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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex disease that leads to significant mortality and disability worldwide each year. TBI disrupts the normal activity of kinases and molecular signaling pathways, but the effective therapeutic methods for patients remain limited. Nowadays, kinase inhibitors approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mainly for cancer treatment have shown potential effects in TBI. Preclinical studies suggest their potential in promoting recovery. There are fewer randomized clinical studies that evaluate efficacy. We search the kinase inhibitors approved by the FDA and traumatic brain injury as keywords on websites and analyze associated research. This review explores the therapeutic efficacy of kinase inhibitors, identifies limitations that must be addressed in future research to advance the application of FDA-approved kinase inhibitors, and emphasizes their promising potential.

IntroductionIn the modern rubber and plastics industry, temperature control becomes a key factor affecting product quality and production efficiency. However, the existing temperature control system generally has the problem of temperature lag and high energy consumption. Aiming at the problem of poor control effect of current temperature control system, a new circulating temperature control system for plastic industry was proposed in this study.MethodsFirstly, fuzzy neural network and improved particle swarm optimization algorithm were introduced in this study, and then the hybrid algorithm was combined with mechatronics technology to design and implement a set of rubber and plastic industry cycle temperature control system.ResultsAccording to the test data, the improved algorithm performed well in both scenarios. Compared with the comparison algorithm, the improved algorithm has the following parameters: tuning time (scenario 1:513s, scenario 2:521s), overshoot (scenario 1:2.5%, scenario 2:2.3%), steady-state error (scenario 1:005, scenario 2:004) and absolute integral error (scenario 1:008, scenario 2: 0.007) has been significantly optimized. Simulation analysis shows that the proposed temperature control system has stronger anti-interference ability and lower energy consumption (0.6 hour energy consumption: 1086.5J, energy saving rate: 38.7%).DiscussionThe results show that the cyclic temperature control system of rubber and plastics industry is superior to the comparison system in terms of temperature control performance, anti-interference ability and energy consumption. The research not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of temperature control systems in the rubber and plastics industry, but also promotes the promotion of green and sustainable production methods. This is essential to promote the high-quality development of the plastics and rubber industry.

Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi, rich in a variety of functional active ingredients, with various physiological functions such as antioxidation, anticancer, and enhancing immunity. It is also effective in protecting the digestive system and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. In this review paper, we summarize the sources, structures and eff icacies of the main active components in H. erinaceus fruiting body, mycelium, and culture media, and update the latest research progress on their biological activities and the related molecular mechanisms. Based on this information, we provide detailed challenges in current research, industrialization and information on the active ingredients of H. erinaceus. Perspectives for future studies and new applications of H. erinaceus are proposed.

Isotopes are important strategic materials, and are irreplaceable and central to the fields of national defence, energy security, medical health, and scientific research. With the demonstrated efficacy of targeted alpha therapy using 225Ac, there is a pressing need to explore radiopharmaceuticals capable of delivering consistent and ample quantities of 225Ac. Isotope production in Gansu Province has initiated the production of 225Ac via bombardment of thorium metal with 480 MeV protons. To ensure the stability and safety of thorium targets under high-power beam conditions, this study proposes a novel packaging design for the protective layer of thorium targets, accompanied by detailed mechanical and thermal analyses. The study employs an Inconel 718 alloy as the film material for vacuum welding packaging, and simulates local displacement variations in the Inconel 718 film under different thicknesses, lengths, gaps, and flange fillet conditions. The optimal parameter settings that meet the design requirements are then determined. Additionally, beam energy deposition is assessed using Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP 6) neutron calculation software, while the heat transfer process is simulated with Fluent software to optimize the cooling mechanism, ensuring the stability and safety of the target material. The final design provides a theoretical foundation for isotope production targets in Gansu Province.

Compared with hematoma evacuation craniotomy, decompressive craniectomy has a higher incidence of intracranial complications and no outcome benefit over craniotomy, which gives surgeons a safer decision‐making options during surgery.

