental temperatures. Their response to temperature change is assumed to be linear, caused by physiological plasticity of their, still unknown, source organisms. A well-studied set of geothermally warmed soils (Iceland) shows that the brGDGT fingerprint only changes when the soil mean annual temperature is warmer than 14 °C. This sudden change in brGDGT distribution coincides with an abrupt shift in the bacterial community composition in the same soils. Determining which bacterial OTUs are indicative for each soil cluster shows that Acidobacteria are possible brGDGT producers, together with representatives from the Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmationadetes and Proteobacteria. Projecting the lipid fingerprint of the cold and warm bacterial communities onto the global soil calibration dataset creates two distinct soil clusters, in which brGDGTs respond differently to temperature and, especially, soil pH. We show that, on a local scale, a community effect rather than physiological plasticity can be the primary driver of the brGDGT-based paleothermometer along large temperature gradients. This threshold response needs to be taken into account when interpreting brGDGT-based paleo-records.

Published
2019
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50. Analysing continuous proportions in ecology and evolution: A practical introduction to beta and Dirichlet regression

Author

Douma, Jacob C., Weedon, James T., Douma, Jacob C., and Weedon, James T.

Abstract

Proportional data, in which response variables are expressed as percentages or fractions of a whole, are analysed in many subfields of ecology and evolution. The scale-independence of proportions makes them appropriate to analyse many biological phenomena, but statistical analyses are not straightforward, since proportions can only take values from zero to one and their variance is usually not constant across the range of the predictor. Transformations to overcome these problems are often applied, but can lead to biased estimates and difficulties in interpretation. In this paper, we provide an overview of the different types of proportional data and discuss the different analysis strategies available. In particular, we review and discuss the use of promising, but little used, techniques for analysing continuous (also called non-count-based or non-binomial) proportions (e.g. percent cover, fraction time spent on an activity): beta and Dirichlet regression, and some of their most important extensions. A major distinction can be made between proportions arising from counts and those arising from continuous measurements. For proportions consisting of two categories, count-based data are best analysed using well-developed techniques such as logistic regression, while continuous proportions can be analysed with beta regression models. In the case of >2 categories, multinomial logistic regression or Dirichlet regression can be applied. Both beta and Dirichlet regression techniques model proportions at their original scale, which makes statistical inference more straightforward and produce less biased estimates relative to transformation-based solutions. Extensions to beta regression, such as models for variable dispersion, zero-one augmented data and mixed effects designs have been developed and are reviewed and applied to case studies. Finally, we briefly discuss some issues regarding model fitting, inference, and reporting that are particularly relevant to beta and Diric

Published
2019

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