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Background Long waiting time in hospital leads to patient’s low satisfaction. In addition to reducing the actual waiting time (AWT), we can also improve satisfaction by adjusting the expected waiting time (EWT). Then how much can the EWT be adjusted to attribute a higher satisfaction? Methods This study was conducted though experimental with hypothetical scenarios. A total of 303 patients who were treated by the same doctor from August 2021 to April 2022 voluntarily participated in this study. The patients were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (n = 52) and five experimental groups (n = 245). In the control group, the patients were asked their satisfaction degree regarding a communicated EWT (T0) and AWT (Ta) under a hypothetical situation. In the experimental groups, in addition to the same T0 and Ta as the control group, the patients were also asked about their satisfaction degree with the extended communicated EWT (T1). Patients in five experimental groups were given T1 values with 70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 min respectively. Patients in both control and experiment groups were asked to indicate their initial EWT, after given unfavorable information (UI) in a hypothetical situation, the experiment groups were asked to indicate their extended EWT. Each participant only participated in filling out one hypothetical scenario. 297 valid hypothetical scenarios were obtained from the 303 hypothetical scenarios given. Results The experimental groups had significant differences between the initial indicated EWT and extended indicated EWT under the effect of UI (20 [10, 30] vs. 30 [10, 50], Z = -4.086, P χ2 = 3.198, P = 0.270; χ2 = 2.177, P = 0.903; χ2 = 3.988, P = 0.678; χ2 = 3.979, P = 0.264) in extended indicated EWT. As for patient’s satisfaction, compared with the control group, significant differences were found when T1 = 80 min (χ2 = 13.511, P = 0.004), T1 = 90 min (χ2 = 12.207, P = 0.007) and T1 = 100 min (χ2 = 12.941, P = 0.005). When T1 = 90 min, which is equal to the Ta, 69.4% (34/49) of the patients felt “very satisfied”, this proportion is not only significantly higher than that of the control group (34/ 49 vs. 19/52, χ2 = 10.916, P = 0.001), but also the highest among all groups. When T1 = 100 min (10 min longer than Ta), 62.5% (30/48) of the patients felt “very satisfied”, it is significantly higher than that of the control group (30/ 48 vs. 19/52, χ2 = 6.732, P = 0.009). When T1 = 80 min (10 min shorter than Ta), 64.8% (35/54) of the patients felt “satisfied”, it is significantly higher than that of the control group (35/ 54 vs. 17/52, χ2 = 10.938, P = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found when T1 = 70 min (χ2 = 7.747, P = 0.052) and T1 = 110 min (χ2 = 4.382, P = 0.223). Conclusions Providing UI prompts can extend the EWT. When the extended EWT is closer to the AWT, the patient’s satisfaction level can be improved higher. Therefore, medical institutions can adjust the EWT of patient’s through UI release according to the AWT of hospitals to improve patient’s satisfaction.

Ionic MOFs are rare but function in an interesting manner due to charged frameworks and the existence of counter ions in the channels. Using one of the most simple and cheap ligands of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3btc), we constructed five novel anionic MOFs namely [Me2NH2][Cd(btc)]·0.5DMA·2H2O (1), [Me2NH2]2[Cd5(btc)2(lac)3(H2O)3]·4DMF (2, H2lac = 2-hydroxypropanoic acid), [Me2NH2][MnII(btc)]·DMA (3), [Me4N]3[MnII3(btc)2(Hbtc)(CH3COO)]·9CH3OH (4) and [Me2NH2]2[Zn5(btc)4(DMA)2]·5.5DMA (5). Rich structure variabilities including cluster-based, pillared-layer and rod-spacer motifs were found in these MOFs because of the different metal coordination and effect of auxiliary ligands. 1 was a [Cd2(COO)4]-based porous framework belonging to (3,6) connected α-PbO2 net. 2 was a [Cd(btc)]-layers and [Cd2(lac)2] pillar-based framework, which possessed rare-ordered defects due to the self-absence of 25% pillars. In 2, for the first time, extremely rare square-planar Cd(II) geometry in porous MOFs was found. 3 was the first 3D framework constructed from unusual Mn–carboxyl chains with [Mn2(COO)2] building blocks. 4 provided a new example to construct a pillared-layer framework from self-assembled metal–ligand chains as pillars. 5 had a [Zn2]-cluster-based framework with dual pore systems of 1D rounded channels and elongated cages. A new single-phase white-emitting phosphor of 1 was found, which exhibited near-sunlight and human vision friendly broadband spectrum, with extremely large full width at half maximum (FWHM) of up to 268 nm, close pure white chromaticity coordinates of (0.303–0.317, 0.354–0.364), near daylight color temperature of 5773–5899 K, as well as high color rendering index of 90. In comparison, 2, 3 and 4 showed single and narrow blue emission. Rapid and selective capture of methylene blue (MB) over methyl orange (MO) was realized in 1, while MB adsorption in other MOFs was negligible.

