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Abstract Electrochemical carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide reduction reaction offers a promising route to synthesize fuels and value-added chemicals, unfortunately their activities and selectivities remain unsatisfactory. Here, we present a general surface molecular tuning strategy by modifying Cu2O with a molecular pyridine-derivative. The surface modified Cu2O nanocubes by 4-mercaptopyridine display a high Faradaic efficiency of greater than 60% in electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction reaction to acetate with a current density as large as 380 mA/cm2 in a liquid electrolyte flow cell. In-situ attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy reveals stronger *CO signal with bridge configuration and stronger *OCCHO signal over modified Cu2O nanocubes by 4-mercaptopyridine than unmodified Cu2O nanocubes during electrochemical CO reduction. Density function theory calculations disclose that local molecular tuning can effectively regulate the electronic structure of copper catalyst, enhancing *CO and *CHO intermediates adsorption by the stabilization effect through hydrogen bonding, which can greatly promote asymmetric *CO-*CHO coupling in electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction reaction.

Abstract In this work, via engineering the conformation of cobalt active center in cobalt phthalocyanine molecular catalyst, the catalytic efficiency of electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction to methanol can be dramatically tuned. Based on a collection of experimental investigations and density functional theory calculations, it reveals that the electron rearrangement of the Co 3d orbitals of cobalt phthalocyanine from the low-spin state (S = 1/2) to the high-spin state (S = 3/2), induced by molecular conformation change, is responsible for the greatly enhanced CO reduction reaction performance. Operando attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements disclose accelerated hydrogenation of CORR intermediates, and kinetic isotope effect validates expedited proton-feeding rate over cobalt phthalocyanine with high-spin state. Further natural population analysis and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the high spin Co2+ can enhance the electron backdonation via the d xz /d yz −2π* bond and weaken the C-O bonding in *CO, promoting hydrogenation of CORR intermediates.

Efficient mucosal delivery remains a major challenge for the reason of the respiratory tract mucus act as a formidable barrier to nanocarriers by trapping and clearing foreign particulates. The surface property of nanoparticles determines their retention and penetration ability within the respiratory tract mucus. However, the interaction between nanoparticles and mucus, and how these interactions impact distribution has not been extensively investigated. In this study, polymeric nanoparticles loaded with a baicalein–phospholipid complex were modified with two kinds of polymers, mucoadhesive and mucus-penetrative polymer. Systematic investigations on the physicochemical property, mucus penetration, transepithelial transport, and tissue distribution were performed to evaluate the interaction of nanoparticles with the respiratory tract. Both nanoparticles had a similar particle size and good biocompatibility, exhibited a sustained-release profile, but showed a considerable difference in zeta potential. Interestingly, mucus-penetrative nanoparticles exhibited a higher diffusion rate in mucus, deeper penetration across the mucus layer, enhanced in vitro cellular uptake, increased drug distribution in airways, and superior local distribution and bioavailability as compared to mucoadhesive nanoparticles. These results indicate the potential of mucus-penetrative nanoparticles in design of a rational delivery system to improve the efficiency of inhaled therapy by promoting mucus penetration and increasing local distribution and bioavailability.

China is entering a stage of rapid development. To ensure strategic development, more regions have begun to integrate and reconstruct regional spaces by strengthening their regional cooperation and focusing on top-level design. The scenic line is a physical space that integrates ecological landscape resources, cultural carriers, and industrial foundations into regional spaces. Its construction is of considerable importance for aggregating functions and supporting regional integration. Sichuan, China, has some of the most abundant bamboo resources worldwide, and the bamboo scenic line has Chinese characteristics. This study takes 12 areas suitable for bamboo growth in Sichuan Province as research objects using GIS technology combined with methods such as suitability evaluation. An ecological base layer, landscape pattern layer, facility foundation layer, and industrial development layer were developed as the four element layers, along with their influencing factors. The weights of the factors were assigned using the entropy method, and the cost path was analyzed for the resistance side, branch point, and context. A suitability evaluation system was constructed for the scenic line, and a provincial organic development pattern of “one point, two axes and three belts” was formed for the bamboo scenic line, which can provide guidance for planning and design.