In this paper, hierarchical micro/nano structures composed of periodic microstructures, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), and nanoparticles were fabricated by femtosecond laser processing (LP). A layer of hydrophobic species was formed on the micro/nano structures through perfluorosilane modification (PM). The reflectivity and hydrophobicity’s influence mechanisms of structural height, duty cycle, and size are experimentally elucidated. The average reflectivity of the silicon surface in the visible light band is reduced to 3.0% under the optimal parameters, and the surface exhibits a large contact angle of 172.3 ± 0.8° and a low sliding angle of 4.2 ± 1.4°. Finally, the durability of the anti-reflection and superhydrophobicity is also confirmed. This study deepens our understanding of the principles of anti-reflection and superhydrophobicity and expands the design and preparation methods for self-cleaning and anti-reflective surfaces.

Abstract Birefringence is at the heart of photonic applications. Layered van der Waals materials inherently support considerable out-of-plane birefringence. However, funnelling light into their small nanoscale area parallel to its out-of-plane optical axis remains challenging. Thus far, the lack of large in-plane birefringence has been a major roadblock hindering their applications. Here, we introduce the presence of broadband, low-loss, giant birefringence in a biaxial van der Waals materials Ta2NiS5, spanning an ultrawide-band from visible to mid-infrared wavelengths of 0.3–16 μm. The in-plane birefringence Δn ≈ 2 and 0.5 in the visible and mid-infrared ranges is one of the highest among van der Waals materials known to date. Meanwhile, the real-space propagating waveguide modes in Ta2NiS5 show strong in-plane anisotropy with a long propagation length (>20 μm) in the mid-infrared range. Our work may promote next-generation broadband and ultracompact integrated photonics based on van der Waals materials.

To investigate highway vehicle lane-changing behavior, we utilized the publicly available naturalistic driving dataset, HighD, to extract the movement data of vehicles involved in lane changes and their proximate counterparts. We employed univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models alongside random survival forest models to analyze the influence of various factors on lane change duration, assess their statistical significance, and compare the performance of multiple random survival forest models. Our findings indicate that several variables significantly impact lane change duration, including the standard deviation of lane-changing vehicles, lane-changing vehicle speed, distance to the following vehicle in the target lane, lane-changing vehicle length, and distance to the following vehicle in the current lane. Notably, the standard deviation and vehicle length act as protective factors, with increases in these variables correlating with longer lane change durations. Conversely, higher lane-changing vehicle speeds and shorter distances to following vehicles in both the current and target lanes are associated with shorter lane change durations, indicating their role as risk factors. Feature variable selection did not substantially improve the training performance of the random survival forest model based on our findings. However, validation set evaluation showed that careful feature variable selection can enhance model accuracy, leading to improved AUC values. These insights lay the groundwork for advancing research in predicting lane-changing behaviors, understanding lane-changing intentions, and developing pre-emptive safety measures against hazardous lane changes.

Natural dams are formed most often in narrow, steep valleys in high mountains. The outburst floods triggered by natural dam failures result in the topography and landforms successively being altered. Boulder bars are common natural structures that are selected here to quantitatively evaluate the impact of outburst floods on the topographical and landform variations in downstream channels. In this study, we selected the Sedongpu natural dam on the Yarlung Tsangpo River formed as a result of a landslide in 2018 as an example, and studied the geomorphological changes in a river reach located 173 km downstream of the Sedongpu natural dam. The sizes and shapes of the boulder bars in this area were statistically analyzed. The results show that there are three shape types of boulder bars in this area, i.e., sickle, bamboo leaf and oval. Furthermore, it found that the relationship between the lengths and widths of boulder bars is similar before and after outburst floods, as is the relationship between perimeters and lengths of boulder bars, which means these relationships are not affected by outburst floods. And the perimeters of boulder bars are almost twice their lengths. In addition, the relationship between the areas and lengths of boulder bars follows a power function. The most important finding is that the riverine morphological features conserved self-similarity due the influence of the outburst flood erosion triggered by a natural dam failure. This finding adds to the previous observations since dam failures introduce sudden and dominating impacts on river systems.