A new white light MOF was constructed from low-cost 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate and nontoxic Zinc(ii) ions. The compound possessed the most sophisticated crystallographic asymmetric unit containing sixteen metal ions and twelve ligands. Near sunlight and human eye friendly white-light emission under a wide ultraviolet radiation range of 300 to 390 nm was observed for this photoemitter, without the use of expensive rare earth and complicated organic ligands.

Introduction: The extremely high genetic variation and the continuously emerging variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) of Southern African Territory (SAT) serotypes including SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3 make it necessary to develop a new RT-PCR for general use for monitoring viruses based on the updated genome information. Material and Methods: A FMDV SAT-D8 one-step RT-PCR was established based on the 1D2A2B genes of the SAT serotype viruses with a multiplex primer set. FMDV A, O, C, and Asia 1 serotypes, other vesicular disease viruses, inactivated SAT viruses, and 125 bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine tissue samples collected from the Chinese mainland were included for evaluating the assay. Results: The new RT-PCR was proven to be specific without cross-reactions with Eurasian FMDV, swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), Seneca valley virus (SVV), or other common viral pathogens of cattle, sheep, goat, and pig. An around 257 bp-sized amplicon clearly appeared when the inactivated SAT viruses were detected. However, all 125 samples collected from FMDV-susceptible animals from the Chinese mainland which has not known SAT epidemics showed negative results. Conclusions: A FMDV SAT-D8 one-step RT-PCR is a promising method for primary screening for FMDV SAT serotypes.

The active lone pair electron effect and highly flexible coordination geometry of Pb2+ prevented the rational construction of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) but promoted excellent fluorescence tuning. The regulation on organic and alkali templates facilitated the assemblies of three new Pb-MOFs: [Pb2(pia)2(DMA)]·DMA (1), [Pb2(pia)2(DMF)]·1.5DMF (2), and [Pb2(pia)2(DMF)]·NEt3 (3). They were rigid rod-spacer and double-walls frameworks, which possess defective dicubane [Pb4O6] based metal-carboxyl chains constructed from both semidirected and holodirected Pb2+ ions. These MOFs exhibited thermal stability up to 370 °C and unprecedented chemical stability in H2O and acidic (pH 2) and alkaline (pH 12) aqueous solutions, found for the first time in Pb-MOFs. A single-phase and rare-earth-free white-emitting phosphor, 1, was screen out, which showed a near-sunlight and human-vision-friendly broadband spectrum covering the full visible region, possessing the close-to-pure-white chromaticity coordinates of (0.332, 0.347), a near-daylight color temperature of 5696 K, and a high color rendering index of 95. The replacement of DMF as apical ligand and guest in 2 resulted in an intrinsic single and narrow emission at 562 nm with yellow color. The convenient yellow-and-blue color-tuning until white for 2 was realized by either solution or solid blending with blue-emissive H2pia, benefited from their highly matched excitation spectra. Using large NEt3 as template guest induced great framework distortion for 3 and led to white emission with chromaticity coordinates of (0.302, 0.294), stemming from nonequivalent dual emission at 450 and 545 nm. In-depth structure analysis revealed intra-/interchain Pb···Pb interactions in the lead(II)-carboxyl chains greatly affected the photochemical output.

The sequence-dependent solid known as multivariate metal-organic framework (MOF) were significant because of their synergetic functions better than single material, yet far beyond fully developed. An unprecedented MOF of [Mn(Htzba)(CH3COO)]·2DMF (1, H2tzba = 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid) was verified to be a new sequence-dependent compound based on only one organic linker. The MOF with rtl net constructed from helical rod extended by linear and dual Htzba−. The concurrent bridging coordination of tetrazole and carboxylate linking adjacent Mn(II) ions in the chain, led to positional disorder in inverse fashion of linkers between neighbouring rods. Aperiodic MOF was created with uncertainty in chemical compositions of the 1D rod and simultaneously aperiodicity in spatial arrangement of organic linkers. Framework shrinkage induced by guest removing was verified by the gas sorption and PXRD.

