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Active topological phase transitions widely occur in active matters and biological systems, such as developing embryos. Since the discovery of the intriguing bulk-boundary effects of topological insulators in Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems, various electric, optical, acoustic, and mechanical topological metamaterials with efficient energy transmission and robust defect-immunization have been designed. To date, however, it remains a challenge to precisely and fast manipulate the topological phase transitions in elastic topological insulators. In this paper, on the basis of theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we propose an active strategy to achieve this aim through a combination of pneumatic actuation and liquid metals. The proposed method can precisely tune the connecting stiffness and vertex mass in the tight Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model. Thus, we realize the effective and fast control of topological phase transitions and elastic wave bandgap switching. We also uncover the active spinning bulk-boundary effects and higher-order topological states in the elastic topological insulators, demonstrating the high effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method. In addition, the differences between the 1D edge and 0D corner higher-order states are specified by information entropy theory. This work not only gains insights into the active manipulation of topological phase transitions but also inspires novel strategies to design active topological materials through untethered methods, e.g., magnetism or biological cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A new concept of HER2‐low has emerged in recent years. However, the prognostic value and the relapse pattern of HER2‐low is unclear. Methods: Our study included patients diagnosed with HER2‐negative/hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer to explore the differences in survival outcomes between the HER2‐low group and the HER2‐zero group. More importantly, we explored different recurrence patterns, including the comparison of metastatic sites and recurrence time curve between the two groups. Results: A total of 797 patients with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer were analyzed. Similar disease‐free survival (DFS) was observed between the HER2‐low group and HER2‐zero group (HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.61–1.16, p = 0.290). There was also no significant difference in OS between the HER2‐low group and the HER2‐zero group (HR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.46–1.28, p = 0.310). When IHC 1+ and 0 were taken as a group, the IHC 2+ group had significantly better DFS than the IHC 1+ and 0 group in some subgroups. The risk of bone metastasis in patients with HER2 IHC 1+ and 0 was significantly higher than that of patients with HER2 IHC 2+ (12.7% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001). Compared with the HER2‐zero group, we found that the HER2‐low group had a more obvious peak in mortality at the time of postoperative 80th–100th month. Conclusions: No significant difference in DFS and OS between the HER2‐low group and the HER2‐zero group was observed. Patients with HER2 IHC 1+ and 0 tend to develop bone metastasis. The HER2‐low group had a more obvious second peak in mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the performance of the sonar system, a stepped broadband high-sensitivity hydroacoustic transducer is developed. Through theoretical analysis and finite element simulation, the feasibility of expanding the operating bandwidth and improving the sensitivity of the monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material sensitive element is analyzed, and the dimensional parameters of this sensitive element are optimized. Compared with the traditional composite material, the sensitive element has excellent piezoelectric performance, with broadband and high sensitivity properties. The monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material transducer and the same size stepped composite transducer were prepared, and their hydroacoustic performance was tested. The test results show that the monometallic plate stepped piezoelectric material transducer has far superior sensitivity performance than the same size stepped composite transducer and also has broadband performance. The peak transmits voltage response of the monometallic plate stepped transducer is 166 dB, and the −3 dB bandwidth reaches 60 kHz; the peak receives sensitivity is −183 dB, and the −3 dB bandwidth reaches 55 kHz, which can effectively improve the performance of the sonar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen associated with high mortality rates. The extensive use of antibiotics is associated with the rise of drug resistance, and exotoxins are not targeted by antibiotics. Therefore, monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has emerged as a promising solution to solve the clinical problems caused by refractory S aureus. Recent research suggests that the synergistic effects of several cytotoxins, including bicomponent toxins, are critical to the pathogenesis of S aureus. By comparing the amino acid sequences, researchers found that α-toxin and bicomponent toxins have high homology. Therefore, we aimed to screen an antibody, designated an all-in-one mAb, that could neutralize α-toxin and bicomponent toxins through hybridoma fusion. We found that this mAb has a significant pharmacodynamic effect within in vivo mouse models and in vitro experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ontology plays a vital role in linking and publishing heritage data. However, the main difficulties of building ontology faced by heritage institutions are how the cultural heritage information is integrated into a fine-grained ontology. Therefore, following the ISO principles of Terminology (ISO 1087 and 704), this article proposed a term-concept-characteristic methodology that is user-friendly for cultural heritage experts to build a fine-grained ontology. This article aims to provide a method to integrate the fine-grained knowledge of cultural heritage into an ontology, especially when it is necessary to build a fine-grained ontology for particular purposes, such as knowledge-based terminological resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbes are an important part of the vineyard ecosystem, which significantly influence the quality of grapes. Previously, we identified a bud mutant variety (named 'Fengzao') from 'Kyoho' grapes. The variation of microbial communities in grape and its bud mutant variety has not been studied yet. So, in this study, with the samples of both 'Fengzao' and 'Kyoho', we conducted high-throughput microbiome sequencing and investigated their microbial communities in different tissues. Obvious differences were observed in the microbial communities between 'Fengzao' and 'Kyoho'. The fruit and the stem are the tissues with relatively higher abundance of microbes, while the leaves contained less microbes. The fruit and the stem of 'Kyoho' and the stem of 'Fengzao' had relatively higher species diversity based on the alpha diversity analysis. Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Rhodobacteraceae had significantly high abundance in 'Fengzao'. Firmicutes and Pseudomonas were highly abundant in the stems of 'Kyoho', and family of Spirochaetaceae, Anaplasmataceae, Chlorobiaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae, and genera of Spirochaeta, Sphingomonas, Chlorobaculum and Wolbachia were abundant in the fruits of 'Kyoho'. These identified microbes are main components of the microbial communities, and could be important regulators of grapevine growth and development. This study revealed the differences in the microbial compositions between 'Kyoho' and its bud mutant, and these identified microbes will be significant resources for the future researches on the quality regulation and disease control of grapevines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiomyocytes are the major cell populations in the heart. CFs not only support cardiomyocytes by producing extracellular matrix (ECM) but also assimilate myocardial nutrient metabolism. Recent studies suggest that the classical intercellular lactate shuttle may function in the heart, with lactate transported from CFs to cardiomyocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding the generation and delivery of lactate from CFs to cardiomyocytes have yet to be explored. Results: In this study, we found that angiotensin II (Ang II) induced CFs differentiation into myofibroblasts that, driven by cell metabolism, then underwent a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. During this metabolic conversion, the expression of amino acid synthesis 5-like 1 (GCN5L1) was upregulated and bound to and acetylated mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (MPC2) at lysine residue 19. Hyperacetylation of MPC2k19 disrupted mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and mitochondrial respiration. GCN5L1 ablation downregulated MPC2K19 acetylation, stimulated mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism, and inhibited glycolysis and lactate accumulation. In addition, myofibroblast-specific GCN5L1-knockout mice (GCN5L1fl/fl: Periostin-Cre) showed reduced myocardial hypertrophy and collagen content in the myocardium. Moreover, cardiomyocyte-specific monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1)-knockout mice (MCT1fl/fl: Myh6-Cre) exhibited blocked shuttling of lactate from CFs to cardiomyocytes and attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that GCN5L1-MPC2 signalling pathway alters metabolic patterns, and blocking MCT1 interrupts the fibroblast-to-cardiomyocyte lactate shuttle, which may attenuate cardiac remodelling in hypertension. Highlights: 1. Ang II elevated lactate production during CFs differentiation into myofibroblasts. 