A dynamic LC trajectory planning algorithm based on the modified driving risk field is proposed to address the issue of dynamic changes during the lane-changing (LC) process. First, a modified driving risk field (MDRF) model is constructed for LC scenarios. Then, according to the state of the target vehicle and discrete sampling points, a series of LC candidate trajectories were generated based on the quintic polynomial. After eliminating candidate trajectories that do not meet the constraints, the MDRF was utilized as a safety evaluation function. Additionally, comfort and smoothness evaluation functions were combined to evaluate candidate LC trajectories in order to obtain the optimal LC reference trajectory. Then, this paper proposes a dynamic LC trajectory planning algorithm, addressing the challenges of complex traffic scenarios and dynamic changes in adjacent vehicle states. Utilizing the optimal reference trajectory as a basis, a dynamic segmented algorithm is applied to the x–t and y–x curves, constructing an optimized objective function that considers the MDRF. Under multiple constraints, including the continuity and smoothness of the lateral and longitudinal trajectories, the penalty function approach is employed to solve the optimization objective function, yielding the optimal LC trajectory adapted to real-time changes in the traffic state. Finally, the proposed dynamic LC trajectory planning algorithm was validated under four different scenarios by using MATLAB 2023b. The simulation results indicate the safety, continuity, and dynamic feasibility of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, it demonstrates strong adaptability and flexibility in challenging dynamic LC scenarios.

Abstract Background There is no general agreement on the preferential use of a fixed ratio (FR) of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC)

Abstract Background Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) are one of the most common neurosurgical conditions. The standard surgical technique includes burr-hole craniostomy, followed by intraoperative irrigation and placement of subdural closed-system drainage. The drainage is generally removed after 48 h, which can be described as fixed-time drainage strategy. According to literature, the recurrence rate is 5–33% with this strategy. In our retrospective study, postoperative hematoma volume was found to significantly increase the risk of recurrence. Based on these results, an exhaustive drainage strategy is conducted to minimize postoperative hematoma volume and achieve a low recurrence rate and good outcomes. Methods This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, blinded endpoint randomized controlled trial designed to include 304 participants over the age of 18–90 years presenting with a symptomatic CSDH verified on cranial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Participants will be randomly allocated to perform exhaustive drainage (treatment group) or fixed-time drainage (control group) after a one-burr hole craniostomy. The primary endpoint will be recurrence indicating a reoperation within 6 months. Discussion This study will validate the effect and safety of exhaustive drainage after one-burr hole craniostomy in reducing recurrence rates and provide critical information to improve CSDH surgical management. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04573387. Registered on October 5, 2020.

Summary: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain hematopoiesis during homeostasis and regeneration. However, their limited availability poses a challenge for protein analysis. Here, we present a protocol for performing high-sensitivity western blot on HSCs using two techniques that enhance HSC isolation from mice and boost sensitivity for low cell numbers. We describe steps for isolating murine bone marrow cells, antibody staining, and cell sorting and post-sort analysis. We then detail a western blot procedure suitable for low numbers of HSCs.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al (2022).1,2 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

BackgroundCataracts now account for the largest proportion of the global burden of blindness and vision loss. Understanding the changing trends in the global burden of cataracts over the past 30 years and the next 15 years is of clear significance for the prevention and control of cataracts in key populations. As far as we know, research on the future burden of cataracts is lacking. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the global burden of cataracts over the past 30 years by using age-period-cohort modeling and to estimate trends in the next 15 years. MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, the United Nations Development Programme, and the WHO (World Health Organization) Global Health Observatory data repository. The assessment of trends and disparities in the number and rate of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for cataracts from 1990 to 2019 was conducted. The association between the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) and the socio-demographic index (SDI), human development index (HDI), national levels of particulate matter

As an important lever for China’s green development strategy, whether the new Environmental Protection Law can effectively form investment incentives for enterprises has attracted much attention and is also an important topic that theoretical research urgently needs to explore. This paper utilizes corporate data from non-financial listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2007 to 2018. By adopting a double-difference model, it explores the incentive role and internal mechanism of the new Environmental Protection Law (EPL), implemented in 2015, as an environmental regulation on the environmental protection investment of enterprises, taking the new EPL’s enactment as a quasi-natural experiment. The study revealed a noteworthy and positive impact on motivation, which remained consistent even after various robustness tests. Additionally, the impact of incentives varied depending on the level of competition within the industry, financial constraints, and ownership type of the enterprises. Investigating the mechanism, it has been discovered that the incentive effect advances the environmental investment of firms through diminishing agency costs, enriching the quality of environmental information disclosure, and facilitating government subsidies to enterprises. This study not only verifies, from the factual empirical level, that environmental regulation policies can promote corporate environmental investment but also provides important evidence to support to a certain extent that the implementation of the new EPL can promote enterprises’ environmental governance behaviors. This article reveals the microeconomic effects of the new Environmental Protection Law from the perspective of corporate behavior strategies, and the research conclusions have important reference significance for the construction of national legal systems and the deepening of green development strategies.