Gd2Zr2O7/ZrO2(3Y) composite ceramics were prepared by vacuum sintering using Gd2Zr2O7 and ZrO2(3Y) nanoparticles. The ceramics were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the three-point-bending technique and single-edge-notched-beam tests. The effect of various proportions of ZrO2(3Y) on the phase composition, microstructure, bending strength and fracture toughness of the final Gd2Zr2O7/ZrO2(3Y) composite ceramics was also analyzed. The change from m-ZrO2 to t-ZrO2 phase contents, before and after fracture, was measured using XRD quantitative phase analysis. The results confirm that, with the increasing content of ZrO2(3Y), a phase transition from solid solution to saturated precipitation occurs and the bending strength and fracture toughness of the samples increase gradually. When the content of ZrO2(3Y) reached 95 vol.%, the Gd2Zr2O7/ZrO2(3Y) composite ceramics had a bending strength of 547 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.5 MPa m1/2, indicating that stress-induced phase transformation toughening was an efficient way to increase the mechanical properties of the Gd2Zr2O7 ceramics.

Gd2Zr2O7 nanocrystals with cubic structure were prepared via the citric acid chelating agent method using zirconium oxychloride and gadolinium oxide as starting materials. The samples was characterized using thermal gravimetric-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction technique, Fourier transform infrared methods, transmission electron microscopy technique, and laser particle size analyzer instrument. The effect of the heat treatment temperature on the Gd2Zr2O7 nanocrystal grain size was also analyzed. The results show that citric acid and ethylene glycol underwent esterification, and the metal ions were wrapped in an organic network, resulting in molecular-level dispersion. A single Gd2Zr2O7 phase was formed at 600 °C, and the crystal size of the nanocrystals increased with increasing thermal treatment temperature. Gd2Zr2O7 with an excellent defective fluorite structure, which belongs to the space group, was prepared after treatment at 900 °C for 2 h. The Gd2Zr2O7 crystallites consist of 50 nm to 60 nm spherical particles with agglomerated structures. In addition, the d111 and d222 interplanar distances were 0.310 and 0.152 nm, respectively, which were measured from high resolution transmission electron microscopy images.

Based on the mean and the standard deviation of lead time demand, and also taking the difficulty in measuring shortage cost into consideration, we investigate the joint decision problem of continuous review inventory in which a service level constraint should be satisfied. Under the assumption of controllable lead time and setup cost, a mathematical programming model is established. The objective function of the proposed model is the total expected annual cost and the constraint guarantees that the service level requirement can be satisfied at the worst case. Subsequently, an equivalent nonlinear programming model is derived. By constructing Lagrange function, the analysis regarding the solution procedure is conducted, and a solution algorithm is then provided. Moreover, a numerical example is introduced to illustrate the proposed model and solution algorithm. Through sensitivity analysis, some observations and managerial implications are provided.

For the regulation of photosynthesis at gene level, the genes encoding fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ALD) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) were transferred into filamentous, heterocystour cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120, which were from spinach and rice, respectively. Cells were grown in the medium supplemented with CO2. The growth parameters, photosynthesis, enzyme activity of ALD and TPI and carbonic anhydrases activities were measured and compared between transgenic and wild type cells. Transgenic cells had higher ALD and TPI enzyme activities than the wild type cells at all experiment conditions. Both cell growth and photosynthesis activities were improved under elevated CO2, especially for transgenic cells. Total intracellular CA activities were decreased with the increasing of NaHCO3 concentrations, and increased with the increasing of CO2 concentrations. Transgenic cells showed comparative advantages over the wild type cells in all experiments. These data indicated that the overexpress of foreign ALD and TPI affected the photosynthetic carbon fixation process through the accelerating of carbon flux. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Demographic, etiological, clinical characteristics and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were surveyed in 414 patients in Asia, including 107 from China, 15 from India, 101 from Indonesia and 191 from Japan. Males predominated in all countries, accounting for up to 75%. The mean +/- SD age at the development of HCC was about 10 years older for the patients from Japan (63.8 +/- 9.5, P < 0.001) and India (63.1 +/- 11.2, P < 0.05) than those from China (54.0 +/- 13.7) and Indonesia (53.7 +/- 14.2). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum was detected in 67% of patients from China who were tested, 27% from India, 21% from Indonesia and 18% from Japan, whereas antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 4%, 53%, 40% and 70%, respectively; co-occurrence of hepatitis B and C infections was seen only in 7%, 0%, 2%, and 1%, leaving an etiology other than hepatitis viruses in 22%, 20%, 36% and 11%. HCC was diagnosed primarily by ultrasonography in China (43%) and Japan (52%), and on physical examination in India (60%) and Indonesia (52%). The size of the largest tumor exceeded 5.0 cm in diameter only in 24% of the patients from Japan, much less often than in 67%, 87%, and 71%, respectively, of those from China, India and Indonesia (P < 0.001). The most favored treatment was chemolipidolization in China (81%) and Japan (81%), whereas it was transarterial embolization in India (13%) and Indonesia (26%). These results highlight common as well as distinct characteristics of HCC in Asia, and warrant the need for close cooperation toward early diagnosis and effective treatment of HCC.