2. GCN5L1-mediated MPC2K19 acetylation reduces MPC activity. 3. Acetylation of MPC2K19 alters CFs metabolic patterns. 4. Blocking MCT1 activity disrupts the lactate shuttle and attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and cardiomyocytes are the major cell populations in the heart. CFs not only support cardiomyocytes by producing extracellular matrix (ECM) but also assimilate myocardial nutrient metabolism. Recent studies suggest that the classical intercellular lactate shuttle may function in the heart, with lactate transported from CFs to cardiomyocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding the generation and delivery of lactate from CFs to cardiomyocytes have yet to be explored. Results: In this study, we found that angiotensin II (Ang II) induced CFs differentiation into myofibroblasts that, driven by cell metabolism, then underwent a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. During this metabolic conversion, the expression of amino acid synthesis 5-like 1 (GCN5L1) was upregulated and bound to and acetylated mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (MPC2) at lysine residue 19. Hyperacetylation of MPC2k19 disrupted mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and mitochondrial respiration. GCN5L1 ablation downregulated MPC2K19 acetylation, stimulated mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism, and inhibited glycolysis and lactate accumulation. In addition, myofibroblast-specific GCN5L1-knockout mice (GCN5L1fl/fl: Periostin-Cre) showed reduced myocardial hypertrophy and collagen content in the myocardium. Moreover, cardiomyocyte-specific monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1)-knockout mice (MCT1fl/fl: Myh6-Cre) exhibited blocked shuttling of lactate from CFs to cardiomyocytes and attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that GCN5L1-MPC2 signalling pathway alters metabolic patterns, and blocking MCT1 interrupts the fibroblast-to-cardiomyocyte lactate shuttle, which may attenuate cardiac remodelling in hypertension. Highlights: 1. Ang II elevated lactate production during CFs differentiation into myofibroblasts. 2. GCN5L1-mediated MPC2K19 acetylation reduces MPC activity. 3. Acetylation of MPC2K19 alters CFs metabolic patterns. 4. Blocking MCT1 activity disrupts the lactate shuttle and attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artefacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that is inherited from past generations. Terminology is a tool for the dissemination and communication of cultural heritage. The lack of clearly identified terminologies is an obstacle to communication and knowledge sharing. Especially, for experts with different languages, it is difficult to understand what the term refers to only through terms. Our work aims to respond to this issue by implementing practices drawn from the Semantic Web and ISO Terminology standards (ISO 704 and ISO 1087-1) and more particularly, by building in a W3C format ontology as knowledge infrastructure to construct a multilingual terminology e-Dictionary. The Chinese ceramic vases of the Ming and Qing dynasties are the application cases of our work. The method of building ontology is the 'term-and-characteristic guided method', which follows the ISO principles of Terminology. The main result of this work is an online terminology e-Dictionary. The terminology e-Dictionary could help archaeologists communicate and understand the concepts denoted by terms in different languages and provide a new perspective based on ontology for the digital protection of cultural heritage. The e-Dictionary was published at http://www.dh.ketrc.com/e-dictionary.html. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic ozonation is an efficient method for VOCs abatement at low temperatures, in which the rational design of highly active heterogeneous catalysts constitutes the most significant step. In this study, Al 2 O 3 was first optimized by loading MnO x. And then K was used for modifying MnO x /Al 2 O 3 catalyst, which exhibited 2.4 × 10−3 mol∙g−1∙s−1 oxidation rate for dichloromethane and toluene oxidation with ca. 0.89 ppm ozone detected at 80 °C. That could be directly applied for removing toluene and dichloromethane mixture or coupled with other treatment technologies (such as biological purification). Besides, appropriate K doping could increase the amount of reactive surface oxygen species and the ratio of Mn2+, hence contributing to an enhanced oxidation ability. By contrast, an excess K doping inevitably lowered the activity of active surface oxygen species and interfered with the transformation of Mn3+ to Mn2+, which resulted in a weakened oxidative ability and thus a decreased catalytic activity. Finally, the reaction mechanisms over 0.1 K-MnO x /Al 2 O 3 were tried to be demonstrated that the degradation of toluene mainly followed the pathway of toluene – phenylcarbinol – benzaldehyde – benzoic acid – phenyl group – small-molecule species and/or CO 2 while the route of dichloromethane – methanol – formaldehyde – formic acid – small-molecule species and/or CO 2 explained the catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane. All of these findings may facilitate the design of novel heterogeneous catalysts for VOCs oxidation and progress the development of catalytic ozonation for toluene and dichloromethane abatement. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive function is an important ability of the brain, but cognitive dysfunction can easily develop once the brain is injured in various neuropathological conditions or diseases. Photobiomodulation therapy is a type of noninvasive physical therapy that is gradually emerging in the field of neuroscience. Transcranial photobiomodulation has been commonly used to regulate neural activity in the superficial cortex. To stimulate deeper brain activity, advanced photobiomodulation techniques in conjunction with photosensitive nanoparticles have been developed. This review addresses the mechanisms of photobiomodulation on neurons and neural networks and discusses the advantages, disadvantages and potential applications of photobiomodulation alone or in combination with photosensitive nanoparticles. Photobiomodulation and its associated strategies may provide new breakthrough treatments for cognitive improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic luminescence materials with intelligent response to external stimuli have drawn considerable interest owing to their alluring applications. Photochromic (PC) is a reversible process which can be adopted to construct subtle luminescence regulation. However, the PC effect is commonly weak for most inorganic materials. It is still challenging to realize strong luminescence switching and PC effect in general inorganic compounds. To fill this gap, tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) oxides with ingenious upconversion (UC) luminescence modulation and prominent PC phenomenon were designed by introducing variable valence ion (Mo6+). Under this decorating, the UC luminescence switching ratio and PC contrast could be increased up to 2 and 4 times, respectively. The real-time information encoding based on PC and UC modulation was realized in TTB wafer, confirming the instant handwriting dual-mode display capacity. It is believed that this work will shed new light on the designing of terminal display devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) is a newly discovered gene regulating cuprotosis. However, the effect of FDX1 expression on clear renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unknown. Methods. Gene expression profiles and clinical data of ccRCC patients were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differences in FDX1 expression between ccRCC and nonneoplastic tissues adjacent to cancer were analyzed by R software. The results were validated by GEO data, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Chi-square test was used to analyze the clinical pathological parameters. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression model selection were used to evaluate the effect of FDX1 expression on overall survival. Protein interaction networks were used to analyze other proteins that interact with FDX1. Signal pathway analysis was performed for possible FDX1 enrichment using GSEA and ssGSEA algorithms. Pan-cancer analysis of FDX1 was carried out through TCGA database. Results. The FDX1 expression in nontumor tissues was significantly higher than that in ccRCC, and the expression difference was verified by GEO data, qRT-PCR, WB, and IHC. The high expression of FDX1 was significantly related to the well overall survival rate (P < 0.05). The chi-square test showed that the high expression of FDX1 was related to gender, TNM stage, T stage, lymph node metastasis, and pathological grade. Additionally, the FDX1 expression level was different in groups classified based on pathological grade, gender, TNM stage, T stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed the high expression of FDX1 as an important independent predictor for overall survival. STRING database results showed that LIAS and LIPT1 may interact with FDX1 in the PPI network, which are also involved in the regulation of cuprotosis. The GSEA and ssGSEA results showed that the FDX1 was enriched in the anticancer pathway. The FDX1 high expression is associated with better prognosis in many cancers, as revealed by pan-cancer analysis. Conclusion. FDX1 may play a role in the progression of ccRCC as a tumor suppressor gene. It can be used as a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target of ccRCC. However, the cuprotosis regulatory role in the development of ccRCC needs to be further verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chronological biography or 'Nianpu' is a special style of Chinese historical writing formed by a person's life events in time order. It provides significant records for the research of historical events. However, from syntactic collation, structural, and semantic aspects, the heterogeneousness of Nianpu materials caused the lack of systematical information collation, which could hinder the research of historical events. The article presents a semantic WebGIS platform based on an entity-oriented search and visualization system to reorganize unstructured information. It delivers: (1) a Chinese historical event database to store and manage Chinese historical information derived from the chronological biography; (2) an ontology to integrate different historical datasets; and (3) a web geographic information system to visualize and analyze information of historical events. This platform achieves the reorganization of historical event information at spatial and temporal levels by the Web. It enables humanities researchers to explore the relationships of historical entities and their evolution visually and interactively. The platform is available at https://nianpu.pkudh.org/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual-channel nearly perfect absorption is realized by the coupled modes of topological interface states (TIS) in the near-infrared range. An all-dielectric layered heterostructure composed of photonic crystals (PhC)/graphene/PhC/graphene/PhC on GaAs substrate is proposed to excite the TIS at the interface of adjacent PhC with opposite topological properties. Based on finite element method (FEM) and transfer matrix method (TMM), the dual-channel absorption can be modulated by the periodic number of middle PhC, Fermi level of graphene, and angle of incident light (TE and TM polarizations). Especially, by fine-tuning the Fermi level of graphene around 0.4 eV, the absorption of both channels can be switched rapidly and synchronously. This design is hopefully integrated into silicon-based chips to control light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Causative factors of breast cancer include infections, such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological features of EBV-positive (IBC) and determine if EBV affects programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1)/PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in IBC, similar to other EBV-infected tumors with PD-L1/PD-1 expression. Methods: We collected 140 samples of IBC tissues and 25 samples of adjacent tissues. All patients were followed-up by telephone from the day of surgery to December 2020. Chromogenic in-situ hybridization was performed to evaluate EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate PD-L1 and PD-1 expressions. The correlation between PD1/PDL1 expression and clinicopathological features was also analyzed. Results: EBER was detected in 57 of 140 (40.7%) IBC tissues and not detected in any adjacent tissue (P < 0.05). Clinicopathologic features of patients were consistent with EBV-associated IBC. EBV infection was correlated with the mass size, menopausal status, axillary lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, Ki-67 index, clinical stage, and estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expressions (all P < 0.05), but not with the histological type, invasive ductal carcinoma histological grade, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (all P > 0.05). The positive rate of PD-1/PD-L1 expression was higher in the EBV-positive group than in the EBV-negative group (P < 0.05). The Kaplan–Meier univariate survival analysis showed that EBV was associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with IBC. PD-L1/PD-1 expression could predict a poor prognosis. Conclusions: In this study, clinicopathologic characteristics of patients were consistent with EBV-infected IBC. Patients with EBV-positive breast cancer were more likely to have elevated PD-1/PDL-1 expression compared to those with EBV-negative breast cancer. This finding could serve as a basis to explore therapeutic targets, particularly immunotherapy, for patients with IBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of the Semantic Web and Linked Data initiative has contributed to new perspectives and opportunities regarding cultural heritage conservation. Museums have extensive collections of Chinese ceramic vases in China. Although some data sources have been digitized, the vision of cultural heritage institutions is not only to display objects and simple descriptions (drawn from metadata), but also to allow for understanding relationships between objects (created by semantically interrelated metadata). The key to achieving this goal is to utilize the technologies of the Semantic Web, whose core is Ontology. The focus of this paper is to describe the construction of the TAO CI ("ceramics" in Chinese) ontology and terminology of the domain of ceramic vases of the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) dynasties. The theoretical framework relies on the notion of essential characteristics. This notion is compliant with the ISO principles on Terminology (ISO 1087 and 704), according to which a concept is defined as a combination of essential characteristics, and with the Aristotelian definition in terms of genus and differentia. This approach is intuitive for domain experts and requires identifying essential characteristics, combining them into concepts, and translating the result into a Semantic Web language. This article proposes an approach based on a morphological analysis of the Chinese terms for vases to identify essential characteristics and a term-guided method for defining concepts. Such a term-and-characteristic guided approach makes ontology engineering less dependent on formal languages and does not require a background in Description Logics. The research presented in this article aims to publish the resulting structured data on the Semantic Web for the use of anybody interested, including museums hosting collections of these vessels, and enrich existing domain ontology building methodologies. To our knowledge, there are no comprehensive ontologies for Chinese ceramic vases. TAO CI ontology remedies this gap and provides a reference for ontology building in other domains of Chinese cultural heritage. The TAO CI ontology is openly accessible here: http://www.dh.ketrc.com/otcontainer/data/otc.owl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual number matrix decompositions have played an important role in fields such as kinematics and computer graphics in recent years. In this paper, we present a QR decomposition algorithm for dual number matrices. When dealing with large-scale problems, we present the thin QR decomposition of dual number matrices, along with its algorithm with column pivoting. In numerical experiments, we discuss the suitability of different QR algorithms when confronted with various large-scale dual matrices, providing their respective domains of applicability. Finally, we employ the QR decomposition of dual matrices to compute the DMPGI, attaining results of higher precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) treatment improves K+ uptake in grapes. • H 2 O 2 treatment activates flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. • H 2 O 2 changes ethylene signaling to promote K+ uptake by regulating K+ transporters. Potassium ion (K+) is an essential nutrient for plants. Grapes are an important industrial crop with an extremely high demand for potassium. However, potassium deficiency occurs frequently in viticulture and greatly restricts the grape industry. Developing a technique to improve potassium uptake efficiency is of vital importance for grapes. In