Miscanthus spp. has been regarded as a promising industrial plant for the sustainable production of bio-based materials. To assess its potential for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) production, 50 representative clones of M. sinensis and M. floridulus were selected from a nationwide collection showcasing the extensive diversity of germplasm resources. Descriptive analysis indicates that the dry biomass weight of M. floridulus is advantageous whereas M. sinensis demonstrates higher MCC and CNCs yields as well as a smaller CNCs particle size. Correlation analyses indicated that MCC yield is solely influenced by the cellulose content whereas the yield of CNCs is affected by both the cellulose content and CrI. Comparative analyses of the chemical composition, physical features (degree of polymerization, crystalline index, particle size distribution and zeta potential), and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the MCC and CNCs extracted from M. sinensis and M. floridulus exhibited remarkable stability and quality. Additionally, the CNCs derived from M. sinensis and M. floridulus exhibited a distinctive ball-shaped structure. Notably, machine learning has demonstrated its efficacy and effectiveness in the high-throughput screening of large populations of Miscanthus spp. for predicting the yield of MCC and CNCs. Our results have also laid the theoretical foundation for the exploration, cultivation, and genetic breeding of M. sinensis and M. floridulus germplasm resources with the purpose of MCC and CNCs preparation.

Abstract We are concerned with the question of constructing a new type of solution to the problem with χ ( 2 ) $\chi ^{(2)}$ nonlinearities 0.1 { − Δ u + P ( x ) u = α u v , in R N , − Δ v + Q ( x ) v = α 2 u 2 + β v 2 , in R N , where P ( x ) = P ( | x | ) $P(x)=P(|x|)$ and Q ( x ) = Q ( | x | ) $Q(x)=Q(|x|)$ are positive bounded radial potentials, 3 ≤ N < 6 $3\leq N 0 $\alpha >0$ and α > β $\alpha >\beta $ . Assuming that the potentials P ( x ) $P(x)$ and Q ( x ) $Q(x)$ satisfy certain conditions, the existence of a new type of solutions is proved.

ObjectiveChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common disease in neurosurgery, which usually occurs in the elderly. Seizure is one of the postoperative complications in CSDH patients and can affect patient outcomes. There is currently no consensus on whether antiepileptic drugs should be prescribed prophylactically. The aim of this study was to evaluate independent risk factors for postoperative seizures and unfavorable outcomes in CSDH patients.MethodsWe reviewed 1,244 CSDH patients who had undergone burr-hole craniotomy in this study. Patient clinical data, CT scan results, recurrence and outcome data were collected. We divided the patients into two groups based on whether they had a postoperative seizure. Percentages and χ2 tests were applied for categorical variables. Standard deviations and two-sided unpaired t-tests were applied for continuous variables. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent factors of postoperative seizures and unfavorable outcomes.ResultsThe incidence of seizures after CSDH surgery was 4.2% in this study. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between seizure and non-seizure patients (p = 0.948), and the outcome of seizure patients was significantly poor (p

Abstract Developing a convenient method to determine the complete structure of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is important to achieve the fully controlled growth of this nanomaterial. However, approaches that can identify handedness at the atomic level with simple equipment, operation, and data analysis are still lacking. Here, the SWNTs/graphene (Gr) vertical heterostructures are artificially constructed with aligned interfaces to realize the lattice interpretation of SWNT upper and lower walls separately by only one transmission electron microscopy image, thus transforming the 3D handedness information to projected 2D space. Gr displays prominent out‐of‐plane deformation at the interface, promoting the energetic advantage for the aligned interface construction. The interfacial alignment between the SWNT and Gr shows no obvious dependence on either the helical angle or diameter of SWNTs. The half‐wrapping of SWNTs by deformed Gr also triggers diversified alterations in electronic structures based on theoretical calculations. 27 specimens with SWNTs prepared by two disparate methods are examined, implying equal handedness distribution in the randomly aligned SWNTs grown on quartz and potential handedness enrichment in horizontal SWNT arrays grown on a‐sapphire. This work provides a simple strategy for chiral discrimination and lays a characterization foundation for handedness‐selective growth of nanomaterials.