This paper present one forecasting method with Exponential Weighted Moving Average(EWMA) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The daily cash turnover of the banks is time-serial data, banks need to forecasting daily cash turnover for banking reserve. First, the time series is preprocessed with EWMA method. The EWMAs with different coefficients are selected for forecasting features. And then SVR is used in the transformed dataset with EWMA for forecasting. The experimental result shows that the EWMA can improve the forecasting accuracy, and the SVR is more effective than other method such as 1-NN and MLP. Statistical correlation of SVR between the forecasted and actual values is much higher than other method such as 1-NN and MLP.

To establish a colloid gold-immunochromatography assay (GICA) for detecting type Asia I foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV).Colloidal gold was obtained by reducing the gold chloride with sodium citrate and then it was coupled with the purified anti-FMDV type Asia I antibody.The purified anti-FMDV type Asia I antibody and the goat anti-Guinea pig IgG were wrapped onto the nitrocellulose membrane as test line (T line) and control line (C line). The GICA strip was assembled with the purified antibody labelled with colloidal gold and the nitrocellulose containing antibody. The sensitivity, specificity and stability of GICA strip were evaluated in the diagnosis of FMD viral antigen from clinical samples.The strip was highly sensitive to FMDV type Asia I(0.116 mg/L) and it had the same result for positive specimens tested thrice. Cross tests proved no cross reaction was found with other serotype FMDV and Swine vesicular disease (SVD) antigen.The corresponding rate of GICA with RIHA was 96.87% for detecting the field sample. The stably test found the strip could be stored for 12 months.The GICA strip is a simple and rapid immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of FMDV type Asia I with high sensitivity and specificity.

To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in patients with chronic HBV infection among 11 cities of China.A total of 1214 serum samples from patients with chronic HBV infection were collected in 11 cities of China, including Beijing, Qingyuan, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Hanchuan, Nanjing, Changchun, Liaocheng, Jinan, Ningbo and Wenzhou. Genotypes of the 1214 HBV strains were identified by PCR method with type specific primers. Parts of the results were confirmed by direct sequencing analysis of PCR products.Among the 1214 patients with chronic HBV infection, 0.7% (9/1214)were genotype A, 28.4% (345/1214)genotype B, 58.4% (709/1214) genotype C, and 12.4% (151/1214) genotype B and genotype C mixed infection. No other genotypes were found. Genotype C was predominant in the northern part of China, such as Changchun, Beijing, Shijiazhuang,while genotype B was more commonly seen in south of China. 71.4% (20/28) for patients from Qingyuan and 63.6% (70/110) from Shenzhen were infected with genotype B.HBV genotypes had distinct geographic distribution. Genotype B and C the predominant strains in patients with chronic HBV infection in China. Genotype C was predominantly identified in the northern part of China versus genotype B the south.

This study was carried out to investigate the biological characteristics of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus strain Asia-1 China/2005, which is responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China. The result showed that this strain is not host restricted, and could not only cause FMD in cattle and sheep but also in pigs by either inoculation or direct contact.

State transition of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants is a short-term adaptation mediated mainly by the reversible phosphorylation of the main light-harvesting complex protein (LHCII) and its migration between photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). In higher plants and Chlamydomonas, LHCII phosphorylation is mainly controlled by the redox state of plastoquinone pool and cytochrome b(6)f complex, while salt could induce a redox-independent LHCII phosphorylation via transient changes in ion concentrations in Dunaliella. State transition can balance the distribution of excitation energy between PSII and PSI by changes in light absorption cross section and excitation energy spillover between the two photosystems. The preliminary results got in the studies of green algae reveal that state transition can also balance the ATP supply and demand.

