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We report on the reactions $\psi(3770)\to \bar{\Omega}^+ \bar{K} \Xi $ and $\psi(3770)\to \bar{\Omega}^+ \bar{K}\Xi^*(1530)~(\Xi^*(1530)\to \pi\Xi $), and calculate the mass distributions $\frac{{\rm d}\Gamma}{{\rm d}M_\text{inv}(\bar{K}\Xi)}$ and $\frac{{\rm d}\Gamma}{{\rm d}M_\text{inv}(\bar{K}\Xi^*)}$, respectively. We obtain clear peaks corresponding to the $\Omega(2012)$. From the decay of $\psi(3770)\to \bar{\Omega}^+ \bar{K}\Xi^*$, we also get a second, broader, peak around $2035\,\rm MeV$, which comes from the $\Omega(2012)$ decay to $\bar{K}\Xi^*$. This second peak is closely tied to the molecular picture of the $\Omega(2012)$ with the $\bar{K}\Xi^*(1530)$ and $\eta\Omega$ components. Its observation would provide a boost to the molecular picture of the $\Omega(2012)$., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

We analyze the clean cusp, seen in the $\eta \pi$ mass distribution with high precision of the $\chi_{c1} \to \eta \pi^+ \pi^-$ reaction in the BESIII experiment, with the aim of making a precise determination of the scattering length $a$ and effective range $r_0$ of $K^+ \bar{K}^{0}$. For that, we follow a previous theoretical work that gave a good reproduction of these data using the chiral unitary approach for the meson-meson interaction, and allow some flexibility in the input to carry a better fit to the data. The important task of determining the uncertainties in the scattering parameters is done using the resampling method and an accuracy in $a$ and $r_0$ is obtained better than $20\%$. The effective range is determined for the first time with this analysis., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables; V2: New fit with background included

We calculate the correlation functions for the $\bar K^0 p, \pi^+ \Sigma^0, \pi^0 \Sigma^+, \pi^+ \Lambda$, and $\eta \Sigma^+$ states, which in the chiral unitary approach predict an excited $\Sigma^*(1/2^-)$ state at the $\bar K N$ threshold, recently observed by the Belle collaboration. Once this is done, we tackle the inverse problem of seeing how much information one can obtain from these correlation functions. With the resampling method, one can determine the scattering parameters of all the channels with relative precision by means of the analysis in a general framework, and find a clear cusp-like structure corresponding to the $\Sigma^*(1/2^-)$ in the different amplitudes at the $\bar{K}N$ threshold., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 7 tables

We start from a recently favored picture in which the $\Lambda_c(2940)$ and $\Lambda_c(2910)$ correspond mostly to $ND^*$ bound states with $J^P = 1/2^-,\, 3/2^-$ and then add a $D$ as a third particle, looking for the possible binding of the $DND^*$ three body system within the framework of the Fixed Center Approximation. We find that the system is bound with respect to the corresponding $\Lambda_c^* D$ threshold with a binding of about $60$ MeV and a width of about $90$ MeV. Alternatively we assume a cluster of $ND$ and a $D^*$ meson interacting with the cluster and we find similar results. The observation of these states of $J^P = 1/2^+,\, 3/2^+$ would provide new and valuable information concerning the $DN$ and $D^* N$ interaction, an issue of current debate., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

We propose the reaction $\psi(3686) \to \bar{\Xi}^+ \bar{K}^0 \Sigma^{*-}$, with the $\Sigma^{*-}$ decaying to $\pi^- \Lambda$ in order to show evidence for the existence of two $\Xi(1820)$ states, one around $1824$ MeV and narrow, and another one around $1875$ MeV and wide. The phase space for $\bar{K}^0 \Sigma^{*-}$ production reduces the effect of the lower mass resonance, magnifying the effect of the higher mass resonance that shows clearly over the phase space. The estimated rate of the production is bigger than the one of the $\psi(3686) \to \bar{\Xi}^+ K^- \Lambda$ reaction, where a clear peak for $\Xi(1820)$ was observed by the BESIII collaboration, what makes the Beijing facility ideal to carry out the reaction proposed., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table

