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Abstract Backround In recent years, with the increasing demand for seedless grape varieties that have lower production costs, are disease resistant/tolerant and require less chemical pesticides, the embryo recovery technique has begun to be used more in table grape breeding studies. However, the desired high success rate has not yet been achieved in these studies. Although there are different reasons for this, especially the grape varieties selected for cross-breeding and the timing of transferring the embryos to medium are among the most important reasons. In this study, focusing on these two important factors, the embryos obtained from different hybridization combinations were transferred to agar medium at different weeks for 4 years and the most successful combination and time were determined. In addition, seedless and large berry grape varieties and some seeded varieties that are resistant/tolerant to fungal diseases were selected as parents because they can provide resistance to disease infections in vitro and thus increase the success rate. Results The results obtained from the study showed that the selected variety and combination significantly affected the success rate in embryo rescue. Especially in combinations with the ‘Yalova Seedless’ variety as the female parent, more successful results were obtained compared to combinations of other varieties. When ‘Yalova Seedless’ variety was pollinated with pollen of ‘Red Globe’, ‘Muscat Bailey A’ and ‘Exalta’ varieties, more seedlings were obtained with the help of embryo rescue. The results obtained over four years showed that the best sampling time after pollination was the eighth week and then the seventh week. Conclusions According to the results obtained, it has been shown that the selected varieties and the sampling time significantly affect the success rate in embryo rescue studies. Therefore, higher success rates can be achieved in comprehensive breeding studies in which they will be included as pollinators, especially in different seeded varieties that are resistant to diseases and have larger berry size.

Backround: In recent years, with the increasing demand for seedless grape varieties that have lower production costs, are disease resistant/tolerant and require less chemical pesticides, the embryo recovery technique has begun to be used more in table grape breeding studies. However, the desired high success rate has not yet been achieved in these studies. Although there are different reasons for this, especially the grape varieties selected for cross-breeding and the timing of transferring the embryos to medium are among the most important reasons. In this study, focusing on these two important factors, the embryos obtained from different hybridization combinations were transferred to agar medium at different weeks for 4 years and the most successful combination and time were determined. In addition, seedless and large berry grape varieties and some seeded varieties that are resistant/tolerant to fungal diseases were selected as parents because they can provide resistance to disease infections in vitro and thus increase the success rate. Results: The results obtained from the study showed that the selected variety and combination significantly affected the success rate in embryo rescue. Especially in combinations with the 'Yalova Seedless' variety as the female parent, more successful results were obtained compared to combinations of other varieties. When 'Yalova Seedless' variety was pollinated with pollen of 'Red Globe', 'Muscat Bailey A' and 'Exalta' varieties, more seedlings were obtained with the help of embryo rescue. The results obtained over four years showed that the best sampling time after pollination was the eighth week and then the seventh week. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, it has been shown that the selected varieties and the sampling time significantly affect the success rate in embryo rescue studies. Therefore, higher success rates can be achieved in comprehensive breeding studies in which they will be included as pollinators, especially in different seeded varieties that are resistant to diseases and have larger berry size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a key component of the logic and discursive potential of capitalism, the evolution of the set of values that conform the work ethic has been closely linked to the changes in the forms of the capital accumulation process in Western societies during the 19th and 20th centuries. In this context, the work ethic has served both to dominate and to emancipate, naturalizing subordination to waged labor at the same time that it served as a legitimizing discourse for the increased recognition of marginalized groups. To explain this contradiction, I will make use of the concept of antinomies employed by Kathi Weeks to explain the ethic’s dynamism. Departing from the resources of Week’s theory, and through the case of the American welfare reform during the end of the 20th century, the dominating potential of the work ethic will be uncovered with the aim to disincentivize its use in future social movements.

