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Using 328 papers published in SSCI (Social Science Citation Index) journals from the Web of Science between 2009 and 2018, this study analyzed corpus' influences in EAP (English for Academic Purposes) research with mapping knowledge domains CiteSpace. This study found that the relationship between international EAP studies and corpus tends to increasingly tight in the past ten years. Corpus in EAP study mainly acts as the methodology that EAP is studied by means of self-building or existing corpora using retrieval software together with statistical analysis method. International scholars pay more attention to writing teaching, academic literacy and discourse/discourse analysis in EAP study, and the co-cited references mostly tend to the genres study of EAP.

Insects use seasonal diapause as an alternative strategy to endure adverse seasons. This developmental trajectory is induced by environmental cues like short‐day lengths in late summer and early fall, but how insects measure day length is unknown. The circadian clock has been implicated in regulating photoperiodic or seasonal responses in many insects, including the Northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, which enters adult diapause. To investigate the potential control of diapause by circadian control, we employed ChIP‐sequencing to identify the downstream targets of a circadian transcription factor, PAR domain protein 1 (PDP1), that contribute to the hallmark features of diapause. We identified the nearest genes in a 10 kb region of the anticipated PDP1 binding sites, listed prospective targets and searched for PDP1‐specific binding sites. By examining the functional relevance to diapause‐specific behaviours and modifications such as metabolic pathways, lifespan extension, cell cycle regulation and stress tolerance, eight genes were selected as targets and validated using ChIP‐qPCR. In addition, qRT‐PCR demonstrated that the mRNA abundance of PDP1 targets increased in the heads of diapausing females during the middle of the scotophase (ZT17) compared with the early photophase (ZT1), in agreement with the peak and trough of PDP1 abundance. Thus, our investigation uncovered the mechanism by which PDP1 might generate a diapause phenotype in insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the developmental research, studies on the importance of fathers in the parent–child relationship is insufficient, especially the father-daughter relationship. Thus far, a few studies have investigated whether father presence influences adolescent daughters' resilience. Therefore, this study investigated the extent to which intermediary factors affect the relationship between father presence and daughters' resilience. A total of 718 Chinese female high school students participated in a questionnaire survey. The results showed father presence was positively related to resilience in female high school students. Additionally, psychological security fully mediated the relationship between father presence and daughters' resilience, whereas achievement goal orientation partially mediated this relationship; specifically, the mastery-approach and performance-approach orientations. The results highlight the importance of considering the meaning and implications of father presence and daughter's resilience in Chinese culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culex pipiens, the northern house mosquito, is a major vector of West Nile virus. To survive the severe winter, adult mosquitoes enter a diapause programme. Extended lifespan and an increase in lipid storage are key indicators of diapause. Post‐translational modifications to histone proteins impact the expression of genes and have been linked to the lifespan and energy utilisation of numerous insects. Here, we investigated the potential contribution of epigenetic alterations in initiating diapause in this mosquito species. Multiple sequence alignment of H3 sequences from other insect species demonstrates a high conservation of the H3 histone in Cx. pipiens throughout evolution. We then compared the levels of histone methylation in the ovaries and fat body tissues of diapausing and non‐diapausing Cx. pipiens using western blots. Our data indicate that histone methylation levels in the ovaries of Cx. pipiens do not change during diapause. In contrast, H3K27me2 levels decrease more than twofold in the fat body of diapausing mosquitoes relative to non‐diapausing counterparts. H3K27 methylation plays a crucial role in chromosome activation and inactivation during development in many insect species. This is predominantly governed by polycomb repressor complex 2. Intriguingly, a previous ChIP‐seq study demonstrated that the transcription factor FOXO (Forkhead box O) targets the genes that comprise this complex. In addition, H3K27me2 exhibits dynamic abundance throughout the diapause programme in Cx. pipiens, suggesting its potential role in the initial activation of the diapause programme. This study expands our understanding of the relationship between alterations in epigenetic regulation and diapause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) is a widely used androgen for all-male fish production in aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MT-induced masculinization remains unclear. In this study, we aim to identify the key gene responsible for MT-induced masculinization using the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) amhy, dmrt1, and gsdf mutants, which exhibit male-to-female sex reversal. Nile tilapia fry from these three mutant lines were treated with 50 μg/g MT from 5 to 30 days after hatching (dah). The results showed that amhy and gsdf mutants, but not dmrt1 mutants, were masculinized by the MT treatment. Gonadal transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in steroidogenesis and germ cell development in MT-treated dmrt1 mutants exhibited a similar expression pattern to that of the wild type (WT) XX. In addition, the dmrt1 mutants cannot be masculinized by co-treatment with MT and the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole. The MT treatment completely blocked early steroidogenic enzyme (Star2, Cyp17a2, and Cyp19a1a) expression independent of amhy, gsdf, and dmrt1. A luciferase analysis showed that MT directly suppressed basal and Sf-1-activated cyp19a1a promoter activity through ara and arb in cultured HEK293 cells. Furthermore, MT treatment inhibited germ cell proliferation in amhy and gsdf mutants but not in dmrt1 mutants. Consistently, dmrt1 expression was induced in MT-treated WT XX, -amhy, and -gsdf mutants. Taken together, these results suggest that dmrt1 is indispensable for MT-induced masculinization in Nile tilapia and that MT functions by inhibiting early steroid synthesis and activating dmrt1 to promote testis development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of whole-course nutrition support on nutritional status of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods We randomly divided 96 locally advanced NPC patients into the experimental group (whole-course nutrition support combined concurrent chemoradiotherapy, n=45) and the control group (only concurrent chemoradiotherapy, n=45). PG-SGA questionnaire, the anthropometry measurements, hematological indexes and acute radiology reactions were used to observe the nutritional status of NPC patients and analyzed the effect of whole-course nutrition support on nutritional status. Results PA and Hb of control group were significantly declined and Hb was significantly lower than that of the experimental group at the 2nd week of radiotherapy. At the 4th week of radiotherapy, the weight of control group were significantly lower than that before radiotherapy, and the weight, BMI, TP, ALB and PA of the experimental group were higher than those in control group. PG-SGA score and the incidence of severe malnutrition of control group were significantly higher than those of the experimental group at the end of radiotherapy. The grading of myelosuppression, oral mucositis and dysphagia of control group were significantly higher than those of the experimental group during radiotherapy. Conclusion Whole-course nutrition support can significantly retard the weight loss and the sustained decline in hematological indexes, reduce the acute radiation reactions, and then effectively improve the nutritional status and reduce the incidence of severe malnutrition of locally advanced NPC patients.