Background: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been a major public health threat, but the potentially differential effects on asthma of PM remain largely unknown in high altitude settings. We evaluated the effects of ambient PM on asthma in high altitude settings. Methods: The study recruited a representative sample from high altitude settings using a multistage stratified sampling procedure. Asthma was defined by a self-reported history of diagnosis by a physician or by wheezing symptoms in the preceding 12 months. The annual mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were calculated for each grid cell at 1-km spatial resolution based on the geographical coordinates. Results: We analyzed data for participants (mean age 39.1 years, 51.4% female) and 183 (3.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.2–4.2) of the participants had asthma. Prevalence was higher in women (4.3%, 95% CI 3.5–5.1) than in men (3.1%, 2.4–3.8) and increasing with higher concentration of PM exposures. For an interquartile range (IQR) difference (8.77 μg/m3) in PM2.5 exposure, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.64 (95% CI 1.46–1.83, P

BackgroundThe geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is a simple index for evaluating the nutrition status of elderly patients. Many investigations have demonstrated that this index is associated with the prognosis of several diseases. This study aims to identify the relationship between the GNRI and recovery in elderly mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients.MethodsA total of 228 mTBI patients older than 65 years were included in this study. mTBI was defined as an injury to the brain with a loss of consciousness of 30 min or less, a duration of posttraumatic amnesia of

Abstract To better understand the clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed lung metastatic breast cancer (LMBC) and quantify its prognosis, we retrieved data on patients with LMBC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts (ratio 7:3) to establish a nomogram using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. In total, 4310 patients with LMBC were enrolled, including 52.4% (2259/4310) HR+/HER2−, 17.6% (757/4310) HR+/HER2+, 10.8% (467/4310) HR−/HER2+, and 19.2% (827/4310) HR−/HER2− subtype patients. Inclinations of lung and brain involvement in HR−/HER2+ and HR−/HER2− subgroups, liver involvement in the HER2 overexpressing subgroup, and bone involvement in the HR-positive subgroup were detected in the LMBC population. Regarding prognosis, HR+/HER2+ subtype patients presented the most favorable profile (mOS 35.0 months, 95% CI 30.1–39.9), while HR−/HER2− patients exhibited the worst (mOS 11.0 months, 95% CI, 10.0–11.9). A nomogram was developed in the training cohort and validated internally (C-index 0.70) and externally (C-index 0.71), suggestive of decent performance. This study assessed the clinical outcomes associated with molecular subtypes, metastatic patterns, and surgical intervention and provided a robust nomogram for the estimation of survival probabilities, which are promising for the management of LMBC in clinical practice.

China’s economy has shifted from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development. This paper selects panel data of 30 provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions (except Tibet) in mainland China with the time dimension of 2006–2016, selects indicators from five dimensions of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing, uses principal component analysis to construct a system of indicators of high-quality economic development, and uses the spatial Durbin model to empirically the impact of government investment behavior in the three industries on the regional economic high-quality development was studied. The results show that: first, there is a significant positive spatial correlation between China’s economic quality development. Second, government investment in different industries has different effects on the quality development of the economy. Investment in the tertiary industry can boost employment, raise income level, promote economic quality development, and enhance sharing, coordination and innovation; investment in the secondary industry can enhance innovation, but because of the "crowding-out effect", it will reduce openness and sharing, and is not conducive to promoting economic quality development; investment in the primary industry can Investment in the primary industry can significantly improve coordination, but it will reduce innovation, greenness, openness and sharing, which will also have a negative impact on the overall high-quality economic development. Third, there is a significant spatial spillover effect of government investment behavior on regional economic quality development, and the economic quality development of this region will have an impact on neighboring regions. Finally, based on the research results, this paper puts forward countermeasure suggestions for promoting high-quality economic development.

The competition mechanism of ferritic recrystallization and austenitic transformation, nucleation and growth kinetics of different crystallographic orientation components during intercritical annealing of a cold-rolling Fe–Al–Mn–Mo–C deep drawing dual-phase steel were investigated by a series of continuous annealing simulation experiments. The experiments provided an insight into the microstructural characteristics and mechanical behaviors that were caused from the interaction of primary recrystallization and phase transformation. The results show that the promoting effect of austenite transformation is greater than that of ferrite recrystallization with the increase of temperature in the two-phase region, and an appropriate soaking time is contributed to the formation and development of {111} oriented grains. Austenite formation affects morphology and size of the microstructure owing to inhibiting ferrite recrystallization and growth. From these that experimental data of the observed temperature or time-dependent mechanical properties can be interpreted. An excellent comprehensive properties with tensile strength of 480 MPa and plastic strain ratio (r value) of 1.15 can be obtained at annealing temperature of 880 °C for 300 s.