this study, we found that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) treatment could improve K+ uptake in grapes. To determine the mechanisms underlying H 2 O 2 -induced K+ uptake, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted and the differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that ion transport-related pathways and genes changed after H 2 O 2 treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was closely related to H 2 O 2 -induced K+ uptake, and H 2 O 2 treatment could activate the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Further analysis demonstrated that H 2 O 2 treatment could activate ethylene synthesis and the ethylene signaling pathway, which promoted K+ uptake by regulating K+ transporter genes. Overall, this study demonstrates a new technique, H 2 O 2 treatment, for enhancing potassium uptake efficiency in grapes and reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying H 2 O 2 -induced K+ uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxanes plus carboplatin (TP) regimen may be an acceptable alternative adjuvant chemotherapy strategy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, the difference with the anthracycline-based regimen is yet to be clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the difference between platinum-based and anthracycline-based regimens in prolonging the survival time in TNBC. Using exploratory landmark analysis, we found that the platinum-based TP regimen offers a longer disease-free survival (DFS) than the anthracycline-based regimen in TNBC patients with a DFS of > 4 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared easily from Rabdosia rubescens residue to realize the efficient utilization of waste resources. The yield was about 95.03% under the optimal conditions. Then, MCC membrane was prepared by phase transformation method and its structure and mechanical properties were studied systemically. The results showed the cellulose crystal structure changed from type I to type II in the process of forming membrane, and the thermal stability decreased simultaneously. The content of MCC in casting solution has great influence on the mechanical properties of membranes. The higher the content of MCC, the better the comprehensive mechanical properties of the membranes is. When MCC content is 9%, the tensile strength and elongation at break can reach 8.38 MPa and 26.72%, which is better than traditional cellulose membranes. Finally, the separation properties were studied by separation BSA from water. The results showed that the rejection rate and water flux changed positively and negatively with the change of MCC content. When the content was 5%, the membrane demonstrated the best comprehensive performance, its rejection for BSA was 37.23 g/(m2 h), the corresponding rejection rate and water flux were 88.87% and 41.89 L/(m2 h) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC) is recognized to be efficient green energy technology in the 21st century. However, when hydrocarbons are directly used as fuel, carbon deposition is easy to occur in Ni-based anode, thus losing electrochemical catalytic activity. Fuel pre-reforming is also called on-cell reforming of hydrocarbons, which has been a promising solution for alleviating the carbon deposition problem in cermet anodes to varying degrees. And the key factor is to find an efficient and stable fuel reforming catalyst. Perovskite oxides have stable structure, highly catalytic activity and adjustable thermal expansion coefficient for using on the cells, showing great potentials of application for fuel reforming. In this paper, we summarize the application of perovskite catalyst in CH 4 fuel reforming based on the research of our group and other scholars, and puts forward the corresponding views and perspective, especially in perovskite catalyst with Ni exsolution. [Display omitted] • Fuel pre-reforming can efficiently solve the problem of coking in direct-CH 4 SOFC. • The key factor for fuel reforming in SOFC is to find a highly active catalyst. • Perovskite can act as an efficient and stable catalyst for dry reforming of methane. • The current state of perovskite catalysts for reforming has been summarize. • Well-designed perovskite with applicable Ni exsolution was a promising alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-interacting protein with a forkhead-associated domain (TIFA), a key regulator of inflammation, may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A total of 48 PAH patients (age 50.1 ± 13.1 years, 22.9% men), 25 hypertensive subjects, and 26 healthy controls were enrolled. TIFA protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Pulmonary arterial hemodynamics were derived from right heart catheterization. PAH patients had the highest expression of TIFA, TNF-α, and IL-1β. TIFA protein expression was significantly associated with IL-1β (r = 0.94; P < 0.001), TNF-α (r = 0.93; P < 0.001), mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.41; P = 0.006), and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.41; P = 0.007). TIFA protein expression could independently predict the presence of PAH (odds ratio [95% confidence interval per-0.1 standard deviation]: 1.72 [1.37–2.16]; P < 0.001) and outperformed echocardiographic estimation. Ex vivo silencing of TIFA protein expression in PBMCs led to the suppression of the cellular expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. IL-1β and TNF-α mediated 80.4% and 56.6% of the causal relationship between TIFA and PAH, respectively, supporting the idea that TIFA protein is involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upconversion (UC) luminescence modulation is quite important in controlling and processing light for active components of light sources, photoswitches, optical memories, and optical sensing devices. In this work, we reported one kind of novel phosphor, Ho3+/Yb3+‐doped SrBi4Ti4O15 ceramics, which displayed both strong UC luminescence and obvious photochromic (PC) reaction. The UC luminescence, PC effect, and the modulation of UC performance based on PC behavior were investigated in detail. By alternating visible light irradiation and thermal stimulus, the UC luminescence could be reversibly regulated. Meanwhile, the modulation was unveiled to tightly rely on the irradiation time and thermal treatment processes. Excellent reproducibility was also achieved. In addition, as an alternative method to thermal treatment, the manipulation of luminescence by electric field was also explored. Finally, the mechanism related to the UC luminescence manipulation was illustrated. The results indicate that these samples could be potentially utilized in optical data storage and anti‐counterfeiting security fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Xiazha Formation recently identified in the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone of southern Tibet has been considered as crucial evidence for early (pre-Cretaceous) subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. In this study, we carried out an integrated stratigraphic, petrographic, and geochemical study of the Xiazha Formation, which consists of abyssal chert, siliceous mudrocks, and calcareous turbidites deposited onto basaltic basement. Basalt geochemistry indicates alkali to tholeiitic magmas generated in a within-plate oceanic setting. The siliciclastic fraction contained in calcareous turbidites consists of plagioclase and mafic-rock fragments derived from the underlying basalts, and includes Cr-spinel grains with relatively high TiO 2 and moderate Al 2 O 3 concentrations pointing to an OIB source. Based on these data, and virtual lack of detritus of continental origin, we infer that the Xiazha Formation was deposited in oceanic island/plateau within the Neo-Tethyan domain. Its stratigraphy records an evolution from basaltic eruptions to the development of a carbonate platform surrounding the basaltic island, and finally to drowning of the atoll. The Xiazha Formation was not deposited in a subduction-related basin and, therefore, cannot be used as evidence for pre-Cretaceous initiation of the Yarlung subduction zone. • Earliest Cretaceous oceanic island developed in the Neo-Tethys Ocean. • The Xiazha Formation in the Yarlung suture shows intact stratigraphic continuity. • It was deposited on an oceanic island rather than in a subduction setting. • The Xiazha Formation records the evolution of the oceanic island through time. • The Xiazha Formation cannot be used as evidence for pre-130 Ma subduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to develop the effective technique to treat phenol-containing wastewater. Herein, Fe-based prussian blue analogues-derived zero valent iron (ZVI) was successfully synthesized by one-step calcination method. Owing to high specific surface area and rich active sites, ZVI-2 possessed excellent performance in charge transfer. Notably, in comparison with conventional ZVI and Fe2+, ZVI-2 can effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for achieving rapid degradation of phenol, and the highest removal efficiency of phenol reached 94.9% within 24 min. More importantly, developed