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The inoculation of antibiotic-degrading bacteria into manure could promote the removal of antibiotics during composting. However, knowledge on the impact of inoculating these antibiotic-degrading bacteria on the composting process and indigenous microbial community succession is still limited. This study assessed the antibiotic removal efficiency in pig manure after inoculating a microbial inoculum with antibiotic-degrading bacteria as the key component. The effect of inoculating this microbial inoculum on the physicochemical dynamics and the succession of the manure bacterial community during composting was also analyzed. The results showed that the antibiotic degradation in pig manure reached 81.95% after inoculating the microbial inoculum. When compared with that in the control, the total concentration of antibiotic residues in manure with the microbial agent inoculated was decreased by 42.18%. During composting, inoculating the microbial inoculum accelerated the temperature rise of compost, favored water loss, and alleviated the release of NH

We investigate the quantum entanglement in a non-Hermitian kicking system. In the Hermitian case, the out-of-time ordered correlators (OTOCs) exhibit the unbounded power-law increase with time. Correspondingly, the linear entropy, which is a common measurement of entanglement, rapidly increases from zero to almost unity, indicating the formation of quantum entanglement. For strong enough non-Hermitian driving, both the OTOCs and linear entropy rapidly saturate as time evolves. Interestingly, with the increase of non-Hermitian kicking strength, the long-time averaged value of both OTOCs and linear entropy has the same transition point where they exhibit the sharp decrease from a plateau, demonstrating the disentanglment. We reveal the mechanism of disentanglement with the extension of Floquet theory to non-Hermitian systems.

Background Earlier studies suggest that probiotics have protective effects in the prevention of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Whether such benefits apply to RTIs of viral origin and mechanisms supporting the effect remain unclear. Aim To determine the role of gut microbiota modulation on clinical and laboratory outcomes of viral RTIs. Methods We conducted a systematic review of articles published in Embase and MEDLINE through 20 April 2020 to identify studies reporting the effect of gut microbiota modulation on viral RTIs in clinical studies and animal models. The incidence of viral RTIs, clinical manifestations, viral load and immunological outcomes was evaluated. Results We included 58 studies (9 randomized controlled trials; 49 animal studies). Six of eight clinical trials consisting of 726 patients showed that probiotics administration was associated with a reduced risk of viral RTIs. Most commonly used probiotics were Lactobacillus followed by Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus. In animal models, treatment with probiotics before viral challenge had beneficial effects against influenza virus infection by improving infection-induced survival (20/22 studies), mitigating symptoms (21/21 studies) and decreasing viral load (23/25 studies). Probiotics and commensal gut microbiota exerted their beneficial effects through strengthening host immunity. Conclusion Modulation of gut microbiota represents a promising approach against viral RTIs via host innate and adaptive immunity regulation. Further research should focus on next generation probiotics specific to viral types in prevention and treatment of emerging viral RTIs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02519-x.

In this paper, aiming at a high miss deadline ratio in the large-scale task scheduling of heterogeneous parallel computing environment, the Arrived-Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time (A-HEFT) algorithm based on the valid main path was proposed. This algorithm not only ensures all subtasks effectively processed within the time limit, but performs better in scheduling random arrival Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and the resource utilization among them during the execution period. Firstly, we proposed a new model of tasks produced by the same data source with a certain order based on the traditional model of DAG. Then, change the calculation of the upward rank of tasks in Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time (HEFT) according to the task attribute of DAG, and get the execution priority from upward rank of sub-tasks. Finally, execute stretching scheduling based on idle time on the main path. Compared with Limited Preemptive Earliest Deadline First (LPEDF) algorithm and HEFT algorithm, the results of our work shows that A-HEFT algorithm performs better in processor utilization and success rate of task scheduling in heterogeneous system scheduling.

Folium Eriobotryae effective fraction (FEA), the extract of Folium Eriobotryae, had been used as anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hyperlipemia medicine in China. A previous study indicated that euscaphic acid, maslinic acid, corosolic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, the five structurally similar triterpene acids (containing two groups of structural isomers), are the major components of FEA. In the present study, we developed a specific and reliable LC-MS method for simultaneous determination of the five triterpene acids in rat plasma, and further investigated their pharmacokinetic properties after oral administration of FEA. Following a simple sample preparation, chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with a mobile phase composed of methanol-0.1% ammonium acetate (80:20, v/v). Quantification was achieved by monitoring the selected ions at m/z 487.6 for euscaphic acid, m/z 471.5 for maslinic acid and corosolic acid, m/z 455.5 for oleanolic acid and ursolic acid and m/z 469.5 for internal standard. The method was validated to be specific, accurate and precise over the concentration ranges of 10-3000 ng/mL with limits of detections of 5 ng/mL for the five triterpene acids. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of the five structurally similar triterpene acids in rats after oral administration of FEA.

