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Two-dimensional (2D) KNbO3 is prepared by topotactic transition from 2D KNbO2 at 530 °C in air, which has a single spontaneous polarization (Ps) direction along the [ 10 1 ¯ ] pc zone axis. The strong Ps anisotropy leads to a negligible second harmonic generation of 2D KNbO3 with laser vertically incident on the sample. However, a strong third harmonic generation is observed. The effective third-order susceptibility of 2D KNbO3 with the order of ∼10−19 m2 V−2 is estimated by comparing it with the χ eff (3) of graphene. The robust power tolerance of 2D KNbO3 endows it great potential in the application of high-power third harmonic generation 2D devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell fate is precisely modulated by complex but well-tuned molecular signaling networks, whose spatial and temporal dysregulation commonly leads to hazardous diseases. Biomolecular condensates (BCs), as a newly emerging type of biophysical assemblies, decipher the molecular codes bridging molecular behaviors, signaling axes, and clinical prognosis. Particularly, physical traits of BCs play an important role; however, a panoramic view from this perspective toward clinical practices remains lacking. In this review, we describe the most typical five physical traits of BCs, and comprehensively summarize their roles in molecular signaling axes and corresponding major determinants. Moreover, establishing the recent observed contribution of condensate physics on clinical therapeutics, we illustrate next-generation medical strategies by targeting condensate physics. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for future medical development along with the rapid scientific and technological advances are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peatlands are major natural carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems globally and are essential to a variety of fields, including global ecology, hydrology, and ecosystem services. Under the context of climate change, the management and conservation of peatlands has become a topic of international concern. Nevertheless, few studies have yet systematized the overall international dynamics of existing peatland research. In this study, based on an approach integrating bibliometrics and a literature review, we systematically analyzed peatland research from a literature perspective. Alongside traditional bibliometric analyses (e.g., number of publications, research impact, and hot areas), recent top keywords in peatland research were found, including 'oil palm', 'tropical peatland', 'permafrost', and so on. Furthermore, six hot topics of peatland research were identified: (1) peatland development and the impacts and degradations, (2) the history of peatland development and factors of formation, (3) chemical element contaminants in peatlands, (4) tropical peatlands, (5) peat adsorption and its humic acids, and (6) the influence of peatland conservation on the ecosystem. In addition, this review found that the adverse consequences of peatland degradation in the context of climate change merit greater attention, that peatland-mapping techniques suitable for all regions are lacking, that a unified global assessment of carbon stocks in peatlands urgently needs to be established, spanning all countries, and that a reliable system for assessing peatland-ecosystem services needs to be implemented expeditiously. In this study, we argued that enhanced integration in research will bridge knowledge gaps and facilitate the systematic synthesis of peatlands as complex systems, which is an imperative need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dielectric film capacitors possess a larger dielectric breakdown field than that of their bulk ceramic counterparts, thus showing a better energy density. Herein, a synergistic strategy has been employed to enhance the energy storage density of (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3/SrTiO3 multilayer films through combing the effects of atomic doping, heat treatment, and multilayer stacking. La partially substituting Pb improves relaxor characteristics of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3. A dense amorphous microstructure results in a relatively high breakdown electric field at a low annealing temperature. Additionally, the insertion of dielectric layer SrTiO3 into (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 suppresses the carriers transport due to the interface role and further improves the insulating strength and breakdown strength. Thus, a high recoverable energy density of 67.1 J/cm3 is achieved at an ultrahigh breakdown electric field of 7.45 MV/cm. Such a synergistic multiscale approach in this work is universally effective to improve the energy storage performance of dielectric multilayer films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]