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Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in intensive care units. Despite newer antimicrobial and supportive therapies, specific treatments are still lacking. Neutrophils are pivotal components of the effector phase of the host immune defense against pathogens and play a crucial role in the control of infections under normal circumstances. In addition to its anti-infective effects, the dysregulation and overactivation of neutrophils may lead to severe inflammation or tissue damage and are potential mechanisms for poor prognosis in sepsis. This review focuses on recent advancements in the understanding of the functional status of neutrophils across various pathological stages of sepsis to explore the mechanisms by which neutrophils participate in sepsis progression and provide insights for the treatment of sepsis by targeting neutrophils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea water and cliff pattern originated in the Ming dynasty, and continued as a stylized decorative style on the Qing dynasty dragon robe. The products with sea water add cliff pattern as the creation theme have attracted wide attention in the modern design market. In order to promote traditional Chinese patterns to better integrate into the development trend for modern clothing and stimulate the vitality of traditional patterns, the seawater cliff patterns in Qing dynasty dragon robes were taken as the research object. The historical background and cultural implications of the patterns were first briefly described in this paper, and then the changes in shape, quantity and location of the patterns of standing water, plain water, auspicious clouds and mountain cliff patterns were studied. The modeling characteristics of sea water and cliff patterns in the early, middle and late Qing dynasty were analyzed, and the color combination rules of each period was summarized. Finally, the extraction of relevant elements of pattern and the induction and innovation of color matching was adopted to carry out the innovative application design of sea water and cliff patterns in modern clothing. The results show that the sea water and cliff pattern is mainly composed of mountain cliff pattern and sea water pattern, which symbolizes the ruler's desire for power and the vision of unifying the world. Its area in the dragon robes gradually expands with the change of times, and the color purity and brightness gradually improve. Through the study of this pattern in design thinking, the sea water and cliff pattern is applied to women's clothing, with the pattern modeling as the silhouette element of clothing and the traditional blue and white tone as the core color, the design effect of modern women's clothing is constructed, and the sea water and cliff pattern of the Qing dynasty is endowed with new vitality, so as to achieve the goal of better inheritance and development of traditional Chinese patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Emergence delirium is a common postoperative neurological complication in children after general anesthesia. There is no valid tool to predict emergence delirium. Wavelet index, pain threshold index, anxiety index, and comfort index are real‐time brain status parameters extracted from the electroencephalogram, which have recently been developed. The aim is to evaluate the association between real‐time brain status parameters during emergence and emergence delirium in children undergoing general anesthesia. Methods: One hundred and thirty patients between 3 and 6 years of age undergoing dental surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Real‐time electroencephalogram data were recorded at four different time points from end of anesthetics administration (T1), end of surgery (T2), extubation (T3), and response (eye opening, movement) to verbal stimulation (T4). Each patient was assessed for emergence delirium using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Receiver operating characteristics curves and the associated areas under the curves were computed to analyze the ability of wavelet index, pain threshold index, anxiety index, and comfort index to predict emergence delirium. Results: One hundred and sixteen patients were included for final analysis. During recovery from general anesthesia, brain status parameters increased significantly from T1 (wavelet index, 59.5 ± 6.2; pain threshold index, 61.7 ± 5.3; anxiety index, 9.2 ± 2.5; comfort index, 21.6 ± 8.7) to T4 (wavelet index, 67.4 ± 9.4; pain threshold index, 73.2 ± 9.1; anxiety index, 38.6 ± 11.2; comfort index, 66.1 ± 16.5; p <.001). To predict emergence delirium, areas under the curves [95% CI] for anxiety index were 0.84 [0.75–0.93] (p <.001), and comfort index was 0.89 [0.81–0.96] (p <.001). The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale scores of 37 patients were higher than 10 indicating emergence delirium, and the incidence of emergence delirium was 31.90%. The sensitivity and specificity of anxiety index with corresponding cutoff values in predicting emergence delirium were 73.0% and 89.9%, and the sensitivity and specificity of comfort index in predicting emergence delirium were 91.9% and 83.5%. The best cutoff values for anxiety index and comfort index to predict emergence delirium were 46.5 and 68.5, respectively. The areas under the curves [95% CI] of wavelet index to predict emergence delirium were 0.43 [0.31–0.35] (p =.27), while the areas under the curves [95% CI] of pain threshold index to predict emergence delirium were 0.49 [0.37–0.62] (p =.73). Discussion: Both anxiety index and comfort index derived from electroencephalogram wavelet analysis were associated with emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia for dental surgery. Wavelet index and pain threshold index were not associated with emergence delirium during general anesthesia for dental surgery in children. Conclusions: AnXi and CFi might be used to guide anesthesiologists to identify and intervene ED in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]