Abstract Landslide dam outburst floods have a significant impact on landform evolution in high mountainous areas. Historic landslide dams on the Yigong River, southeastern Tibet, generated two outburst superfloods > 105 m3/s in 1902 and 2000 AD. One of the slackwater deposits, which was newly found immediately downstream of the historic dams, has been dated to 7 ka BP. The one-dimensional backwater stepwise method gives an estimate of 225,000 m3/s for the peak flow related to the paleo-stage indicator of 7 ka BP. The recurrence of at least three large landslide dam impoundments and super-outburst floods at the exit of Yigong Lake during the Holocene greatly changed the morphology of the Yigong River. More than 0.26 billion m3 of sediment has been aggraded in the dammed lake while the landslide sediment doubles the channel slope behind the dam. Repeated landslide damming may be a persistent source of outburst floods and impede the upstream migration of river knickpoints in the southeastern margin of Tibet.

Liquid air energy storage (LAES) technology is helpful for large-scale electrical energy storage (EES), but faces the challenge of insufficient peak power output. To address this issue, this study proposed an efficient and green system integrating LAES, a natural gas power plant (NGPP), and carbon capture. The research explores whether the integration design is theoretically feasible for future adoption in operating the LAES system and NGPP. The effect of the charging pressure, the number of air expansion stages, and electricity prices on the overall thermodynamic and economic characteristics are investigated. The round-trip efficiency and the exergy round-trip efficiency of the proposed system are 47.72% and 69.74%, respectively. The calculations show that the minimum dynamic payback period for such a project is 3.72 years, and the lowest levelized cost of electricity is 0.0802 USD·kWh−1. This work provides a reference for peak-shaving power stations with energy storage and carbon capture.

Abstract This paper is devoted to studying the following nonlinear fractional problem: 0.1 { ( − Δ ) s u + u = K ( | x | ) u p , u > 0 , x ∈ R N , u ( x ) ∈ H s ( R N ) , $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} (-\Delta )^{s}u+u=K( \vert x \vert )u^{p},\quad u>0, x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N}, \\ u(x)\in H^{s}({\mathbb{R}}^{N}), \end{cases} $$ where N ≥ 3 $N\geq 3$ , 0 < s < 1 $0< s

Abstract Background The human brain is the most complex organ in the body, and it is important to have a better understanding of how the protein composition in the brain regions contributes to the pathogenesis of associated neurological disorders. Methods In this study, a comparative analysis of the frontal and temporal cortex proteomes was conducted by isobaric tags of relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling and two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS). Brain protein was taken from relatively normal tissue that could not be avoided of damage during emergent surgery of the TBI (traumatic brain injury) patients admitted in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2014 to 2017. Eight cases were included. Four frontal lobes and 4 temporal lobes proteome were analyzed and the proteins were quantitated. Gene Ontology (GO), Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used to analyze the biological function of identified proteins, unchanged proteins, and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Results A total number of 2127 protein groups were identified in the frontal and temporal lobe proteomes. A total of 1709 proteins could be quantitated in both the frontal and temporal cortex. Among 90 DEPs, 14 proteins were screened highly expressed in the temporal cortex, including MAPT, SNCG, ATP5IF1, GAP43, HSPE1, STMN1, NDUFS6, LDHB, SNCB, NDUFA7, MRPS36, EPDR1, CISD1, and RALA. In addition, compared to proteins expressed in the frontal cortex, 14 proteins including EDC4, NIT2, VWF, ASTN1, TGM2, SSB, CLU, HBA1, STOM, CRP, LRG1, SAA2, S100A4, and VTN were a low expression in the temporal cortex. The biological process enrichment showed that unchanged proteins between the frontal and temporal cortex mainly take part in regulated exocytosis, axon guidance, and vesicle-mediated transport. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that unchanged proteins between the frontal and temporal cortex mainly take part in oxidative phosphorylation, carbon metabolism, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Conclusions The majority of proteins are unchanged between the frontal and temporal cortex, and unchanged proteins are closely related to its function. Among DEPs, MATP (tau) is upregulated in the temporal cortex, closely related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and is one of the targets for the treatment of AD. CLU is downregulated in the temporal cortex which functions as an extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of non-native proteins. It was suggested that the temporal lobe may not be the “functional dumb area” of the traditional view, but could be involved in important neural metabolic circuits.