We have studied the $\Omega_c \to \pi^+ (\pi^0, \eta) \pi \Xi^*$ decays, where the final $\pi \Xi^*$ comes from the decay of two resonances around the nominal $\Xi(1820)$, which are generated from the interaction of coupled channels made of a pseudoscalar and a baryon of the decuplet. The $\pi \Xi^*$ mass distributions obtained in the six different reactions studied are quite different and we single out four of them, which are free of a tree level contribution, showing more clearly the effect of the resonances. The lower mass resonance is clearly seen as a sharp peak, but the higher mass resonance manifests itself through an interference with the lower one that leads to a dip in the mass distribution around $1850 \, {\rm MeV}$. Such a feature is similar to the dip observed in the $s$-wave $\pi \pi$ cross section around the $980 \, {\rm MeV}$ coming from the interference of the $f_0(500)$ and $f_0(980)$ resonances. Its observation in coming upgrades of present facilities will shed light on the existence of these two resonances and their nature., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

In the AI-for-science era, scientific computing scenarios such as concurrent learning and high-throughput computing demand a new generation of infrastructure that supports scalable computing resources and automated workflow management on both cloud and high-performance supercomputers. Here we introduce Dflow, an open-source Python toolkit designed for scientists to construct workflows with simple programming interfaces. It enables complex process control and task scheduling across a distributed, heterogeneous infrastructure, leveraging containers and Kubernetes for flexibility. Dflow is highly observable and can scale to thousands of concurrent nodes per workflow, enhancing the efficiency of complex scientific computing tasks. The basic unit in Dflow, known as an Operation (OP), is reusable and independent of the underlying infrastructure or context. Dozens of workflow projects have been developed based on Dflow, spanning a wide range of projects. We anticipate that the reusability of Dflow and its components will encourage more scientists to publish their workflows and OP components. These components, in turn, can be adapted and reused in various contexts, fostering greater collaboration and innovation in the scientific community.

Recently, the proximal Newton-type method and its variants have been generalized to solve composite optimization problems over the Stiefel manifold whose objective function is the summation of a smooth function and a nonsmooth function. In this paper, we propose an adaptive quadratically regularized proximal quasi-Newton method, named ARPQN, to solve this class of problems. Under some mild assumptions, the global convergence, the local linear convergence rate and the iteration complexity of ARPQN are established. Numerical experiments and comparisons with other state-of-the-art methods indicate that ARPQN is very promising. We also propose an adaptive quadratically regularized proximal Newton method, named ARPN. It is shown the ARPN method has a local superlinear convergence rate under certain reasonable assumptions, which demonstrates attractive convergence properties of regularized proximal Newton methods., Comment: 38 pages, 6 figures. Comput Optim Appl (2024)

In quantum information, the Werner state is a benchmark to test the boundary between quantum mechanics and classical models. There have been three well-known critical values for the two-qubit Werner state, i.e., $V_{\rm c}^{\rm E}=1/3$ characterizing the boundary between entanglement and separable model, $V_{\rm c}^{\rm B}=1/K_G(3)$ characterizing the boundary between Bell's nonlocality and the local-hidden-variable model, while $V_{\rm c}^{\rm S}=1/2$ characterizing the boundary between Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering and the local-hidden-state model. So far, the problem of $V_{\rm c}^{\rm E}=1/3$ has been completely solved by an inequality involving in the positive-partial-transpose criterion, while how to reveal the other two critical values by the inequality approach are still open. In this work, we focus on EPR steering, which is a form of quantum nonlocality intermediate between entanglement and Bell's nonlocality. By proposing the optimal $N$-setting linear EPR-steering inequalities, we have successfully obtained the desired value $V_{\rm c}^{\rm S}=1/2$ for the two-qubit Werner state, thus resolving the long-standing problem., Comment: Main text: 6 pages, 2 figures; SM: 8 pages, 5 figures. Adding some references

In 2019, Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) mission released its findings on the mass and radius of the isolated neutron star (INS) PSR J0030+0451, revealing a mass of approximately 1.4 solar masses ($M_{\odot}$) and a radius near 13 kilometers. However, the recent re-analysis by the NICER collaboration \citep{vinciguerra2024updated} suggests that the available data primarily yields a precise inference of the compactness for this source while the resulting mass and radius are strongly model-dependent and diverse (the 68.3\% credible regions just overlap slightly for the ST+PDT and PDT-U models). By integrating this compactness data with the equation of state (EoS) refined by our latest investigations, we have deduced the mass and radius for PSR J0030+0451, delivering estimates of $M=1.48^{+0.09}_{-0.10}~M_\odot$ and $R=12.38_{-0.70}^{+0.51}~{\rm km}$ for the compactness found in ST+PDT model, alongside $M=1.47^{+0.14}_{-0.20}~M_\odot$ and $R=12.37_{-0.69}^{+0.50}~{\rm km}$ for the compactness in PDT-U model. These two groups of results are well consistent with each other and the direct X-ray data inference within the ST+PDT model seems to be favored. Additionally, we have calculated the tidal deformability, moment of inertia, and gravitational binding energy for this NS. Furthermore, employing these refined EoS models, we have updated mass-radius estimates for three INSs with established gravitational redshifts., Comment: 10 pages,6 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