Loquat leaf extract (LLE) is commonly used in China for a variety of ailments including diabetes. Several recent reports implicate LLE and a sesquiterpene glycoside, one of its components, as being an anti-hyperglycemic agent. However, the underlying mechanism of action of this anti-hyperglycemic agent has not been reported. We have conducted a tracer-based metabolomics study to investigate the effects of sesquiterpene and loquat extract on the balance of flux of central glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells and to compare with those of “insulin sensitizers”, metformin and rosiglitazone. Human hepatoma HepG2 cells in confluence culture were incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 50% [1, 2 13C2]-glucose in the presence of rosiglitazone, metformin, LLE or pure sesquiterpene. Cells were harvested in 48 h. Mass isotopomers of metabolites (glycogen, ribose, deoxyribose, glutamate and palmitate) were determined. 13C labeling in metabolic intermediates were summarized in a mass isotopomer matrix. Treatment with loquat extract/sesquiterpene, metformin and rosiglitazone each produced distinctive mass isotopomer patterns reflecting disparate effects on the contribution of glucose to various metabolites production, and on several metabolic flux ratios. The overall effect of LLE and sesquiterpene on glucose metabolism is clearly different from those of the known “insulin sensitizers”. Our study demonstrates the utility of isotopomer matrix in summarizing metabolic actions of LLE on the balance of fluxes occurring within the central glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells. 13C carbon tracing (tracer-based metabolomics) is a useful systems biology tool to elucidate glucose metabolic pathways affected by diabetes and its treatment.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important index of water environmental monitoring, to which accurate and rapid determination is of great significance. The automatic DO measurement device, which was launched by Core Company, is able to fast and batch determinate dissolved oxygen in water. Based on this advantage, this study further evaluated the performance of the dissolved oxygen meter as well as analyzed the precision and accuracy of dissolved oxygen determination in different water bodies using mathematical statistics method. The results show that the automatic DO measurement device completely meets the requirements of the national DO automatic analyzer. The instrumental measurement results show high precision and accuracy in different water bodies in addition to the industrial waste water and they keep in line with the traditional iodometry determination results. Experiments of parallel determination of pure water of saturation dissolved oxygen make clear that the determination values of the four electrodes of the apparatus have no significant difference.

The antidiabetic activities of the extracts with different solvents and methods from Limonium bicolor Kuntze were investigated. It was found that all the extracts with ethanol, petroleum ether, EtOAc, n-BuOH and H2O from the underground part of the plant possessed the α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity, and the fractions from the 80% ethanol extracts possessed strong activity. The extracts eluted with water from the 80% ethanol crude extract of the aerial part of the plant were inactive to α-Glucosidase inhibition, the other extracts from the aerial part all give potent α-Glucosidase inhibition activity.

The volitile oil was extracted with n-hexane and analyzed with GC-MS from the leaf, bark and heartwood of grafted Liquidambar orientalis Mill., and 22, 16, 18 compounds were identified respectively, of which γ-sitosterol was found in leaf, bark and heartwood, and 1-methoxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl) was found in leaf and bark. Vitamin E was enriched in bark while dibutyl phthalate was abundant in heartwood.

The mandatory classification of household waste forms the foundation and prerequisite for the waste recycle and reuse. This paper takes Xiamen’s local rule on the municipal household waste as a positivistic case, analyzes the results of the provision stipulating the mandatory obligation of household waste classification and the causes, and proposes relevant advices to improve the situation.

The beach plum, Prunus maritima Marsh is native to the sandy North Atlantic coast, from Newfoundland to North Carolina. It can grow well without irrigation, even on low-nutrient sandy soils, saline land, old-field and coastal beach where many other plants cannot survive. It is fine rootstock to improve stress tolerance of cion. The fruits of beach plum can be made into delicious jams, jellies and wine. This paper is aimed to introduce beach plum to people, and hope it can become an important multipurpose crop in Chinese coastal beach in the future.

