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This paper studies the high efficiency and stability of the continuous application of the wind wire feeding system. Combined with the technological transformation of the cigarette factory's roll production process characteristics and equipment layout adjustment, this paper optimizes the wind wire feeding operation mode, improves the upgrading space of the system, integrates the system structure, meets the process requirements of medium cigarette production, and solves the problem of large wind speed fluctuation in the process of cut tobacco air feeding The wind speed control is not accurate, so as to save energy consumption and ensure the reliable operation of the wind wire feeding system. The wind wire feeding system is mainly used for the continuous and uniform transportation of tobacco materials such as sheet tobacco and cut tobacco, and has the function of buffer and adjustment between various processes, realizing the automatic transportation of cut tobacco from the silk workshop to the cigarette machine, which has good popularization value.

For the first time it is reported that members of the nsLTP protein family could promote viral infection by inhibiting virus-induced RNA silencing. Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are a class of soluble proteins with low relative molecular weight and widely present in higher plants. The role of nsLTPs in biotic and abiotic stresses has been studied, but no report has shown that nsLTPs play a role in the process of viral infection. We report the function and mechanism of the classical nsLTP protein StLTP6 in viral infection. We found that StLTP6 expression was remarkably upregulated in potato infected with potato virus Y and potato virus S. The infection efficiency and virus content of StLTP6-overexpressed potato and Nicotiana benthamiana were remarkable increased. Further study found that the overexpression of StLTP6 inhibited the expression of multiple genes in the RNA silencing pathway, thereby inhibiting virus-induced RNA silencing. This result indicated that StLTP6 expression was induced during viral infection to inhibit the resistance of virus-induced RNA silencing and promote viral infection. In summary, we reported the role of StLTP6 in viral infection, broadening the biological function range of the nsLTP family and providing valuable information for the study of viral infection mechanism.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) produced by the plant genome are essential regulators in diverse biological processes. Despite increasing knowledge of lncRNAs in plant development, little is known about responding to plant disease, especially in rice. Results: In this study, we investigated a comprehensive disease-responding lncRNA profiles in rice defence against Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Rice stripe virus (RSV) for the first time. Analysis of RNA sequencing of rice leaves infected with the two pathogens identified total 1,925 lncRNAs, in which 724 lncRNA were derived from alternative splicing (AS) events and the largest number of lncRNAs produced by intron retention (IR) of AS events. We calculated the regulatory relationship between transcription factors, lncRNAs, and mRNAs by constructing gene regulatory network and found that a lncRNA, OS_LNC1812 regulated by Os01t0730700-01 encoding transcription factor WRKY14 may target abscisic acid (ABA) responsive element binding factor ABF (Os01t0867300-01) involved in ABA signaling pathway during pathogens infection. We subsequently found that highly expression of OS_LNC1812, WRKY14, and ABF after ABA treatment. Conclusions: Our results reveal the common lncRNAs profiles respond to RBSDV and RSV in rice and provide novel potential modulation of lncRNAs in ABA pathway in the regulation of plant disease resistance.

The article developed a method for automated penetration testing using deep machine learning technology. The main purpose of the development is to improve the security of computer systems. To achieve this goal, the analysis of existing penetration testing methods was carried out and their main disadvantages were identified. They are mainly related to the subjectivity of assessments in the case of manual testing. In cases of automated testing, most authors confirm the fact that there is no unified effective solution for the procedures used. This contradiction is resolved using intelligent methods of analysis. It is proposed that the developed method be based on deep reinforcement learning technology. To achieve the main goal, a study was carried out of the Shadov system's ability to collect factual data for designing attack trees, as well as the Mulval platform for generating attack trees. A method for forming a matrix of cyber intrusions using the Mulval tool has been developed. The Deep Q - Lerning Network method has been improved for analyzing the cyber intrusion matrix and finding the optimal attack trajectory. In the study, according to the deep reinforcement learning method, the reward scores assigned to each node, according to the CVSS rating, were used. This made it possible to shrink the attack trees and identify an attack with a greater likelihood of occurring. A comparative study of the automated penetration testing method was carried out. The practical possibility of using the developed method to improve the security of a computer system has been revealed. У статті розроблено метод автоматизованого тестування на проникнення з використанням технології глибокого машинного навчання. Основна мета розробки - підвищення безпеки комп'ютерних систем. Для досягнення поставленої мети було проведено аналіз існуючих методів тестування на проникнення і виявлені їх основні недоліки. В основному вони пов'язані з суб'єктивністю оцінок в разі ручного тестування. У разі автоматизованого тестування більшість авторів підтверджують той факт, що не існує єдиного ефективного вирішення для використовуваних процедур. Це протиріччя вирішується за допомогою інтелектуальних методів аналізу. Пропонується, що розроблений метод був заснований на технології глибокого навчання з підкріпленням. Для досягнення основної мети було проведено дослідження здатності системи Shadov збирати фактичні дані для побудови дерев атак, а також платформи Mulval для генерації дерев атак. Розроблено метод формування матриці кібервторгнень за допомогою інструменту Mulval. Метод Deep Q - Lerning Network був поліпшений для аналізу матриці кібервторгнень і пошуку оптимальної траєкторії атаки. У дослідженні, відповідно до методу глибокого навчання з підкріпленням, використовувалися бали винагороди, дані кожному вузлу відповідно до рейтингу CVSS. Це дозволило зменшити дерева атак і ідентифікувати атаку з більшою ймовірністю. Проведено порівняльне дослідження автоматизованого методу тестування на проникнення. Виявлено практична можливість використання розробленого методу для підвищення безпеки комп'ютерної системи.

Testing process for penetration into computer systems mathematical model was developed in the article. The proposed model differs from the known by computer systems specialized information platforms security testing capabilities, which made it possible to estimate the penetration test algorithm execution time falling within a given interval probability. The proposed testing process for penetration into computer systems mathematical model was further developed (modified). Modified model distinctive feature is the Erlang distribution as the main one in the state transition processes mathematical formalization. This made it possible on the one hand to unify the mathematical model and present the testing process at a higher level of the testing hierarchy, on the other hand to simplify it 1.7 times. A security testing mathematical model was developed in order to estimate the simulation results accuracy, based on the known GERT-networks simplification and modification approach. Testing algorithms execution time value mathematical expectation values are obtained and estimated. Comparative modeling results investigations have shown the study values comparability for all three approaches of security testing process mathematical formalization. This confirmed the hypothesis that it is advisable to use a unified mathematical formalization approach, which was implemented in a penetration testing process modified mathematical model., Разработана математическая модель процесса тестирования на проникновение в компьютерные системы, отличающаяся от известных учетом возможностей тестирования безопасности специализированных информационных платформ компьютерных систем, что позволило оценить вероятность попадания времени выполнения алгоритма тестирования на проникновение в заданный интервал. Предложенная математическая модель процесса тестирования на проникновение в компьютерные системы получила дальнейшее развитие (модифицирована). Отличительной особенностью данной модели является использование распределения Эрланга в качестве основного при математической формализации процессов перехода из состояния в состояние. Это позволило с одной стороны унифицировать математическую модель и представить процесс тестирования на более высоком уровне иерархии тестирования, с другой стороны упростить ее в 1,7 раза. Для оценки точности результатов моделирования, на основе известного подхода упрощения и модификации GERT-сетей, разработана математическая модель тестирования безопасности. Получены и оценены значения математического ожидания величины времени выполнения алгоритмов тестирования. Сравнительные исследование результатов моделирования показали сопоставимость значений исследуемых величин для всех трех подходов математической формализации процесса тестирования безопасности. Это подтвердило гипотезу о целесообразности использования унифицированного подхода математической формализации, получившего реализацию в модифицированной математической модели процесса тестирования на проникновение., Розроблено математичну модель процесу тестування на проникнення в комп'ютерні системи, що відрізняється від відомих урахуванням можливостей тестування безпеки спеціалізованих інформаційних платформ комп'ютерних систем, що дозволило оцінити ймовірність попадання часу виконання алгоритму тестування на проникнення в заданий інтервал. Запропонована математична модель процесу тестування на проникнення в комп'ютерні системи отримала подальший розвиток (модифікована). Відмінною особливістю даної моделі є використання розподілу Ерланга в якості основного при математичної формалізації процесів переходу зі стану в стан. Це дозволило з одного боку уніфікувати математичну модель і уявити процес тестування на більш високому рівні ієрархії тестування, з іншого боку спростити її в 1,7 рази. Для оцінки точності результатів моделювання, на основі відомого підходу спрощення та модифікації GERT-мереж, розроблено математичну модель тестування безпеки. Отримано і оцінені значення математичного очікування величини часу виконання алгоритмів тестування. Порівняльні дослідження результатів моделювання показали порівнянність значень досліджуваних величин для всіх трьох підходів математичної формалізації процесу тестування безпеки. Це підтвердило гіпотезу про доцільність використання уніфікованого підходу математичної формалізації, який отримав реалізацію в модифікованої математичної моделі процесу тестування на проникнення.

Specific and common genes including transcription factors, resistance genes and pathways were significantly induced in potato by Phytophthora infestans, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Potato virus Y infection. The three major pathogens, namely, Phytophthora infestans, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Potato virus Y, can cause late blight, bacterial wilt, and necrotic ringspot, respectively, and thus severely reduce the yield and quality of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). This study was the first to systematically analyze the relationship between transcriptome alterations in potato infected by these pathogens at the early stages. A total of 75,500 unigenes were identified, and 44,008 were annotated into 5 databases, namely, non-redundant (NR), Swiss-Prot protein, clusters of orthologous groups for eukaryotic complete genomes (KOG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. A total of 6945 resistance genes and 11,878 transcription factors (TFs) were identified from all transcriptome data. Differential expression analysis revealed that 13,032 (9490 specifics), 9877 (6423 specifics), and 6661 (4144 specifics) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated from comparisons of the P. infestans/control (Pi vs. Pi-CK), R. solanacearum/control (Rs vs. Rs-CK), and PVY/control (PVY vs. PVY-CK) treatments, respectively. The specific DEGs from the 3 comparisons were assigned to 13 common pathways, such as biosynthesis of amino acids, plant hormone signal transduction, carbon metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified many hub unigenes, of which several unigenes were reported to regulate plant immune responses, such as FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2 and chitinases. The present study provide crucial systems-level insights into the relationship between transcriptome changes in potato infected with the three pathogens. Moreover, this study presents a theoretical basis for breeding broad-spectrum and specific pathogen-resistant cultivars.

Nonspecific lipidtransfer proteins (nsLTPs), which are small, cysteine‐rich proteins, belong to the pathogenesis‐related protein family, and several of them act as positive regulators during plant disease resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these proteins in plant immune responses are unclear. In this study, a typical nsLTP gene, StLTP10, was identified and functionally analysed in potato. StLTP10 expression was significantly induced by Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight in potato, and defence‐related phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Characterization of StLTP10‐overexpressing and knockdown lines indicated that StLTP10 positively regulates plant resistance to P. infestans. This resistance was coupled with enhanced expression of reactive oxygen species scavenging‐ and defence‐related genes. Furthermore, we identified that StLTP10 physically interacts with ABA receptor PYL4 and affects its subcellular localization. These two proteins work together to regulate stomatal closure during pathogen infection. Interestingly, we also found that wound‐induced protein kinase interacts with StLTP10 and positively regulates its protein abundance. Taken together, our results provide insight into the role of StLTP10 in resistance to P. infestans and suggest candidates to enhance broad‐spectrum resistance to pathogens in potato., Potato plants overexpressing StLTP10 display increased resistance to Phytophthora infestans through regulating abscisic acid‐mediated stomatal closure, reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation, and enhancing expression of salicylic acid‐responsive genes.

The traditional cigarette conveying system of cigarette industry adopts a one-to-one hard connection method, which has problems such as poor spatial scalability and high equipment coupling. A spatial layout method for carton conveying system based on the SOSG (Solid Orthogonal Structure Graph) matrix is proposed. Through this method, a matrix cigarette conveying system is constructed. Compared with the traditional mode, its space utilization rate is increased by 67%, equipment coupling is reduced, and the downtime rate of carton conveying line due to the shutdown of sealing machine can be reduced from 100% to 0%.

The three-dimensional elevated warehouse is a production equipment, and it is inevitable that it will malfunction during the operation. If it is not handled properly, there will be inconsistencies between information and practice, resulting in inconsistency between inventory information and the actual product. In order to solve the above problems, this project team carried out functional research on various SQL tables of multi-dimensional data collaboration, and constructed a virtual inventory method based on Markov multi-dimensional data collaboration. The behavioral characteristics of the cargo location information in the cargo location table TWMS_LOC and the pallet status table TWMS_PLT are extracted, and the two are compared. If the deviation between the two exceeds the threshold, the status is judged to be no cargo information. Experiments are conducted to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the sentences of the proposed virtual inventory. The results show that the inventory method can better describe the status of the cargo location and information, and effectively realize the virtual inventory at the database level. The research results of this method will completely replace the complicated manual inventory business. It can provide accurate and efficient virtual inventory solutions for similar logistics elevated warehouses.

Phytophthora infestans causes the severe late blight disease of potato. During its infection process, P. infestans delivers hundreds of RXLR (Arg-x-Leu-Arg, x behalf of any one amino acid) effectors to manipulate processes in its hosts, creating a suitable environment for invasion and proliferation. Several effectors interact with host proteins to suppress host immunity and inhibit plant growth. However, little is known about how P. infestans regulates the host transcriptome. Here, we identified an RXLR effector, PITG_15718.2, which is upregulated and maintains a high expression level throughout the infection. Stable transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) lines expressing PITG_15718.2 show enhanced leaf colonization by P. infestans and reduced vegetative growth. We further investigated the transcriptional changes between three PITG_15718.2 transgenic lines and the wild type D&eacute, sir&eacute, e by using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Compared with D&eacute, e, 190 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 158 upregulated genes and 32 downregulated genes in PITG_15718.2 transgenic lines. Eight upregulated and nine downregulated DEGs were validated by real-time RT-PCR, which showed a high correlation with the expression level identified by RNA-Seq. These DEGs will help to explore the mechanism of PITG_15718.2-mediated immunity and growth inhibition in the future.

Phytophthora infestans causes the severe late blight disease of potato. During its infection process, P. infestans delivers hundreds of RXLR (Arg-x-Leu-Arg, x behalf of any one amino acid) effectors to manipulate processes in its hosts, creating a suitable environment for invasion and proliferation. Several effectors interact with host proteins to suppress host immunity and inhibit plant growth. However, little is known about how P. infestans regulates the host transcriptome. Here, we identified an RXLR effector, PITG_15718.2, which is upregulated and maintains a high expression level throughout the infection. Stable transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) lines expressing PITG_15718.2 show enhanced leaf colonization by P. infestans and reduced vegetative growth. We further investigated the transcriptional changes between three PITG_15718.2 transgenic lines and the wild type Désirée by using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Compared with Désirée, 190 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 158 upregulated genes and 32 downregulated genes in PITG_15718.2 transgenic lines. Eight upregulated and nine downregulated DEGs were validated by real-time RT-PCR, which showed a high correlation with the expression level identified by RNA-Seq. These DEGs will help to explore the mechanism of PITG_15718.2-mediated immunity and growth inhibition in the future.

In plants, viral replication can be inhibited through gene silencing, which is mediated by short interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA). However, under natural conditions, viruses are extremely susceptible to mutations that may decrease the efficiency of cleavage of these small RNAs (sRNAs). Therefore, a single sRNA may not provide a sufficient degree of viral resistance to transgenic plants. Potato virus Y necrotic strain (PVYN) and Potato virus Y common strain (PVYO) are the two major PVY strains that cause systemic necrosis and mottling, respectively, in tobacco. In this study, we designed specific siRNAs and miRNAs to target two regions of the PVYO replicase gene (NIb). Eight plant expression vectors containing one or two sRNAs were constructed. Luciferase activity assays showed that the designed sRNAs successfully cleaved the NIb gene of PVYO and PVYN, and the vector carrying a combined siRNA- and miRNA-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect. These effects were confirmed through the acquisition of PVYO and PVYN resistance in transgenic sRNA-expressing Nicotiana tabacum plants. This phenomenon could be related to a plant defense mechanism in which siRNA and miRNA pathways are complementary and interact to achieve gene silencing. Furthermore, there is a tendency for the homologous small RNA sequences (PVYO) to be more effective in conferring resistance than those with imperfect homology (PVYN). Overall, these findings confirm that the use of a combined siRNA- and miRNA-based shRNAs is a promising approach for introducing viral resistance to plants through genetic engineering.

In the process of communication of residual cigarette recycle system, due to the residual cigarette recycling bin WIFI switch with the signal strength, signal quality, distance of WIFI and other reasons. In order to keep the residual cigarette recycling bin in a non-inductive switching state, WIFI needs to adopt seamless Switching technology [1]. In which cognitive radio automatic networking (CRAN) is one of the core technologies, in order to suppress cognitive users from interfering with authorized users, it is necessary to reduce WIFI switching times as much as possible. Advance a cognitive wireless dynamic WIFI switching method based on detection of the WIFI chanel idle time (PWCIT). The theory is based on a known-state sequence hidden Markov [2] model (KSS-HMM). The selection method of the alternative WIFI is given, and the optimal channel is selected for data transmission by comparing the date transmission throughput of each candidate WIFI. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional channel selection method and the random channel [3] selection, the method can significantly reduce the number of WIFI handovers and improve the throughput of cognitive [4] users.