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Solid oxide electrolysis cells provide a practical solution for the direct conversion of CO2 to other chemicals (i.e. CO), however, an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the dynamic reconstruction of active sites for perovskite cathodes during CO2 electrolysis remains a great challenge. Herein, we identify that iridium-doped Sr2Fe1.45Ir0.05Mo0.5O6-δ (SFIrM) perovskite displays a dynamic electrochemical reconstruction feature during CO2 electrolysis with abundant exsolution of highly dispersed IrFe alloy nanoparticles on the SFIrM surface. The in situ reconstructed IrFe@SFIrM interfaces deliver a current density of 1.46 A cm−2 while maintaining over 99% CO Faradaic efficiency, representing a 25.8% improvement compared with the Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ counterpart. In situ electrochemical spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations suggest that the improved CO2 electrolysis activity originates from the facilitated formation of carbonate intermediates at the IrFe@SFIrM interfaces. Our work may open the possibility of using an in situ electrochemical poling method for CO2 electrolysis in practice.

CO2 electrolysis through solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is a promising strategy for converting CO2 to useful fuels and chemicals powered by renewable energy. Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) is a widely-investigated anode material of SOEC on account of its high and catalytic activity. However, its poor stability under CO2 atmosphere limits its application as cathode in CO2 electrolysis. Herein, we develop a vanadium-doped BSCF material Ba0.5Sr0.5(Co0.8Fe0.2)1-xVxO3-δ (BSCFVx) for SOEC cathode. The doping of V into B site of BSCF decreases the basicity of perovskite oxide and increases its stability under CO2 atmosphere, thus improving the CO2 electrolysis performance. Compared to BSCF, the cell of BSCFV0.01 cathode shows a better tolerance to CO2 and achieves 48.3% increase in current density at 1.6 V and 800 °C.

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) is limited by the facile deep oxidation and potential safety hazards. Now, electrochemical ODE reaction is incorporated into the anode of a solid oxide electrolysis cell, utilizing the oxygen species generated at anode to catalytically convert ethane. By infiltrating gamma-Al2O3 onto the surface of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta-Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-delta (LSCF-SDC) anode, the ethylene selectivity reaches as high as 92.5 %, while the highest ethane conversion is up to 29.1 % at 600 degrees C with optimized current and ethane flow rate. Density functional theory calculations and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the Al2O3/LSCF interfaces effectively reduce the amount of adsorbed oxygen species, leading to improved ethylene selectivity and stability, and that the formation of Al-O-Fe alters the electronic structure of interfacial Fe center with increased density of state around Fermi level and downshift of the empty band, which enhances ethane adsorption and conversion.

Gold, as the common current collector in solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), is traditionally considered to be inert for oxygen evolution reaction at the anode of SOEC. Herein, gold nanoparticles were loaded onto conventional strontium doped lanthanum manganite-yttria stabilized zirconia (LSM-YSZ) anode, which evidently improved the performance of oxygen evolution reaction at 800 °C. The current densities at 1.2 V and 1.4 V increased by 60.0% and 46.9%, respectively, after loading gold nanoparticles onto the LSM-YSZ anode. Physicochemical characterizations and electrochemical measurements suggested that the improved SOEC performance was attributed to the accelerated electron transfer of elementary process in anodic polarization reaction and the newly generated triple phase boundaries in gold nanoparticles-loaded LSM-YSZ anode.

CO2 electroreduction by solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) can not only attenuate the greenhouse effect, but also convert surplus electrical energy into chemical energy. The adsorption and activation of CO2 on the cathode play an important role in the SOEC performance. La0.6 Sr0.4 Co0.2 Fe0.8 O3-δ -Ce0.8 Sm0.2 O2-δ (LSCF-SDC; SDC=samarium-doped ceria) is a promising SOEC cathode. However, its electrocatalytic activity still needs to be improved. In this study, Pt/SDC interfaces are constructed by decorating Pt nanoparticles onto the SDC surface. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the polarization resistance of the SOEC is decreased from 0.308 to 0.120 Ω cm2 , and the current density is improved from 0.913 to 1.420 A cm-2 at 1.6 V and 800 °C. Physicochemical characterizations suggest that construction of the Pt/SDC interfaces increases the oxygen vacancy concentration on the cathode and boosts CO2 adsorption and dissociation, which leads to enhanced CO2 electroreduction performance in SOECs.

To study the preventing and treating effects of "Changkun Granules" in experimental acute renal failure(ARF) induced by cisplatin in rats.The ARF rats were administered the "Changkun Granules". Serum BUN and SCr of all the rats were measured and the renal morphology was evaluated.Serum BUN level in the "Changkun Granules" group was lower than the one in cisplatin group. "Changkun Granules" could also improve renal histology damage.The results indicated that "Changkun Granules" had certain protective effect on experimental ARF.