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6. Effect of acetylcholine receptors on the pain-related electrical activities in the hippocampal CA3 region of morphine-addicted rats

Author

Li, Guan Zeng, Liu, Zhe Hui, Wei, XinYa, Zhao, Pan, Yang, Chun Xiao, and Xu, Man Ying

Subjects
nervous system, Morphine addiction, lcsh:R, Pain, lcsh:Medicine, Original Article, Muscarinergic Acetylcholine receptors, Hippocampal CA3
Abstract

Objective(s): To determine the effect of acetylcholine (ACh), pilocarpine, and atropine on pain evoked responses of pain excited neurons (PEN) and pain inhibited neurons (PIN) in hippocampal CA3 region of morphine addicted rats. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar rats, weighing between 230-260 g were used in this study. Morphine addicted rats were generated by subcutaneous injection of increasing concentrations of morphine hydrochloride for six days. Trains of electrical impulses applied to the sciatic nerve were used as noxious stimulation and the evoked electrical activities of PEN or PIN in hippocampal CA3 area were recorded using extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques in hippocampal slices. The effect of acetylcholine receptor stimulation by ACh, the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine, and the muscarinic antagonist atropine on the pain evoked responses of pain related electrical activities was analyzed in hippocampal CA3 area of morphine addicted rats. Results: Intra-CA3 microinjection of ACh (2 μg/1 μl) or pilocarpine (2 μg/1 μl) decreased the discharge frequency and prolonged the firing latency of PEN, but increased the discharge frequency and shortened the firing inhibitory duration (ID) of PIN. The intra-CA3 administration of atropine (0.5 μg/1 μl) produced opposite effect. The peak activity of cholinergic modulators was 2 to 4 min later in morphine addicted rats compared to peak activity previously observed in normal rats. Conclusion: ACh dependent modulation of noxious stimulation exists in hippocampal CA3 area of morphine addicted rats. Morphine treatment may shift the sensitivity of pain related neurons towards a delayed response to muscarinergic neurotransmission in hippocampal CA3 region.

Published
2015

9. One‐Step Synthesis of Vacancy‐Rich MnO2−x/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Film for High Electrochemical Performance.

Author

Peng, Ruichao, Wang, Haonan, Wei, Xinya, Wu, Zaikun, Yu, Ping, and Luo, Yunbai

Subjects
GRAPHENE oxide, ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis, SUPERCAPACITORS, LITHIUM-ion batteries, POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
Abstract

High electrochemical performance is important to achieve practical application of energy storage devices. It has been found recently that it is hard to achieve high capacity and high stability simultaneously using a single electrode material. Thus, constructing composite electrode materials which can combine the advantages of different materials together is an efficient approach to improve the electrochemical properties. In this work, we have built a vacancy‐rich MnO2−x/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite film through a facile one‐step route. In the synthesis process, GO nanosheets were reduced into rGO to improve the electronic conductivity, while Mn2+ was oxidized to MnO2 with vacancies. The obtained vacancy‐rich MnO2−x/rGO composite showed a superior electrochemical performance: The specific capacitance reached 675.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g and the material demonstrated high capacitance retention (96.1 % after 10000 cycles). Besides, the symmetric electrochemical capacitor based on the vacancy‐rich MnO2−x/rGO composite electrode can achieve a high energy density (8.42 mWh/cm3) and power density (3.78 W/cm3) as well as excellent stability. One‐pot recipe: A one‐step synthesis method to prepare a vacancy‐rich MnO2−x/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite film was proposed. This vacancy‐rich MnO2−x/rGO film exhibited good mechanical properties and excellent electrochemical capacitance as well as cycling stability in Na2SO4 solution. In addition, a symmetric electrochemical capacitor based on the vacancy‐rich MnO2−x/rGO composite film electrode can achieve a high energy density and power density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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