The review aimed to investigate the accuracy of breath tests in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, identify exhaled volatile organic compounds with the most evidence as potential biomarkers, and summarize prospects and challenges in diabetic breath tests. Databases including Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Science Citation Index Expanded were searched. Human studies describing diabetic breath analysis with more than 10 subjects as controls and patients were included. Population demographics, breath test conditions, biomarkers, analytical techniques and diagnostic accuracy were extracted. Quality assessment was performed with the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy and a modified QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2). Forty-four research with 2699 patients with diabetes were included for qualitative data analysis and 14 eligible studies were used for meta-analysis. Pooled analysis of type 2 diabetes breath test exhibited sensitivity of 91.8% (95% CI 83.6% to 96.1%), specificity of 92.1% (95% CI 88.4% to 94.7%) and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.97). Isotopic carbon dioxide (CO2) showed the best diagnostic accuracy with pooled sensitivity of 0.949 (95% CI 0.870 to 0.981), specificity of 0.946 (95% CI 0.891 to 0.975) and AUC of 0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99). As the most widely reported biomarker, acetone showed moderate diagnostic accuracy with pooled sensitivity of 0.638 (95% CI 0.511 to 0.748), specificity of 0.801 (95% CI 0.691 to 0.878) and AUC of 0.79 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.82). Our results indicate that breath test is a promising approach with acceptable diagnostic accuracy for diabetes mellitus and isotopic CO2 is the optimal breath biomarker. Even so, further validation and standardization in subject control, breath sampling and analysis are still required.

Research shows that stress, a common problem in densely populated cities, can be relieved by exposure to the natural environment. As great significance has been attached to the relationship between the urban environment and public health, this paper aims to study the relationship and interaction between the perceived sensory dimensions of urban park green space, attention restoration, and state empathy. Therefore, we conducted an on-site questionnaire (PSD Scale) survey in four typical parks in Chengdu and recorded age, sex, daily stress, frequency of visits to parks, and other basic information from the respondents. In the survey and visit, we found that the group structure in the recreation area comprises chiefly of a few transient unfamiliar travelers and most long-haul neighborhood sightseers. Among long-haul vacationers, the greater part of them are moderately aged and older individuals in the encompassing local locations, whose lives are, for the most part, quick and proficient. Hence, to mirror the populace attributes of high-thickness metropolitan parks and to feature the agent bunches that have lived in the parks from here onward, indefinitely quite a while, the chosen bunches are somewhere in the range of 35 and 65 years old (half male and half female), so make sure there are no ailments, no drinking, and no late evenings in the earlier days, so a specific actual fundamental belief is kept up with. The main part of the exercise focused on the perceived dimension, state empathy, and attention restoration. The software SPSS24.0 was applied to the test of the validity and reliability of the perceived sensory dimension (PSD) Scale, and then the important correlation between the perceived sensory dimensions in the parks and visitors’ attention restoration was analyzed through multiple linear regression. Finally, the moderating effect of state empathy was tested by PROCESS. The findings show that (1) only seven dimensions in the PSD Scale are effective; (2) Serene and Refuge in the perceived sensory dimensions have a significant effect on the restorative components of attention. (3) Except for the dimensions of Rich in Species and Refuge, empathy enhanced the moderation effect in the interaction between the other five dimensions of the Perceived Restorative Scale (PRS), especially in the interaction between the Social and PRS dimensions. However, this topic needs to be further explored to provide a scientific basis and design strategy for research on the restoration potential of urban park green space in high-density urban areas.

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the association between social capital (SC) and depressive symptoms among Chinese primiparas at different time-points from their late pregnancy to postpartum. Methods A total of 450 primiparas were recruited for the current study. The assessments were conducted at three different time-points: T1 – while the participants were recruited at their 30–36 weeks of pregnancy in the antenatal clinic in the maternity hospital in Zhejiang, China; T2 – at their 2nd or 3rd days in the wards after delivery; T3 – at week 6 to 8 after the delivery in the postpartum examination clinic. SC was measured by the 29-item SC scale; while depressive symptoms were measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The relationships between SC and depressive symptoms were explored separately at each of the three time-points. Results The prevalence of depression among the primiparas was 25% at T1, 13.5% at T2 and 20.8% at T3, respectively. However, the score of SC and its components at three time-points followed an opposite ‘V’ direction, with the highest score at T2, following by T3 and T1. At T1, the analysis suggested that depressive symptoms among the primiparas were negatively correlated with their social trust and social network levels. At T2, only social trust was negatively associated with depression. While at T3, it is social trust and social participations that were significantly negatively associated with depression. Conclusions SC was associated with depression at all three time-points during and after pregnancy. More attention should be given to SC in the maternal health promotion programs of community pregnancy health care management.