The measurements of the bulk properties of most isolated neutron stars (INSs) are challenging tasks. Tang et al. (2020) have developed a new method, based on the equation of state (EoS) of neutron star (NS) material constrained by the observational data, to infer the gravitational masses of a few INSs whose gravitational redshifts are available. However, in that work, the authors only considered the constraints on the EoS from nuclear experiments/theories and the gravitational wave data of GW170817; the possible phase transition has not been taken into account. In this work, we adopt three EoS models (including the one incorporates a first-order strong phase transition) that are constrained by the latest multimessenger NS data, including in particular the recent mass\textendash radius measurements of two NSs by Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, to update the estimation of the gravitational masses of RBS 1223, RX J0720.4-3125, and RX J1856.5-3754. In comparison to our previous approach, the new constraints are tighter, and the gravitational masses are larger by about $0.1M_\odot$. All the inferred gravitational masses are within the range of the NS masses measured in other ways. We have also calculated the radius, tidal-deformability, and moment of inertia of these sources. The inclusion of the first-order strong phase transition has little influence on modifying the results., Comment: 8pages,4figures

We study the $D^+ \to \bar K^0 \pi^+ \eta$ reaction where the $a_0(980)$ excitation plays a dominant role. We consider mechanisms of external and internal emission at the quark level, hadronize the $q \bar q$ components into two mesons and allow these mesons to undergo final state interaction where the $a_0(980)$ state is generated. While the $a_0(980)$ production is the dominant term, we also find other terms in the reaction that interfere with this production mode and, through interference with it, lead to a shape of the $a_0(980)$ significantly different from the one observed in other experiments, with an apparently much larger width., Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures

We study the correlation functions of the $B^0 D^+, B^+ D^0$ system, which develops a bound state of approximately $40$ MeV, using inputs consistent with the $T_{cc}(3875)$ state. Then we address the inverse problem starting from these correlation functions to determine the scattering observables related to the system, including the existence of the bound state and its molecular nature. The important output of the approach is the uncertainty with which these observables can be obtained, considering errors in the $B^0 D^+, B^+ D^0$ correlation functions typical of current values in present correlation functions. We find that it is possible to obtain scattering lengths and effective ranges with relative high precision and the existence of a bound state. Although the pole position is obtained with errors of the order of $50 \%$ of the binding energy, the molecular probability of the state is obtained with a very small error of the order of $6\%$. All these findings can serve as motivation to perform such measurements in future runs of high energy hadron collisions., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, 7 tables; V2: version to be published in Chinese Physics C

Image segmentation is a clustering task whereby each pixel is assigned a cluster label. Remote sensing data usually consists of multiple bands of spectral images in which there exist semantically meaningful land cover subregions, co-registered with other source data such as LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) data, where available. This suggests that, in order to account for spatial correlation between pixels, a feature vector associated with each pixel may be a vectorized tensor representing the multiple bands and a local patch as appropriate. Similarly, multiple types of texture features based on a pixel's local patch would also be beneficial for encoding locally statistical information and spatial variations, without necessarily labelling pixel-wise a large amount of ground truth, then training a supervised model, which is sometimes impractical. In this work, by resorting to label only a small quantity of pixels, a new semi-supervised segmentation approach is proposed. Initially, over all pixels, an image data matrix is created in high dimensional feature space. Then, t-SNE projects the high dimensional data onto 3D embedding. By using radial basis functions as input features, which use the labelled data samples as centres, to pair with the output class labels, a modified canonical correlation analysis algorithm, referred to as RBF-CCA, is introduced which learns the associated projection matrix via the small labelled data set. The associated canonical variables, obtained for the full image, are applied by k-means clustering algorithm. The proposed semi-supervised RBF-CCA algorithm has been implemented on several remotely sensed multispectral images, demonstrating excellent segmentation results.