The content and composition of fatty acids in the seed oil from 4 blackberry varieties were compared in this paper to provide further guidelines for use of blackberry seeds. Blackberry seed oil contains rich α-linolenic and linoleic acid making it an excellent dietary source of 18:3n-3 and essential fatty acids. The oil is a good dietary source of natural antioxidants for health promotion and disease prevention. The presence of n-3 fatty acid and antioxidants also suggests potential value-added utilization of blackberry seeds for preparing functional foods or supplemental products.

A simple, green and efficient solventless procedure for the synthesis of eleven dihydropyrano[3,2-b]chromenediones from the three-component condensation reaction of kojic acid, aromatic aldehydes, and dimedone using a reusable alum as catalyst is described. Neste trabalho é descrito um procedimento livre de solventes, limpo, simples e eficiente para a síntese de diidropirano[3,2-b]cromenodionas (onze derivados) a partir da reação de condensação de três componentes de ácido kójico, aldeídos aromáticos e dimedona, utilizando alume como catalisador reutilizável.

In order to understand the nutritional characteristics of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), provide the fundamental basis for its processing and utilization, 13 blueberry varieties were studied on their major nutrient compositions in fruit. The results showed that blueberry fruit contained 10.31 ± 0.98% of soluble solids, of which 77.13% was soluble sugar and 89.02% of soluble sugar was reducing sugar. Average content of organic acids was 0.79 ± 0.23% and sugar-acid ratio was 10.91 ± 3.38. Total polyphenol content was 4.921 ± 0.738 mg·g-1, of which anthocyanin was 1.441 ± 0.435 mg·g-1 and ellagic acid 0.921 ± 0.098 mg·g-1. Nutrient content and their components had difference between blueberries varieties.

An environmentally friendly procedure for the preparation of 10-aryl-6,8-dimethyl-6,10-dihydro-5-oxa-6,8-diazaanthra[2,3- d ][1,3]dioxole-7,9-diones under thermal solvent-free conditions in the presence of cyanuric chloride as heterogeneous catalyst was developed.

Monitoring of metal cutting tool wear for turning is a very important economical consideration in automated manufacturing. In the process of turning, the vibration signals of cutting tool become more and more irregular with the increase of tool wear. The degree of tool wear can indirectly be determined according to the change of vibration signals of cutting tool. In order to quantitatively describe this change, the wavelet and fractal theory were introduced into the cutting tool wear monitoring area. To eliminate the effect of noise on fractal dimension, the wavelet denoising method was used to reduce the noise of original signals. Then, the fractal dimensions were got from the denoised signals, including box dimension, information dimension, and correlation dimension. The relationship between these fractal dimensions and tool wear was studied. Use these fractal dimensions as the status indicator of tool wear condition. The experiments result demonstrates that wavelet denoise method can efficiently eliminate the effect of noise, and the change of fractal dimensions can represent the condition of tool wear.

As one of the most common parts of various rolling mechanical equipments, rolling element bearing is vulnerable. Therefore, great attentions have been attributed to the theories, failure diagnosis methods and their applications for rolling bearings. Vibration analysis is also a very important means for bearing fault diagnosis. This paper aims at the research on the methods of signal processing and pattern recognition. An experimental platform was set up for the failure diagnosis of rolling bearings, on which we have done a lot of experiments. Then the vibration signals of normal rolling bearings, rolling bearings with failure on the outer and inner race were collected. Time-delayed correlation demodulation was applied and the features of vibration signal were effectively extracted. Fuzzy C-means clustering system was established to carry out the recognition of the fault of bearings. Experimental results have proved the developed fault diagnostic architecture is reliable and effective.

A series of new 8-aryl-7,8-dihydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-6-ones were synthesized via a three-component reaction of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol, aromatic aldehydes and Meldrum’s acid in the presence of CeCl3·7H2O under solvent-free conditions. The method provided several advantages such as easy work-up, high yields and environmentally benign procedure.

FeCl3–SiO2 is environment-friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the condensation of kojic acid and aldehydes with dimedone to afford dihydropyrano[3,2-b]chromenediones. The solid acid catalyst is stable and can be easily recovered and reused without appreciable change in its efficiency.