Search

Most cases of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) involve small tumors. Although a few guidelines recommend mastectomy, several patients prefer repeat BCS (re-BCS). This study aimed to compare re-BCS and mastectomy in terms of prognosis in patients with IBTR and to identify candidates for re-BCS.The data of patients with small IBTR between 1999 and 2015 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models and propensity score matching were applied.Of the 3648 patients with IBTR, 2831 (77.6%) underwent mastectomy and 817 (22.4%) underwent re-BCS. The multivariate Cox model showed that re-BCS was associated with a worse OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.342; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.084-1.663) and BCSS (HR, 1.454; 95% CI, 1.004-2.105) compared with mastectomy. The omission of radiation after re-BCS was associated with worse survival overall and especially in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative IBTR (HR, 1.384; 95% CI, 1.110-1.724; and HR, 1.577; 95% CI, 1.075-2.314, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed in the OS and BCSS between re-BCS with radiation and mastectomy. Subgroup analysis indicated that the surgical approach was not an independent factor for survival in the ER-positive patients with IBTR.Re-BCS should be considered with caution in patients with small IBTR. However, a positive ER status can be an important factor for choosing re-BCS, and radiation therapy may improve oncological safety after re-BCS.Repeat breast-conserving surgery (re-BCS) was investigated to determine if it is safe for patients with small ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). This population-based cohort study included 2831 patients with small IBTR. Re-BCS was associated with a worse overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival compared with mastectomy. Further analysis found that the IBTR estrogen receptor status was an important basis for choosing re-BCS, and radiation may improve oncological safety after re-BCS.

Trichosanthin (root of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.) has received much attention, but T. kirilowii has received little systematic analysis. A comprehensive evaluation of flavones and triterpenes in nine different parts of T. kirilowii would, thus, be of value to fully understand the potential medicinal properties of T. kirilowii. A hierarchical extraction—simultaneous determination method was established, which based on different types of components had different response on the MS detector. The hierarchical extraction method extracted 3, 29-dibenzoyl rarounitriol solely, which response lowly on the MS detector in the mixture of one step extract, in order to obtain accurate results in the next UHPLC-MS/MS assay. By this method, ten flavones, three tetracyclic triterpenoids, and one pentacyclic triterpenoid in the extracts of T. kirilowii were determined. The results showed the level of flavonoids in leaves was higher than those in the other samples, tetracyclic triterpenoids mainly existed in root and root bark, and pentacyclic triterpenoid, especially 3, 29-dibenzoyl rarounitriol was concentrated in the seed kernel. According to principal component analysis, the F values of the leaves of all varieties were generally greater than those in other parts. The leaves might provide a supplementary source of flavonoids, and the root and root bark could be a good choice for tetracyclic triterpenoids. The analysis results revealed the distribution of flavones and triterpenes in different parts of T. kirilowii and provided reference for the research and rational utilization of T. kirilowii.

In this study, curled gelatin nanofiber was successfully electrospun from aqueous solution by elevating the spinning temperature. The effect of relative humidity was investigated on the morphology of gelatin nanofibers in the current study. It was observed that with the increase of relative humidity during electrospinning process, the proportion of the curled gelatin nanofiber increases. Futhermore, the curled gelatin nanofiber converted into helical structure when electrospun at relative humidity higher than 50%.

An attempt was made to replace the commonly used Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) with aluminium alloy in NSM technique. This paper presents experimental investigation of interfacial bond behavior between NSM aluminium laminates and concrete structures. Aluminum laminates were mounted into premade slit of concrete with epoxy resin. Test results show that both maximum applied force and ductility of NSM reinforced specimens can be effectively improved by increasing bond length and width of aluminium laminates, whilst almost no change was found in average bond strength at the same time. Besides, the loaded end slip of specimen, corresponding to the maximum applied force, was mutually influenced by bond length and width of aluminium laminates. Furthermore, the measured strain distribution of aluminium laminates along the direction of bond length of specimen was found to be similar to that of FRP in NSM technique.

This paper presents an experimental study on the bond performance of aluminum alloy plate-to-concrete interface via a series of simple shear test. The parameters examined include the bond length and width of the aluminum alloy plates. Two types of failure modes were observed through the experimental program. The test results demonstrate the bond strength of the aluminum plate-to-concrete interface depends strongly on the coupling effect of bond length and width. The variation of the aluminum strain distribution along the bond length against the applied load clearly illustrates the existence of an effective bond length. The load-slip curves show that the bond width has more sensitive effect to the bond strength.

A magnetic-controlled detection system, with a rectangular solenoid coil in a waveguide test fixture, is proposed for radar absorbing coatings. By applying Ku-band rectangular waveguide, the field patterns at different positions, the reflection coefficientS11and its variation of several coating samples are simulated and measured under current loaded from 0 to 1.0 A. The results show that this detection system is repeatable and stable, and also reliable with the error of less than 10%.

The effects of Cemfiber on the workability, mechanical properties, resistance to chemical corrosion and drying shrinkage of High-Performance Concrete (HPC) have been studied systematically. The results show that: (1) the effects of Cemfiber on the workability of HPC are related to parameter of mix proportion. Generally speaking, Cemfiber does not reduce the workability of HPC; (2) the effect of Cemfiber on the compressive strength and flexural strength is very small; (3) the HPC incorporated with Cemfiber has high resistance to corrosion of hydrochloric acid; (4) Cemfiber may reduce drying shrinkage of HPC significantly; (5) Cemfiber may increase cracking resistance of HPC resulting from drying shrinkage.

Polypropylene fiber is a new measure to prevent plastic cracks of concrete. Effects of the parameters, such as dosage and types of fibers, on the plastic cracks were studied systematically. The properties of cracking resistance of mortar, ordinary concrete and high performance concrete were investigated by using samples of two types in shape. The results show that: (1) polypropylene fibers may increase the cracking resistance of concrete further; (2) as smaller quantity of cement and higher quantity of aggregate as possible should be used to prevent concrete form cracking; (3) the main reason why polypropylene fibers increase cracking resistance of concrete is that they increase strain capacity of concrete at early age, decrease shrinkage strain, improve plastic tensile strength and decrease tensile stress of the capillary.

The ASTM C1202 method is observed that the total electric charge passed is not an ideal indicator for classification of concrete quality when different binders are considered. Considering the drawback of the ASTM 1202 method, a simple modification to the ASTM C1202 method is recommended. The modification involves an additional test using curing water as electrolyze solution. The difference in the total charge passed obtained between standard test and test performed in curing water is suggested as an indicator for concrete quality. The test results show that there exists a good correlation between the ACSIRO and the ASTM C1202 methods. The relationship can be formulated as a linear function.

To investigate the detrimental effects of hemorrhagic shock on the structure and function of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) encoding cytochrome oxidase genes in intestinal epithelial cells.Wistar rats were used and divided into two groups: hemorrhagic shock group and control group. Hemorrhagic shock model of rats was utilized in this experiment. The mtDNA was extracted from the intestinal epithelial cells and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with different primers of cytochrome oxidase (COX I, COX II and COX III). The products of PCR were directly sequenced.Hemorrhagic shock could result in the point mutagenesis in mitochondrial genome encoding cytochrome oxidase (COX I and COX II). There were 4, 4, 22, 16, 35 point mutations in COX I from 5545 to 6838 bp in 5 shocked rats. There were five point mutations in COX II from 7191 to 7542 bp at the site of t7191c, t7212c, a7386g, a7483g, c7542g in 1 shocked rat. There was no mutation found in COX III.Hemorrhagic shock could significantly induce the damage of the gene of cytochrome oxidase encoded by mtDNA.