Objective To analyze nutritional status and influencing factors of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) during chemoradiotherapy. Methods We reviewed retrospectively the clinical data of 140 NPC patients. PG-SGA questionnaire, the anthropometry measurements, hematological indexes, side-effects of chemoradiotherapy and quality of life were used to evaluate nutritional status of NPC patients. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the main influence factors for malnutrition of NPC patients. Results During chemoradiotherapy, 80.7% of the NPC patients had severe malnutrition, 95.0% lost weight, 39.3% lost weight more than 10%. Prealbumin declined significantly at the 2nd week of radiotherapy, and the rate of anemia was 54.3% at the end of radiotherapy. The score of overall QOL was only 38.9 at the end of radiotherapy. Clinical stages, weight loss during chemoradiotherapy, prealbumin, anemia, oral mucositis, overall QOL and economic status were influence factors for malnutrition of NPC patients (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of malnutrition is high in NPC patients during chemoradiotherapy. Clinical stages, weight loss during chemoradiotherapy, anemia, oral mucositis and financial difficulty are the independent risk factors for the malnutrition of NPC patients. Prealbumin and overall QOL are the independent protective factors for the malnutrition of NPC patients.

Targeting ferroptosis has attracted exponential attention to eradicate cancer cells with high iron‐dependent growth. Increasing the level of intracellular labile iron pool via small molecules and iron‐containing nanomaterials is an effective approach to induce ferroptosis but often faces insufficient efficacy due to the fast drug metabolism and toxicity issues on normal tissues. Therefore, developing a long‐acting and selective approach to regulate ferroptosis is highly demanded in cancer treatment. Herein, a lysosome‐targeted magnetic nanotorquer (T7‐MNT) is proposed as the mechanical tool to dynamically induce the endogenous Fe2+ pool outbreak for ferroptosis of breast cancer. T7‐MNTs target lysosomes via the transferrin receptor‐mediated endocytosis in breast cancer cells. Under the programmed rotating magnetic field, T7‐MNTs generate torques to trigger endogenous Fe2+ release by disrupting the lysosomal membrane. This magneto‐mechanical manipulation can induce oxidative damage and antioxidant defense imbalance to boost frequency‐ and time‐dependent lipid peroxidization. Importantly, in vivo studies show that T7‐MNTs can efficiently trigger ferroptosis under the magnetic field and play as a long‐acting physical inducer to boost ferrotherapy efficacy in combination with RSL3. It is anticipated that this dynamic targeted strategy can be coupled with current ferroptosis inducers to achieve enhanced efficacy and inspire the design of mechanical‐based ferroptosis inducers for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between father presence and the resilience of adolescents, and whether failure learning mediates this association. Specifically, we obtained in-depth details on the relation between father presence and adolescents' resilience by examining the mediating effects of four subfactors of failure learning: failure cognition, reflection and analysis, experience transformation, and prudent attempt. For this purpose, we used the questionnaire to access Chinese middle school students' father presence, resilience, and failure learning. In total, six hundred and twenty-six valid questionnaires were collected. The results were as follows: (1) there was a significant positive correlation between father presence, failure learning, and resilience; (2) failure learning played a mediating role between father presence and adolescents' resilience; (3) the mediating effect of experience transformation and prudent attempt (two subfactors of failure learning) between father presence and adolescents' resilience was significant, while the mediating effect of failure cognition and reflective analysis (the other two subfactors of failure learning) was insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]