Starting from the molecular picture for the $D_{s1}(2460)$ and $D_{s1}(2536)$ resonances, which are dynamically generated by the interaction of coupled channels, the most important of which are the $D^*K$ for the $D_{s1}(2460)$ and $DK^*$ for the $D_{s1}(2536)$, we evaluate the ratio of decay widths for the $\bar{B}_s^0 \to D_{s1}(2460)^+ K^-$ and $\bar{B}_s^0 \to D_{s1}(2536)^+ K^-$ decays, the latter of which has been recently investigated by the LHCb collaboration, and we obtain a ratio of the order of unity. The present results should provide an incentive for the related decay into the $D_{s1}(2460)$ resonance to be performed, which would provide valuable information on the nature of these two resonances., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; V2: discussions added, references added, version to appear in Eur.Phys.J.C

We make a study of the $\Omega_c(3120)$, one of the five $\Omega_c$ states observed by the LHCb collaboration, which is well reproduced as a molecular state from the $\Xi^*_c \bar K$ and $\Omega^*_c \eta$ channels mostly. The state with $J^P = 3/2^-$ decays to $\Xi_c \bar K$ in $D$-wave and we include this decay channel in our approach, as well as the effect of the $\Xi^*_c$ width. With all these ingredients, we determine the fraction of the $\Omega_c(3120)$ width that goes into $\Xi_c \pi \bar K$, which could be a measure of the $\Xi^*_c \bar K$ molecular component, but due to a relatively big binding, compared to its analogous $\Omega(2012)$ state, we find only a small fraction of about 3%, which makes this measurement difficult with present statistics. As an alternative, we evaluate the scattering length and effective range of the $\Xi^*_c \bar K$ and $\Omega^*_c \eta$ channels which together with the binding and width of the $\Omega_c(3120)$ state, could give us an answer to the issue of the compositeness of this state when these magnitudes are determined experimentally, something feasible nowadays, for instance, measuring correlation functions., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; References added

In this work we compare the predictions for the scattering length and effective range of the channels $K^0 \Sigma^+, K^+ \Sigma^0 , K^+ \Lambda$ and $\eta p$, assuming the $N^*(1535)$ state as a molecular state of these channels, or an original genuine state, made for instance from three quarks. Looking at very different scenarios, what we conclude is that the predictions of these two pictures are drastically different, to the point that we advise the measurement of these magnitudes, accessible for instance by measuring correlation functions, in order to gain much valuable information concerning the nature of this state.

IMPORTANCE The response effectiveness of different large language models (LLMs) and various individuals, including medical students, graduate students, and practicing physicians, in pediatric ophthalmology consultations, has not been clearly established yet. OBJECTIVE Design a 100-question exam based on pediatric ophthalmology to evaluate the performance of LLMs in highly specialized scenarios and compare them with the performance of medical students and physicians at different levels. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study assessed three LLMs, namely ChatGPT (GPT-3.5), GPT-4, and PaLM2, were assessed alongside three human cohorts: medical students, postgraduate students, and attending physicians, in their ability to answer questions related to pediatric ophthalmology. It was conducted by administering questionnaires in the form of test papers through the LLM network interface, with the valuable participation of volunteers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mean scores of LLM and humans on 100 multiple-choice questions, as well as the answer stability, correlation, and response confidence of each LLM. RESULTS GPT-4 performed comparably to attending physicians, while ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) and PaLM2 outperformed medical students but slightly trailed behind postgraduate students. Furthermore, GPT-4 exhibited greater stability and confidence when responding to inquiries compared to ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) and PaLM2. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our results underscore the potential for LLMs to provide medical assistance in pediatric ophthalmology and suggest significant capacity to guide the education of medical students., Comment: 6 figures, 1 table

Purpose: The performance of three different large language models (LLMS) (GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and PaLM2) in answering ophthalmology professional questions was evaluated and compared with that of three different professional populations (medical undergraduates, medical masters, and attending physicians). Methods: A 100-item ophthalmology single-choice test was administered to three different LLMs (GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and PaLM2) and three different professional levels (medical undergraduates, medical masters, and attending physicians), respectively. The performance of LLM was comprehensively evaluated and compared with the human group in terms of average score, stability, and confidence. Results: Each LLM outperformed undergraduates in general, with GPT-3.5 and PaLM2 being slightly below the master's level, while GPT-4 showed a level comparable to that of attending physicians. In addition, GPT-4 showed significantly higher answer stability and confidence than GPT-3.5 and PaLM2. Conclusion: Our study shows that LLM represented by GPT-4 performs better in the field of ophthalmology. With further improvements, LLM will bring unexpected benefits in medical education and clinical decision making in the near future.