BackgroundMany parents develop stress-related symptoms and depression when their preterm infant is hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after birth. We reviewed the evidence of parent well-being with preterm infants hospitalised in single family rooms (SFRs) or in open bay neonatal units (OBUs).MethodsFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) databases from inception through 22 November 2019 using controlled terms and text words related to prematurity and NICU-design. We included randomised and non-randomised studies comparing outcomes in parents with preterm infants admitted to SFRs or OBUs. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool for randomised controlled trials and the Risk of Bias Tool for Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). Outcomes included: parental stress, satisfaction, participation (presence/involvement/skin-to-skin care), self-efficacy, parent-infant-bonding, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, empowerment, and degree of family-centred care. Summary estimates were calculated using random effects models with standardised mean differences (SMDs). PROSPERO registration: CRD42016050643.FindingsWe identified 614 unique publications. Eleven study populations (1, 850 preterm infants, 1, 549 mothers and 379 fathers) were included. All but one study were at serious to critical risk of bias. SFRs were associated with higher levels of parental presence, involvement, and skin-to-skin care. Upon discharge, SFRs were associated with lower stress levels (n = 828 parents, SMD-0·30,95%CI -0·50;-0·09, p

This study was conducted during the dry season to investigate the dry matter yield and chemical composition of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon). The test materials were grown at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi in 2020 and 2021 dry seasons. C. dactylon was established on a 3.5 ha paddock by transplantation of sprigs from the wild and experimental plots received sprinkler irrigation twice-weekly. The dry matter yield (t/ha), leaf dry matter (%), stem dry matter (%) and total dry matter (%) were measured. The chemical composition of the grass was also determined. The results obtained indicated that Cynodon dactylon at 12 weeks after transplanting had higher yield (4.08 t/ha) which was significantly different (P<0.01) from other weeks. Results for leaf dry matter followed same pattern as dry matter yield, while stem and whole plant dry matter (%) were higher (P<0.01) in C. dactylon at week 12 (49.20 and 46.17% respectively). Chemical composition decreased as plant matured from week 4 to week 12 while mineral elements examined were not significantly influenced by post-planting period as weeks increased and plant matures. Irrigated Bermuda grass had highest dry matter yield at week 12 and best mineral contents compared to other weeks, while week 4 had the best nutritive values from chemical composition. Hence, it is recommended that irrigated Cynodon dactylon be harvested at 12 weeks after transplanting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I discuss three related problems about getting the last day of the month in a new variable. Commentary ranges from the specifics of date and other functions to some generalities on developing code. Modular arithmetic belongs in every Stata user's coding toolbox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt domes are geological features that occur when areas of salt deposits are pressured into layers above them, causing dome shaped distortions in horizontal strata. In some instances, the distortions protrude above flat areas of land or else appear underwater as seamounts. In the case of the five Louisiana salt dome hills considered in this article, their distinct elevation above the swampy bayous and flatlands surrounding them has led to their characterisation as islands by indigenous Atakapa-Ishak peoples and by subsequent Francophone and Anglophone settlers. The article considers the ways in which the five salt domes’ islandness has been perceived, enhanced and/or undermined by various local inhabitants and/or the commercial operations that have operated on them. Discussion of these aspects involves consideration of the manner in which the salt dome islands’ islandness is mutable and complex, particularly with regard to human impacts. This mutability is discussed with regard to both individual island placenames and the islands’ overall designations.

The paper explores time measurements and perception of time by the ancient Slavs in the pre-Migration Period and Slavic settlement of Central and Southern Europe. It attempts to reconstruct a year, seasonal, month-like division and naming, as well as lunar and solar time measurement. Moreover, it explores and attempts to reconstruct what were the common Slavic month names that, is before 5th–7th centuries. It also, discusses the issue of adoption of Julian calendar across the Slavdom in the period between the 9th–11th centuries. The research is based on scarce limited written historical records as it explores the times before writing came to the Slavs. Hence to a large degree it relies on abundant ethnographic sources, as well as on linguistics. Therefore, in principle it employs a comparative methodology and often draws from Indo-European examples.