ZVI-2/PMS oxidation system with good stability displayed strong anti-interference capability. Interestingly, Fe0 loaded on the surface of ZVI-2 can efficiently break the O–O bond of PMS to generate reactive oxygen species (i.e., SO 4 •−, OH•, O 2 •− and 1O 2). As main adsorption sites of PMS, the existence of oxygen vacancy promote the formation of high-valent transition metal complexes (namely ZVI-2≡Fe4+=O). Under the combined action of reactive oxygen species and ZVI-2≡Fe4+=O, phenol can be eventually degraded into CO 2 and H 2 O. The possible degradation pathways of phenol were also investigated. Furthermore, proposed ZVI-2/PMS oxidation system displayed great potential for application in the field of wastewater treatment. All in all, current work provided a valuable reference for design and application of Fe-based catalysts in PS-AOPs. [Display omitted] • Prussian blue analogues-derived zero valent iron with great activity was prepared. • Proposed ZVI-2/PMS oxidation system had excellent performance in phenol degradation. • Existence of oxygen vacancy promote the generation of high-valent iron-oxo complex. • Both reactive oxygen species and ZVI-2≡Fe4+=O were involved in phenol degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impairment of autophagy can cause cellular metabolic perturbations involved in endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). However, the interplay between the cellular autophagy machinery and endothelial metabolism remains elusive. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an NAD‐dependent deacetylase, is a major cellular sensor of energy metabolism. The aim of this work was to determine the role of SIRT3‐mediated autophagy in cellular metabolism and the process of EndoMT. We demonstrated that Angiotensin II (Ang II) led to defective autophagic flux and high levels of glycolysis in endothelial cells (ECs) accompanied by a loss of mitochondrial SIRT3 during EndoMT. The loss of SIRT3 further induced the hyperacetylation of endogenous autophagy‐regulated gene 5 (ATG5), which in turn inhibited autophagosome maturation and increased pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) dimer expression. The M2 dimer is the less active form of PKM2, which drives glucose through aerobic glycolysis. Additionally, TEPP‐46, a selective PKM2 tetramer activator, produced lower concentrations of lactate and led to the reduction of EndoMT both in vitro and in vivo. In parallel, the blockade of lactate influx from ECs into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) downregulated synthetic VSMC markers. EC‐specific SIRT3 transgenic mice exhibited reduced endothelial cell transition but partial rescue of vascular fibrosis and collagen accumulation. Taken together, these findings reveal that SIRT3 regulates EndoMT by improving the autophagic degradation of PKM2. Pharmacological targeting of glycolysis metabolism may, therefore, represent an effective therapeutic strategy for hypertensive vascular remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Investigated Particulate matter (PM) transfer between atmosphere and traffic road surfaces. • Statistically modelling re-suspension and deposition of PM. • The influence of traffic volume on PM transfer was characterised. • Impact of climatic factors on PM transfer was characterised. The deposition and the re-suspension of particulate matter (PM) in urban areas are the key processes that contribute not only to stormwater pollution, but also to air pollution. However, investigation of the deposition and the re-suspension of PM is challenging because of the difficulties in distinguishing between the resuspended and the deposited PM. This study created two Bayesian Networks (BN) models to explore the deposition and the re-suspension of PM as well as the important influential factors. The outcomes of BN modelling revealed that deposition and re-suspension of PM10 occurred under both, high-traffic and low-traffic conditions, and the re-suspension of PM2.5 occurred under low-traffic conditions. The deposition of PM10 under low-volume traffic condition is 1.6 times higher than under high-volume traffic condition, which is attributed to the decrease in PM10 caused by relatively higher turbulence under high-volume traffic conditions. PM10 is more easily resuspended from road surfaces compared to PM2.5 as the particles which larger than the thickness of the laminar airflow over the road surface are more easily removed from road surfaces. The increase in wind speed contributes to the increase in PM build-up by transporting particulates from roadside areas to the road surfaces and the airborne PM2.5 and PM10 increases with the increase in relative humidity. The study outcomes provide a step improvement in the understanding of the transfer processes of PM2.5 and PM10 between atmosphere and urban road surfaces, which in turn will contribute to the effective design of mitigation measures for urban stormwater and air pollution. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manipulation of luminescence properties of upconversion (UC) materials from micro to macro aspects is of vital importance for disclosing new physical phenomena and expanding the range of applications. In this work, a novel class of SrBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 (SBN)-based inorganic photochromic (PC) phosphors was synthesized, which exhibited intense susceptibility to visible light irradiation. Large reversible UC modulation ability upon PC effect was realized. Besides, the regulation of UC luminescence was discovered to strongly rely on the irradiation time and heating processes. The mechanisms connected to the UC luminescence, PC effect, and UC manipulation were illustrated. These results demonstrated that SBN-based samples owing high reversible manipulation ratio, fast response, low heating temperature, and excellent reproducibility can be employed as a type of ideal optical medium for future information storage device. In addition, based on the reversible behavior of photochromism, the application of the SBN-based ceramic as an anti-counterfeiting agent was also depicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, continuous ozonolysis of terminal alkenes in a rotating zigzag bed was developed. Rotating zigzag bed is a new type high gravity unit relative to the previous rotating packed bed and can intensify mass transfer remarkably. The rotating zigzag bed takes advantage of centrifugal force to mix liquid and gas phase effectively. The H2O in acetone acts as an in situ reducing agent for the carbonyl oxide intermediate, providing aldehydes directly from the reaction mixture. Critical factors were investigated and achieved optimum reaction conditions. Under these conditions, the yields of series aldehydes ranged from 72.3 to 95.8%. The discrepancy in product yields among different olefin substrates likely originates from the electronic stability of the carbonyl oxide intermediate, which is longer lived for aryl olefines with electron donor group and longer carbon chain alkene (CnH2n, n ≥ 10). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoluminescence materials with reversible luminescence regulation properties have great potential for applications in photoswitches, optical sensing, and high-density optical data storage devices. In this work, a series of Pr3+-doped Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BiT) ceramics were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-phase reaction method. It is well known that BiT is the most famous one within the Aurivillius ferroelectric (FE) system. Previous works routinely focused on the FE-related properties of BiT-based compounds, but little attention has been devoted to the luminescence, especially the luminescence modulation performance. Here, a large and reversible photoluminescence modulation by alternating visible light irradiation and thermal stimulus based on photochromic (PC) process was achieved. Meanwhile, the influence of sintering temperature on the luminescence modulation behavior was also illustrated. The luminescence regulation properties of the Pr3+-doped BiT ceramics prepared at optimized sintering temperature were investigated in detail. The mechanisms connected to the luminescence, luminescence manipulation, and PC effect were discussed. It is believed that Pr3+-doped BiT materials can be utilized as a kind of ideal optical medium for future information storage device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide has received extensive attention because of its unique properties and potential applications. In this study, magnetic nitrogen‐doped graphene was prepared by one‐step hydrothermal reaction using urea as the dopant and reductant, and ferroferric oxide nanoparticles were in situ deposited on the surface of the nanohybrids. The magnetic nitrogen‐doped graphene was characterized using various physical and chemical methods. It was used as a new adsorbent for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of four nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs from the river water. The parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were optimized in detail. Under optimal conditions, this method provided a wide linear range (5–200 ng/mL). The limits of detection were in the range of 1.07–5.10 ng/mL. The recoveries varied from 81.2 to 121.5% with relative standard deviations of less than 10.8%. Overall, we can conclude that the proposed method offers an efficient pretreatment and enrichment and can be successfully applied for the extraction and determination of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in complex matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal information plays a crucial role in historical research, as it enables scholars to gain insights into the events and processes that have shaped the past. However, the complexity and diversity of temporal descriptions found in Chinese historical texts pose significant challenges for analyzing and interpreting this information. This article addresses these challenges by introducing the traditional Chinese time ontology (TCT Ontology), which integrates relevant concepts and different timing methods into an ontology. The TCT Ontology comprises four classes, including the TCT Record class, Chinese Calendar class, Historical Interval class, and Person class, to represent time descriptions in Chinese texts. By separating time records and the traditional Chinese calendar, the ontology provides a reference model for understanding time information in Chinese historical archives and serves as a basis for converting those time records to the Gregorian calendar. This accurate conversion is critical for humanistic research in Chinese history, as it enables scholars to engage in meaningful reading, studying, and research of the historical record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical properties of semi-solid casting are dependent on multiple processing parameters, and improper processing parameters will not only reduce mean data but also increase variations. The present study investigated the impact of parameters in slurry preparation and heat treatment on the yield strength and ductility of T6 heat-treated A356 Al-Si alloy using rapid slurry forming (RSF) semi-solid casting. The focus was primarily on the robustness of mechanical properties based on Taguchi design method. By analyzing signal-to-noise ratio and minimum value calculated from x̄-3S, the optimum slurry preparation parameters and heat treatment parameters were determined to be no quench, enthalpy exchange material (EEM) temperature of 140 °C, EEM-to-melt ratio of 6mass%, stirring time of 18 s, solution heat treated at 520 °C for 2 h, and ageing heat treated at 190 °C for 6 h. In a small batch validation, the -3S yield strength and -3S elongation reach 256.1 MPa and 5.03% respectively, showing a satisfactory robustness. The hardness and microstructure of heat-treated samples with the best and worst properties were characterized to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms affecting the mean value and variations of mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mumps is an acute respiratory infectious disease with obvious regional and seasonal differences. Exploring the impact of climate factors on the incidence of mumps and predicting its incidence trend on this basis could effectively control the outbreak and epidemic of mumps.Methods: Considering the great differences of climate in the vast territory of China, this study divided the Chinese mainland into seven regions according to the administrative planning criteria, data of Mumps were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, ARIMA model and ARIMAX model with meteorological factors were established to predict the incidence of mumps.Results: In this study, we found that precipitation, air pressure, temperature, and wind speed had an impact on the incidence of mumps in most regions of China and the incidence of mumps in the north and southwest China was more susceptible to climate factors. Considering meteorological factors, the average relative error of ARIMAX model was 10.87%, which was lower than ARIMA model (15.57%).Conclusions: Meteorology factors were the important factors which can affect the incidence of mumps, ARIMAX model with meteorological factors could better simulate and predict the incidence of mumps in China, which has certain reference value for the prevention and control of mumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up-conversion (UC) phosphors with multiple functions are highly desirable for many potentially technological applications which can stimulate the miniaturization and multipurpose of modern devices. In this work, Tm3+- and Yb3+-codoped SrBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (SBT:xTm3+/Yb3+) nanoparticles have been first synthesized by a convenient EDTA-citrate method. The structures and morphologies of SBT:xTm3+/Yb3+ were measured by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared reflectivity spectra and scanning electron microscope. Under 980 nm excitation, SBT:xTm3+/Yb3+ exhibited strong near-infrared (NIR) and weak visible emissions. The UC emissions were unveiled to be tightly related to the Tm3+ concentration and the optimum concentration was determined as x = 0.01. The possible UC mechanism was proposed. Importantly, based on thermo-responsive fluorescence intensity ratio approach, the optical thermometric properties were characterized in the temperature range between 313 and 573 K. The maximum sensitivity of SBT:0.01Er3+/Yb3+ UCNPs was obtained as 7.5 × 10−4 K-1. Besides, excellent repeatability and stability were also realized by the thermal-cycling measurement. Furthermore, prominent photo-thermal (PT) effect was also achieved with a temperature coefficient being 0.81 °C∙mm2/mW. Under periodic laser stimulation, the PT effect of the sample displayed regular response, indicating that the PT effect can be expediently controlled by 980 nm laser. These results indicate that SBT:xTm3+/Yb3+ UCNPs could be potential candidates for temperature sensors and PT agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• La 0.9 Mn 0.8 Ni 0.2 O 3-δ (LMN) developed for C 2 H 6 dehydrogenation to form C 2 H 4 and H 2. • Exsolved Ni particle in reduced LMN enhanced carbon resistance and dehydrogenation. • Increasing Ni surface increased C 2 H 6 conversion and decreased C 2 H 4 /H 2 selectivity. • LMN decomposition by excessive reduction deteriorated activity of dehydrogenation. An A-site deficient and Ni-doped LaMnO 3 perovskite (LMN) is prepared and reduced in 5% H 2 -N 2 at 800 °C for 1 (R-LMN) and 6 (ER-LMN) h for evaluation as catalysts for C 2 H 6 dehydrogenation to co-produce C 2 H 4 and H 2. The 1 h reduction causes the formation of Ni nanoparticles embedded in a perovskite substrate similar to LMN, but the excessive reduction for 6 h causes LMN decomposition to La 2 O 3 , MnO and Ni nanoparticles. The performance of the catalysts increases with increasing temperature. R-LMN demonstrates the highest performance among the catalysts studied, with 41.6% C 2 H 6 conversion and 98.0% C 2 H 4 selectivity at 750 °C; ER-LMN exhibits the lowest catalytic performance because of LMN decomposition. The performance of R-LMN is essentially stable during a 50 h test; and the slow growth of Ni nanoparticles slightly increases C 2 H 6 conversion and decreases C 2 H 4 selectivity due to the increase of the surface area of the Ni nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial effects can significantly perturb the properties of nanocomposites. Modification of filler surfaces can improve filler dispersion and compatibilize the polymer-filler interface, leading to property enhancements relative to composites made with unmodified filler. Here, we have isolated the effect of interactions between matrix polymer and polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNs) from dispersion quality and studied how the interactions affect the properties of polypropylene (PP)/halloysite nanotube hybrids in the absence of entanglements between matrix PP and grafted PP. We prepared PP hybrids with pristine halloysite nanotubes (p-HNT) or PP-grafted halloysite nanotubes (PP-g-HNT) up to 10 wt% filler using melt mixing or solid-state shear pulverization (SSSP). For melt-mixed samples, PGN-type filler yields better property enhancement than pristine filler, consistent with the combination of improved dispersion and polymer-filler interactions. As shown by microscopy and rheology, hybrids prepared by SSSP with p-HNT and PP-g-HNT fillers have very similar, high levels of dispersion, eliminating dispersion quality as a factor in property improvements. In comparison with well-dispersed PP/p-HNT nanocomposites at the same filler level, well-dispersed PP/PP-g-HNT nanocomposites prepared by SSSP exhibit enhanced tensile strength but the same values within error of Young's modulus and elongation at break when there is no entanglement between matrix polymer and grafted chains. Notably, at the same filler level, well-dispersed PP/PP-g-HNT nanocomposites exhibit higher crystallization rate and nucleation efficiency (NE) that is 2.5–4.5 times higher than well-dispersed PP/p-HNT hybrids. The impact of grafted PP chains on NE is so strong that at the same filler level but with worse dispersion, PP/PP-g-HNT hybrids made by melt mixing exhibit NE values 2.1 to 3.4 times higher than well-dispersed PP/p-HNT nanocomposites made by SSSP. Image 1 • PP hybrids with pristine or polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNs) were made by SSSP. • Similar, high levels of dispersion were achieved regardless of filler modification. • Effects of nanofiller-polymer matrix interactions were isolated from dispersion. • Nanocomposites with PGNs exhibit better tensile strength and crystallization rate. • Young's modulus, ductility, and crystallinity are independent of filler modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo has the advantages of a short growth cycle, good mechanical properties, energy savings, and environmental protection. It is regarded as a new building material with great development potential and application prospects. However, current research on the design values of raw bamboo materials is lacking. In this study, the design value of tensile strength of raw bamboo material was determined by a tensile test of the raw bamboo material, and the statistical values of the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the raw bamboo material were obtained. The standard value and resistance uncertainty statistical parameters of the tensile strength of the raw bamboo material were determined. Considering different load combinations and load effect ratios, the relationship between the reliability index and the resistance component coefficient and the optimal resistance partial coefficient under different load combinations were obtained, and the design value of the tensile strength of the raw bamboo material was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Sevoflurane is widely used for general anesthesia in children. Previous studies reported that multiple neonatal exposures to sevoflurane can induce long‐term cognitive impairment in adolescent rats, but the underlying mechanisms were not defined. Methods: Postnatal day 6 (P6) to P8 rat pups were exposed to 30% oxygen with or without 3% sevoflurane balanced with air. The Y maze test (YMT) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed in some cohorts from age P35 to assess cognitive functions, and their brain samples were harvested at age P14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 for measurements of various molecular entities and in vivo electrophysiology experiments at age P35. Results: Sevoflurane exposure resulted in cognitive impairment that was associated with decreased synCAM1 expression in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, a reduction of PV phenotype, disturbed gamma oscillations, and dendritic spine loss in the hippocampal CA3 region. Enriched environment (EE) increased synCAM1 expression in the PV interneurons and attenuated sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment. The synCAM1 overexpression by the adeno‐associated virus vector in the hippocampal CA3 region restored sevoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment, PV phenotype loss, gamma oscillations decrease, and dendritic spine loss. Conclusion: Our data suggested that neonatal sevoflurane exposure results in cognitive impairment through decreased synCAM1 expression in PV interneurons in the hippocampus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Esophageal cancer (EC) poses a persistent threat to the health of non-elderly adults. This study aims to elucidate the temporal trends of EC-related mortality and investigate the impact of various risk factors on such deaths in the age group of 20–59 years, spanning 3 decades. Methods: Data on EC deaths were acquired from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) study. We employed estimated average percentage change (EAPC) and linear mixed-effects (LME) models to analyze mortality trends and pertinent risk factors for EC. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, EC mortality showed a downward trend, and the global number of deaths from EC among non-elderly adults surged by 24.37%. During this period, mortality rates saw an increase in only two regions—the Caribbean and Western Sub-Saharan Africa (EAPCs > 0). For male deaths, smoking and alcohol use emerged as the primary risk factors, while high body mass index (BMI) stood out as the main risk factor for female deaths. Furthermore, the LME model identified male sex, advancing age, alcohol use, smoking, and chewing tobacco as factors associated with an additional rise in EC deaths. Conclusion: EC continues to exert a substantial toll on mortality among young and middle-aged adults globally. Implementing targeted interventions are significant in alleviating the burden of this disease within this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) with rigid open framework is promising for energy storage devices, yet still suffer from inferior conductivity and low energy density. Herein, NiHCF supported on diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) modified graphene (PRGO-NiHCF) was successfully synthesized via a facile co-precipitation method. The size of NiHCF nanoparticals decreased from 50 nm to 20 nm with the introduction of PDDA-induced reduced graphene oxide. The unique structure can not only reversibly accommodate hydrated alkali cations with 3D open-framework, but also facilitate the electrons transportation through the graphene basal plane. Consequently, the as-obtained PRGO-NiHCF exhibits higher specific capacitances of 294 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 compared to pure NiHCF (176 F g−1). Moreover, under the combination of PRGO-NiHCF positive electrode and the interconnected sandwiched graphene carbon (SGC) negative electrode, the as-assembled asymmetric supercapacitor delivers a wide operation potential of 1.8 V and a high energy density of 25.4 Wh kg−1. Highlights • The PRGO-NiHCF possesses many mesopores and small nanoparticals for efficient charge storage. • The specific capacitance of PRGO-NiHCF is 294 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1, higher than that of pure NiHCF (176 F g−1). • The SGC//PRGO-NiHCF asymmetric supercapacitor delivers a high energy density of 25.4 Wh kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To optimize the cycle life and rate performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), ultra‐fine Fe2O3 nanowires with a diameter of approximately 2 nm uniformly anchored on a cross‐linked graphene ribbon network are fabricated. The unique three‐dimensional structure can effectively improve the electrical conductivity and facilitate ion diffusion, especially cross‐plane diffusion. Moreover, Fe2O3 nanowires on graphene ribbons (Fe2O3/GR) are easily accessible for lithium ions compared with the traditional graphene sheets (Fe2O3/GS). In addition, the well‐developed elastic network can not only undergo the drastic volume expansion during repetitive cycling, but also protect the bulk electrode from further pulverization. As a result, the Fe2O3/GR hybrid exhibits high rate and long cycle life Li storage performance (632 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1, and 471 mAh g−1 capacity maintained even after 3000 cycles). Especially at high mass loading (≈4 mg cm−2), the Fe2O3/GR can still deliver higher reversible capacity (223 mAh g−1 even at 2 A g−1) compared with the Fe2O3/GS (37 mAh g−1) for LIBs. Winning ribbon: Graphene ribbon networks can effectively improve electron/ion transfer to enhance the battery performance of hybrids, especially at high mass loading. Ultra‐fine Fe2O3 nanowires uniformly anchored on interconnected graphene ribbon networks are successfully synthesized, and exhibit high rate and long cycle life performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Accurate modelling of particulates build-up process is essential for designing effective stormwater management strategies. However, current modelling practice relies on the classical 'power model' which has limitations in accounting for the variability in the build-up process. This research study investigated the relationships between influential factors of the build-up process and coefficients in the power model. The outcomes showed that the coefficient, which determines the build-up rate, is predominantly influenced by land use factors (pervious area, road area, commercial area and residential area), such that land use factors exerted 23 times more influence than the site characteristics (distance to pervious area and road surface texture depth). The coefficient, which determines how quickly build-up reaches equilibrium, was found to be equally influenced by anthropogenic activities (sweeping frequency and traffic volume) and site characteristics. Further, site characteristics were found to play a major role in generating build-up process variability with three times more influence than that of anthropogenic activities. It was found that the power model satisfactorily replicates the build-up of particles <74 μm. For the build-up of particles >74 μm, a new coefficient, namely, 'coefficient of variability' was introduced in order to improve the prediction performance (up to 17% compared to original power model). The study outcomes provide a deeper understanding into particulates build-up modelling, and can contribute to the formulation of effective stormwater treatment strategies. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Classical power model satisfactorily replicates build-up of fine particles. • A new 'coefficient of variability' better replicates build-up of coarser particles. • Coefficients of build-up rate and build-up curve were defined. • Site characteristics largely influence the variability due to particle behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Highly exposed {0 0 1}-TiO 2 nanosphere was synthesized. • Perfluoroalkyl group was successfully grafted on {0 0 1}-TiO 2 surface. • Modified electrode with well photocatalytic property was obtained through condition optimization. • Preferential degradation of three alkyl phenols was achieved on the modified electrode. • ATR FT-IR experiment was performed to study the specific adsorption. Abstract Preferential degradation of low concentrated contaminants with high toxicity is of great environmental significant. Perfluoroalkyl group was adopted as functional group to construct hydrophobic surface on highly exposed {0 0 1}-TiO 2 for preferential degradation of nonyl phenol. The modified electrode showed superior hydrophobicity with contact angle of more than 160° after optimization of preparation condition. Besides, the modified electrode improved light absorbance ability of visible light, leading to better photocatalytic property. The degradation of NP, OP and HP on the modified {0 0 1}-TiO 2 was obviously more efficient over that unmodified, which was about 1.5 times in the kinetic constant, showing preferential degradation of alkyl phenols on perfluoroalkyl decorated {0 0 1}-TiO 2. Preferential degradation on the modified {0 0 1}-TiO 2 was due to the superior adsorption ability to alkyl phenols. The adsorption capacity to alkyl phenols on the modified electrode was more than 2 times over the that unmodified. The adsorption of alkyl phenols on the hydrophobic electrode was further studied by in-situ infrared. It was found that there was specific hydrophobic interaction between the alkyl group of alkyl phenols and the perfluoroalkyl group modified on photocatalyst surface, which was the reason of alkyl phenols preferential degradation on the hydrophobic photocatalytic interface. The results showed great potential applications in selective wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Due to its chemical stability, excellent reversibility and high pseudocapacitance, polyaniline (PANI) has attracted extensive attention for supercapacitors. However, the poor rate performance of PANI-based materials limits their large-scale application. Here, we report a facile strategy to fabricate PANI nanofibers confined into graphene oxide architecture (PGA50) through the adsorption of aniline onto stacked graphene oxide sheets and consequent in-situ polymerization. Benefited from the synergistic effect of PANI nanofibers and graphene oxide sheets, the sandwiched PGA50 has efficient electron/ion transfer pathways with stable structural framework. As a result, PGA50 electrode shows a high capacitance of 780 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent rate performance (521 F g−1 at 50 A g−1) compared to PANI (323 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 120 F g−1 at 50 A g−1). Significantly, the assembled PGA50//PGA50 supercapacitor achieves a high energy density of 30 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 216 W kg−1. Graphical abstract PANI nanofibers confined into graphene oxide architecture (PGA50) is synthesized through the adsorption of aniline onto stacked GO sheets and in-situ polymerization. Interestingly, the PGA50 shows interconnected GO-PANI structure with stable conducting network and excellent electrical conductivity. As a result, PGA50 electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 780 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 with excellent rate capability (remains 521 F g−1 at 50 A g−1). Image 1 Highlights • The sandwiched PGA50 composited with stacked GO exhibits interconnected structure and stable structural framework. • The PGA50 exhibits high capacitance of 780 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and superior rate performance remains 521 F g−1 at 50 A g−1. • The current density I and scan rate v of PGA50 shows a linear response with fast electrolyte ions transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the mediating roles of communication and marital affect in the association between marital quality and neuroticism. Guided by the social investment theory and the personality-relationship transactions model, we tested the actor-partner interdependence mediation model to examine the associations among the variables. Participants were 268 Chinese newlywed couples who were a maximum of 3 years into their first marriage. The path model indicated that, first, both spouses' marital quality at Time 1 was related with their own neuroticism at Time 3 after controlling for confounding variables. However, after controlling for neuroticism at Time 1, husbands' marital quality was not directly associated with their own neuroticism. Second, for wives, communication and marital affect at Time 2 fully mediated the association between marital quality and neuroticism. Conversely, for husbands, the multiple specific indirect effects were not significant. These findings suggest that communication and marital affect are mediators underlying the association between marital quality and neuroticism. Moreover, the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship effects differ between husbands and wives. The implications and future directions of these results were discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wet impregnation method has been widely adopted to synthesize the oxide substrate supported catalysts for CO 2 dry reforming of CH 4 . However, their particle size and distribution are not stable and uniform, causing rapid particle growth and carbon deposition. Here, we show that these problems can be overcome by using a LaMnO 3 (LM)-based perovskite in which 20 mol% Ni is doped (La 0.9 Mn 0.8 Ni 0.2 O 3 , LMN) and then exsolved (R-LMN) by in-situ reduction in 5%H 2 -N 2 stream at 800 °C. The perfomance of such catalyst is compared with that of the Ni-impregnated LM (NLM) reduced under the same conditions (R-NLM). The SEM and TEM analyses reveal that the exsolved Ni nanoparticles in R-LMN are uniform in size, evenly distributed and partially embedded into and hence bonded strongly with the substrate; but the Ni particles in R-NLM are variable in size and weakly bonded with the substrate. Therefore, the particle growth (coalescence) is largely suppressed for the exsolved Ni nanoparticles in R-LMN but not for the Ni nanoparticles in R-NLM. It is also comfirmed that the Ni particles in R-NLM are lifted off from the substrate by carbon fibers formed during test. Consequently, R-LMN demonstrates high and stable conversion (above 80%) and selectivity (above 90%) with a strong resistance to carbon deposition at 700 °C for 24 h. But, a large amount of carbon fiber is formed with a Ni particle at the tip in tested R-NLM, resulting in rapid performance degradation. The high performance of R-LMN for CO 2 dry reforming of CH 4 is attributed to the stable nanosized Ni particles and LMN substrate that provides more oxygen vacancies for CO 2 activation and in turn carbon oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollen viability depends on dynamic vacuolar changes during pollen development involving increases and decreases of vacuolar volume through water and osmolite accumulation and vacuolar fission. Mutations in FAB1A to FAB1D, the genes encoding phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]-converting kinases, are male gametophyte lethal in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) due to defective vacuolar fission after pollen mitosis I, suggesting a key role of the phospholipid in dynamic vacuolar organization. However, other genetic components that regulate the production of PI(3,5)P2 and its involvement in pollen germination and tube growth are unknown. Here, we identified and characterized Arabidopsis VAC14, a homolog of the yeast and metazoan VAC14s that are crucial for the production of PI(3,5)P2. VAC14 is constitutively expressed and highly present in developing pollen. Loss of function of VAC14 was male gametophyte lethal due to defective pollen development. Ultrastructural studies showed that vacuolar fission after pollen mitosis I was compromised in vac14 mutant microspores, which led to pollen abortion. We further showed that inhibiting the production of PI(3,5)P2 or exogenous application of PI(3,5)P2 mimicked or rescued the pollen developmental defect of the vac14 mutant, respectively. Genetic interference and pharmacological approaches suggested a role of PI(3,5)P2 in pollen germination and tube growth. Our results provide insights into the function of VAC14 and, by inference, that of PI(3,5)P2 in plant cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]