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Current research has shown that an increasing number of returning troops from deployments are being diagnosed with obstructed sleep apnea (OSA). OSA causes excessive daytime sleepiness that can endanger the readiness of Soldiers by impacting concentration, decision-making skills, personality change, hypertension, depression, headaches and has been shown to contribute to cardiovascular disease. A main factor for remediation of OSA is Soldier’s compliance with prescribed treatment plans. The two most popular methods for OSA treatment are continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and the Mandibular Advancing Device (MAD). Both of these devices have known compliance issues, which keep treatment of OSA to roughly 60 percent of those prescribed. We utilized a parameterized upper airway fluid structure–interaction (FSI) simulation to validate our hybrid OSA device (MAPPARD), which addressed the compliance issues found in typical OSA treatment devices. While being 25 percent less advanced than the MAD device and 50 percent less pressure than the CPAP device, our MAPPARD performed better than either current device, thus showing potential to improve Soldier treatment compliance. This study contributes to the ongoing exploration of the role of modeling and simulations for testing and evaluation of medical devices.

This paper describes four candidate X3D extension nodes: Camera, Shot, Movement and OffineRendering. An X3D lexicon for camera movements is defined so that individuals directing virtual cameras in X3D can directly apply terms that film directors and cinematographers understand. This approach greatly simplifies the technical tasks involved in crreating precise camera animations and setting up still images for digital photography. Further, candidate methods are examined for implementing Depth of Field for focus control. Moving beyond the typical clumsiness of Viewpoint control can enable authors to create compelling still and moving images from X3D scenes.

This paper describes current work in the evolution of open standards for 3D graphics for Humanoid Animation (H-Anim). It builds on previous work to encompass plausible humanoids, humanoid behaviors and methodologies for composition with interchangeable and blended behaviors. We present an overview of the standardization activites for H-Anim, including a proposed extension for the H-Anim Specification which allows for interchangable actors and dynamic behaviors. We demonstrate a standards-based approach to the complex work flow and data extraction for 3D optical motion tracking systems. We describe how to archive, annotate and treansform the whole body and segmented performance data so that they can be used more widely and with less effort. The approach is compressible, streamable, scaleable, repeatable and suitable for large-scale training and analysis, entertainment and games.

Current research has shown that an increasing number of returning troops from deployments are being diagnosed with obstructed sleep apnea (OSA). OSA causes excessive daytime sleepiness that can endanger the readiness of Soldiers by impacting concentration, decision-making skills, personality change, hypertension, depression, headaches and has been shown to contribute to cardiovascular disease. A main factor for remediation of OSA is Soldier’s compliance with prescribed treatment plans. The two most popular methods for OSA treatment are continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and the Mandibular Advancing Device (MAD). Both of these devices have known compliance issues, which keep treatment of OSA to roughly 60 percent of those prescribed. We utilized a parameterized upper airway fluid structure–interaction (FSI) simulation to validate our hybrid OSA device (MAPPARD), which addressed the compliance issues found in typical OSA treatment devices. While being 25 percent less advanced than the MAD device and 50 percent less pressure than the CPAP device, our MAPPARD performed better than either current device, thus showing potential to improve Soldier treatment compliance. This study contributes to the ongoing exploration of the role of modeling and simulations for testing and evaluation of medical devices., http://archive.org/details/mandibularadvanc1094542689, Major, United States Army, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.