To study hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and subtype distribution and its clinical significance in HBV-infected patients.We used type/subtype-specific primers and PCR to detect HBV genotype and subtype of 445 HBV-infected patients from Beijing, Changchun, Hanchuan Shenzhen, Qingyuan and Nanjing, including 7 acute hepatitis (AH), 36 asymptomatic HBV carriers (ASC), 352 chronic hepatitis (CH), 28 liver cirrhosis (LC), and 22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. Genotyping results were confirmed by PCR product sequencing.Among 445 HBV-infected patients, the proportions of genotype B, C, and B/C were 32.6% (145/445), 53.7% (239/445), and 13.7% (61/445), respectively. In genotype C, 13 (5.4%) were subtype C1, 135 (56.5%) were subtype C2, and the remaining 91 (38.1%) were neither C1 nor C2. In genotype B, 100 (69.0%) were subtype Ba, 25 (17.2%) subtype Bj, and the other 20 (13.8%) were neither Ba nor Bj. In genotype B/C, 15 (24.6%) were Ba/C2, 8 (13.1%) Bj/C2, 6 (9.8%) Ba/C1, 3 (4.9%) Bj/C1, 11 (18.0%) Ba/neither C1 nor C2, 7 (11.5%) Bj/neither C1 nor C2, and 6 (9.8%) neither Ba nor Bj/neither C1 nor C2, 2 (3.3%) neither Ba nor Bj/C1, 3 (4.9%) neither Ba nor Bj/C2. The HBV genotype and subtype distribution we found exhibited significant differences in the various clinical types of HBV infection tested, and showed that genotype C was predominant among patients with liver cirrhosis (78.6%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (86.4%) while genotype B was predominant in asymptomatic carriers (72.2%). In addition, genotype and subtype distribution showed no significant differences between male and female patients, but genotype and subtype distribution showed significant differences in patients positive or negative with HBeAg.Subtypes Ba and C2 are predominant in patients with hepatitis B from these 6 cities, and genotype C may be associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Mixture models have universal applications in probabilistic modeling for multivariate data. This paper proposes a novelty parameters estimation and model selection method based on half Bayesian. In our algorithm, the mixture coefficient is a determinate variable, and the parameters of the components are random variables. Owing to the special prior distribution of the parameters, the parameters don't converge toward a singular estimation at the boundary of the parameter space, and the redundant components can be automatically removed. In a word, our algorithm has very good performances as follows: (1) automatically selects the number of components, (2) avoids converging the boundary of the parameter space, (3) is less sensitive to initialization, (4) can fulfil simultaneously the parameters estimation and model selection in one algorithm, therefore, the computation efficiency is higher. The experimental results show that the algorithm is effective and has above good performances.

Aiming to deal with the issue that troubles the knowledge accumulation in a lot of complicated systems in the form of expertise that is showed as the fuzzy language, and fuzzy neural network (FNN) based on the traditional fuzzy algorithm is difficult to utilize expertise to get abundant training samples directly, this thesis proposes the FNN model based on the improved fuzzy algorithm. In this model, the improved fuzzy algorithm is not only used to deal with the input amount, but also to directly change the expertise into training sample that is necessary in neural network training. Then, a FNN diagnosis model based on the improved fuzzy algorithm is put forward. Compared it with the model based on the traditional fuzzy algorithm, the model designed in this thesis proves to be more effective, more clearly reasoned and more quickly in analysis. Moreover, it can produce sufficient training samples. All of these advantages will be useful to the accumulation of experience, online training and the improvement of FNN diagnosis precision.

In this paper, a distribution system consisting of a single manufacture and many geographically dispersed agents is studied. The manufacture distributes the trial-sale productions to many agents in an online fashion. Namely, without any information in the future, the manufacture will determine how many goods would be transported to the agents during every step. The goal is to minimize total transportation costs. The Greedy Strategy and the Balance Strategy are proposed respectively, and some results are obtained. Furthermore, the degenerated problem P1 of this problem is analyzed. Finally, we compare these two strategies and achieve some results.

Three-fluid flow is characterised by three different interfaces between fluids, which are among the most important issues in a three-fluid flow. The objective of this paper is to track the dynamic interfaces between fluids implicitly and then to computerise the flow hydrodynamics. We use the level-set method for the interface tracking and a high-order Navier-Stokes solver, called Cubic-Interpolated Pseudo-Particle (CIP) algorithm to solve the equation system. Firstly, a two-fluid situation is simulated to demonstrate the capability of the level-set method. Then, as an example, we simulate a drop which is covered by a layer of gas/vapour and is moving in a water pool. The dynamic processes, such as deformation of vapour layer and its detachment from the drop, are simulated.