In 9 weeks field study, a total of 14100 (Ross broiler breeders) 51 weeks-old chickens fed on the same ration, placed in 2 houses (6600 female + 450 male / house). Birds of house 1 were treated with antimycotoxin adsorbent aluminum silicate (G-V-tox®) 5 kgm/ ton, while those of house 2 were kept as non treated controls. Productivity and reproductivety parameters were calculated for comparison. Treated flock showed improved average egg production (Average 62.2%/week) compared with non treated (Average 61.7%/week), but all still lower than farm stander (Average 76.4%/week). Marked improvement was in the 1st 3 weeks (51-53) of treatment only. Total 9 weeks production declined was 5.5% and 8.4% in control and silicate treated flock; with weekly average of 0.61, and 0.93; respectively. Control flock was slower in decline of production (0.61%/week) than treated flock (0.93%/week). Average weekly egg production and hatching eggs/ hen in treated flock was lower than standard and higher than non treated. Hatchery parameters of treated were improved in treated at the first 3 weeks post treatment. The fertility was higher in aluminum silicate treated group (77.2%), than the untreated one (72.19%). The hatchability was in silicate treated (63.66%) versus (62.25%) in the untreated control. Culls % in hatched chicks was 1.91% in treated flock and lower than in non treated (2.85%). Difference percentage between fertility and hatchability of G.V. tox treated chickens was (10.84%) higher than untreated control (16%). The number of marketable chicks l100 was also improved in treated than non treated. In conclusion, our field study cleared that administration of Silicate in ration for treatment of broiler breeders resulted in an improved production and hatchery performance as compared with non medicated control. However; it did not restore it to the farm stander. Consequently the results indicated that we still in need for more effective products to be used to control mycotoxins in breeder chicken.

Rainbow trout with initial body weight 4.16 plus or minus 0.25 g were fed diets that contained crude protein 42%; gross energy 4400 Kcal/kg DM; crude fat 10% including graded levels of canola meal (CP 35% DM). A growth trial was conducted over 16 weeks at a water temperature of 12 plus or minus 1C. At the end of the growth trial, in addition to body composition analyses, plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4), cholesterol and liver fatty acid composition were measured. Replacement of fish meal with canola meal (10 to 57% replacement) did not significantly affect the growth performance (P>0.05). At 16th week, plasma cholesterol levels were reduced in fish fed with all diets in comparison to 8th week. Plasma T4 levels were significantly higher in the canola meal-fed fish sampled after 16 weeks, but no significant differences in T3 levels were obtained (P>0.05). Proximate composition was affected by dietary treatments. The liver fatty acid composition reflected that of the fish fe.....

Salt domes are geological features that occur when areas of salt deposits are pressured into layers above them, causing dome shaped distortions in horizontal strata. In some instances, the distortions protrude above flat areas of land or else appear underwater as seamounts. In the case of the five Louisiana salt dome hills considered in this article, their distinct elevation above the swampy bayous and flatlands surrounding them has led to their characterisation as islands by indigenous Atakapa-Ishak peoples and by subsequent Francophone and Anglophone settlers. The article considers the ways in which the five salt domes' islandness has been perceived, enhanced and/or undermined by various local inhabitants and/or the industries that have operated on them. Discussion of these aspects involves consideration of the manner in which the salt dome islands' islandness is mutable and complex, particularly with regard to human impacts. This mutability is discussed with regard to both individual island placenames and the islands' overall designations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores time measurements and perception of time by the ancient Slavs in the pre-Migration Period and Slavic settlement of Central and Southern Europe. It attempts to reconstruct a year, seasonal, month-like division and naming, as well as lunar and solar time measurement. Moreover, it explores and attempts to reconstruct what were the common Slavic month names that, is before 5th-7th centuries. It also, discusses the issue of adoption of Julian calendar across the Slavdom in the period between the 9th-11th centuries. The research is based on scarce limited written historical records as it explores the times before writing came to the Slavs. Hence to a large degree it relies on abundant ethnographic sources, as well as on linguistics. Therefore, in principle it employs a comparative methodology and often draws from Indo-European examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay uses vignettes of six resource management organizations to explore institutional change in land conservation organizations. The emergence of the Progressive Era model of rational, centralized government is portrayed here both as reflective of the imperialisturgings of the early 1900s, and as less hegemonic than typically presented. Federal organizations such as the National Park Service and the Bureau of Land Management are clearly responsive to durable emphases on local control. More recently evolved, avowedly private, local organizations are, moreover, less clearly local and private than they first appear. The presently evolving institutional frame seems more complex than the one now eroding, and will require no less vigilance. And, even as we fail to note adequately the imperialism inherent in the Progressive-Era institutions we have taken for granted for so long, we ought to consider the underwriting assumptions and implications for equity in emerging institutional arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]