Enumeration of metro passenger volume is essential in providing effective passenger guidance and improving the usage rate of each carriage. However, existing methods cannot provide the accurate number of alighting and boarding passengers at each gate on the platform. For existing visual methods, the occlusion problem seriously affected the results caused by the angle of view. In this study, we introduce a real-time metro passenger volume enumerating algorithm that is simple, effective, and fast enough to run on edge devices mounted above the platform gate. First, we capture videos from the cameras and design an anchor-free object detection network called CircleDet to detect passengers' heads. CircleDet predicts a circle to localize and bound the target instead of traditional bounding box. Then, we apply a simple but effective circle IoU-based method to identify and track passengers in the videos. CircleDet can achieve up to 111 frames per second (FPS) running on NVIDIA RTX 2080 and 7.8 FPS on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano device. The accuracy of enumeration is as high as 97.1% on our own metro object detection (MOD) dataset.

BackgroundGiven the men's predominance in the prevalence of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), we investigated the relationship between sex differences and clinical features of CSDH.MethodsWe retrieved a large collection of clinical factors from CSDH patients between August 2011 and May 2019, and analyzed the differences and similarities in the clinical data and outcomes between men and women.ResultsIn total 1,307 CSDH patients were enrolled in this study. When we did not account for age, a greater proportion of women relative to men manifested diabetes (p = 0.001) and cardiac disease (p = 0.035) prior to the onset of CSDH. Regarding recovery outcome and recurrence rate, we observed no significant differences between men and women. The sole difference between women and men after surgery was that women experienced more complications than men (p = 0.044), and both length of hospital stay (p < 0.001, B = 0.159, Exp [B] = 1.172, 95% CI = 1.078–1.274) and the presence of cardiac disease (p = 0.002, B = 2.063, Exp [B] = 7.867, 95% CI = 2.167–28.550) were identified as independent risk factors. After accounting for age, women with CSDH exhibited more frequent disorders of consciousness at admission than men in group of ≤ 40-year-old patients (p = 0.018), while proportion of women with diabetes was higher than that of men in 41–79 year-old group (p < 0.001). However, women after surgery experienced more complications (p = 0.047), longer length of hospital stays (p = 0.005), and higher mortality at discharge (p = 0.035) than men in middle-aged group. Finally, length of hospital stay (p < 0.001, B = 0.186, Exp [B] = 1.205, 95% CI = 1.091–1.331) and cardiac disease (p = 0.017, B = 2.040, Exp [B] = 7.693, 95% CI = 1.430–41.372) impacted occurrence of complications in women 41–79-year-old, while duration of drainage catheter use (p < 0.001, B = 1.132, beta = 0.280) and complications (p < 0.001, B = 5.615, beta = 0.366) were identified as independent risk factors for length of hospital stay in the same group of women.ConclusionsAlthough sex differences did not constitute a crucial factor in all the CSDH patients, we still need to pay closer attention to disparities between men and women with respect to complications, length of hospital stay, and mortality at discharge in the various age groups (particularly with respect to 41–79 year-old women patients), to provide satisfactory management and treatment of CSDH patients.

ObjectiveA previous study with a limited number of patients has shown that blood type A was a risk factor in the recurrence of CSDH. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association between the recurrence of CSDH and ABO blood type based on a larger sample size.MethodsThe authors reviewed in-patients with symptomatic CSDH from August 2011 to August 2021. Hospitalization information and data on long-term outcomes and recurrence among these patients were gathered. For all clinical variables, numbers (percentages) and mean ± standard deviations were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. For intergroup comparisons, the χ2 test or one-way ANOVA was carried out. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association between CSDH recurrence and blood types.ResultsWe included 1,556 inpatients in this study. The recurrence rate of CSDH showed no differences among different blood types. In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, ABO blood type (A: OR, 1.064; 95% CI, 0.467–2.851, p = 0.793; B: OR, 0.682, 95% CI, 0.315–1.269, p = 0.164; AB: OR, 0.537, 95% CI, 0.426–1.861, p = 0.357) was not a significantly independent predictor of CSDH recurrence.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that ABO blood type was not a risk factor in the recurrence of CSDH. Thus, we should not pay too much attention to ABO blood type in terms of CSDH recurrence.