We perform a theoretical study of the $J/\psi \to \omega (\phi) K^* \bar{K} + c.c. \to \omega (\phi) K^0 \pi^+ K^-$ reactions with the assumption that the $f_1(1285)$ is dynamically generated from a single channel $K^* \bar{K} + c.c$ interaction in the chiral unitary approach. Two peaks in the $K^0 \pi^+ K^-$ invariant mass distribution are observed, one clear peak locates at the $f_1(1285)$ nominal mass, the other peak locates at around $1420\; \rm MeV$ with about $70 \;\rm MeV$ width. We conclude that the former peak is associated with the $f_1(1285)$ and the latter peak is not a genuine resonance but a manifestation of the kinematic effect in the higher energy region caused by the $K^* \bar{K} + c.c.$ decay mode of the $f_1(1285)$., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures; v2: discussion added, references added, version to appear in Eur.Phys.J.C

The $N^*(1535)$ can be dynamically generated in the chiral unitary approach with the coupled channels, $K^0 \Sigma^+, K^+ \Sigma^0, K^+ \Lambda$ and $\eta p$. In this work we evaluate the correlation functions for every channel and face the inverse problem. Assuming the correlation functions to correspond to real measurements, we conduct a fit to the data within a general framework in order to extract the information contained in these correlation functions. The bootstrap method is used to determine the uncertainties of the different observables, and we find that, assuming errors of the same order than in present measurements of correlation functions, one can determine the scattering length and effective range of all channels with a very good accuracy. Most remarkable is the fact that the method predicts the existence of a bound state of isospin $\frac{1}{2}$ nature around the mass of the $N^*(1535)$ with an accuracy of $6\; \rm MeV$. These results should encourage the actual measurement of these correlation functions (only the $K^+ \Lambda$ one is measured so far), which can shed valuable light on the relationship of the $ N^*(1535)$ state to these coupled channels, a subject of continuous debate., Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables; v2: discussions added, references added

We study the decays $\bar B^0 \to \bar K^0 \, X$, $B^- \to K^- \, X$, $\bar B^0_s \to \eta (\eta')\, X$, $\bar B^0 \to \bar K^{*0} \, X$, $B^- \to K^{*-} \, X$ , $\bar B_s^0 \to \phi \, X$, with $X \equiv X(3872)$, from the perspective of the $X(3872)$ being a molecular state made from the interaction of the $D^{*+} D^-, D^{*0} \bar D^0$ and $c.c.$ components. We consider both the external and internal emission decay mechanisms and find an explanation for the $\bar K^0 \, X$ and $K^- \, X$ production rates, based on the mass difference of the charged and neutral $D^* \bar D$ components. We also find that the internal and external emission mechanisms add constructively in the $\bar B^0 \to \bar K^0 \, X$, $B^- \to K^- \, X$ reactions, while they add destructively in the case of $\bar B^0 \to \bar K^{*0} \, X$, $B^- \to K^{*-} \, X$ reactions. This feature explains the decay widths of the present measurements and allows us to make predictions for the unmeasured modes of $\bar B^0_s \to \eta (\eta')\, X(3872)$ and $B^- \to K^{*-} \, X(3872)$. The future measurement of these decay modes will help us get a better perspective on the nature of the $X(3872)$ and the mechanisms present in production reactions of that state., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; V2: discussions added, references added, version published in Phys. Rev. D

Deep neural networks have become a standard building block for designing models that can perform multiple dense computer vision tasks such as depth estimation and semantic segmentation thanks to their ability to capture complex correlations in high dimensional feature space across tasks. However, the cross-task correlations that are learned in the unstructured feature space can be extremely noisy and susceptible to overfitting, consequently hurting performance. We propose to address this problem by introducing a structured 3D-aware regularizer which interfaces multiple tasks through the projection of features extracted from an image encoder to a shared 3D feature space and decodes them into their task output space through differentiable rendering. We show that the proposed method is architecture agnostic and can be plugged into various prior multi-task backbones to improve their performance; as we evidence using standard benchmarks NYUv2 and PASCAL-Context., Comment: 3D-aware Multi-task Learning, Code will be available at https://github.com/VICO-UoE/MTPSL

We recall that the chiral unitary approach for the interaction of pseudoscalar mesons with the baryons of the decuplet predicts two states for the $\Xi(1820)$ resonance, one with a narrow width and the other one with a large width. We contrast this fact with the recent BESIII measurement of the $K^- \Lambda$ mass distribution in the $\psi(3686)$ decay to $K^- \Lambda \bar\Xi^+ $, which demands a width much larger than the average of the PDG, and show how the consideration of the two $\Xi(1820)$ states provides a natural explanation to this apparent contradiction., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures