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Image denoising and edge extraction are two main tasks in image processing. In this paper, a game model is proposed to solve the image denoising and edge extraction, which combines an adaptive improved total variation (AdITV) model for image denoising and a global sparse gradient (GSG) model for edge extraction. The AdITV model is a forward-and-backward diffusion model. In fact, forward diffusion is applied to the homogeneous region to denoise, and backward diffusion is applied to the edge region to enhance the edge. A unified explicit discrete scheme is established in this paper to solve the AdITV model, which is compatible to forward diffusion and backward diffusion. The stability of the scheme is proved. On the other hand, GSG is a functional model based on sparse representation, which is robust to extract edges under the influence of noise. AdITV and GSG are chosen as two components of the game model. The alternate iteration method is used to solve the game problem. The convergence of the algorithm is proved and numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors(PDE5i) combined with Shanhaidan granules in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods Total of 213 male patients with the vascular ED who were admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hanzhong University from Jun. 2019 to Jun. 2021 were recruited in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups such as tadalafil group (tadalafil 5 mg each time, once a day orally) and tadalafil+Shanhaidan combination treatment group (10 gram Shanhaidan granules at a time, three times a day orally; tadalafil 5 mg each time, once a day orally). After three months treatment, the clinical efficacy was assessed according to the IIEF-5 and EHS score, the penile cavernous blood flow parameters, the frequency of weekly morning erection and the duration of sexual intercourse. Results There were no significant differences in the IIEF-5 and EHS score, the penile cavernous blood flow parameters, the frequency of weekly morning erection and the duration of sexual intercourse between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After three months treatment, all the indexes of patients in both groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). According to IIEF-5 evaluation, the total effective rates of the two groups were 67.58% and 80.81%, respectively. The total effective rate of the combined treatment group was higher than that of the tadalafil group (P<0.05). Compared with those of the tadalafil group, the IIEF-5 score [(20.87±3.94) vs (18.13±4.02)], the frequency of weekly morning erection [(4.17± 0.65) time vs (3.32±0.61) time] and the duration of sexual intercourse [(6.05± 0.68) min vs (4.72±0.55) min] of the combined treatment group after treatment were all increased more significantly (P<0.05). Additionally, the peak systolic velocity (PSV) value [left side (38.67±9.58) cm/s vs (32.34±8.44) cm/s, right side (39.48±10.82) cm/s vs (34.83±12.86) cm/s] in the combined treatment group was also increased obviously (P<0.05). Conclusion PED5i combined with Shanhaidan granules had a significant therapeutic effect on the vascular ED, which could significantly improve the frequency of weekly morning erection, the erection hardness, the duration of sexual intercourse and the blood flow of the penile cavernous vessels in patients with the vascular ED. PED5i combined with Shanhaidan granules is superior to PED5i alone in the therapeutic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]