Cycling has always been popular in China, especially during the years when the government encouraged green travel. Many people participate in rides to ease traffic congestion and increase transfer convenience. Due to the disorganized and tidal nature of cycling, cyclists create many conflicts with other groups. Adolescents are vulnerable road users with a strong curiosity and risk-taking mindset. Identifying the factors influencing adolescents’ aggressive riding behavior can assist in developing strategies to prevent this behavior. An online questionnaire was used to collect data on bicycling among students in a middle school in Guangzhou, China. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and prototype willingness model (PWM) have been applied to study travel behavior and adolescent risk behavior. To investigate the impact of psychological variables on adolescent aggressive behavior, we used TPB, PWM, TPB + PWM, and an integrated model. Behavioral intentions are greatly influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Both descriptive and moral norms played a role in behavioral willingness. The integrated model explained 18.3% more behavioral variance than the TPB model. The social reactive pathway explained more variance in behavior than the rational path.

At present, in the context of the era of energy and digital reform enabling the “dual carbon” goal, in order to improve the performance of urban green innovation, digitalization has become more and more important. Based on panel data, taking 228 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019 as an example, this study expounds three dimensions of promoting green innovation performance in the internal mechanism of digital development: direct transmission mechanism, indirect transmission mechanism, and regional heterogeneity transmission mechanism. This article uses mechanism analysis and adopts a dynamic spatial panel model and systematic GMM method to empirically test the growth effect of green innovation performance endowed by digitization. This article found that green innovation performance showed regional heterogeneity and urban heterogeneity after adding carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption, and digital development significantly improved the level of innovation performance. Further research found that digitalization has a positive impact on technological innovation, and technological innovation also has a positive impact on green innovation performance. And technological innovation plays a mediating role between digitalization and green innovation performance. Different intensities of environmental regulation play a positive moderating role in the impact of digitalization on green innovation performance.

The detection of a fallen person (FPD) is a crucial task in guaranteeing individual safety. Although deep-learning models have shown potential in addressing this challenge, they face several obstacles, such as the inadequate utilization of global contextual information, poor feature extraction, and substantial computational requirements. These limitations have led to low detection accuracy, poor generalization, and slow inference speeds. To overcome these challenges, the present study proposed a new lightweight detection model named Global and Local You-Only-Look-Once Lite (GL-YOLO-Lite), which integrates both global and local contextual information by incorporating transformer and attention modules into the popular object-detection framework YOLOv5. Specifically, a stem module replaced the original inefficient focus module, and rep modules with re-parameterization technology were introduced. Furthermore, a lightweight detection head was developed to reduce the number of redundant channels in the model. Finally, we constructed a large-scale, well-formatted FPD dataset (FPDD). The proposed model employed a binary cross-entropy (BCE) function to calculate the classification and confidence losses. An experimental evaluation of the FPDD and Pascal VOC dataset demonstrated that GL-YOLO-Lite outperformed other state-of-the-art models with significant margins, achieving 2.4–18.9 mean average precision (mAP) on FPDD and 1.8–23.3 on the Pascal VOC dataset. Moreover, GL-YOLO-Lite maintained a real-time processing speed of 56.82 frames per second (FPS) on a Titan Xp and 16.45 FPS on a HiSilicon Kirin 980, demonstrating its effectiveness in real-world scenarios.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a public health challenge globally. The burden of COPD is high in never-smokers but little is known about its causes. We aimed to find the prevalence and correlates of COPD in never-smokers, with a special focus on solid fuel exposure.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Western China. COPD was defined by FEV1/FVC < lower limits of normal (LLN). Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used for analyses.Results: Six thousand two hundred and seventy one patients were enrolled between June 2015 and August 2016. The prevalence of COPD in never-smokers was 15.0% (95% confidence interval 14.1–15.9). The common independent predictors of COPD in never-smokers included age ≥60 years, exposure to solid fuel, living in a rural area and a history of tuberculosis. Participants with solid fuel exposure were 69% more likely to have COPD (adjusted odds ratio 1.69, 95% CI 1.41–2.04) than those without such exposure. In addition, we found a positive association between small airway dysfunction and solid fuel exposure (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.18–1.53).Conclusions: This study confirmed the substantial burden of COPD among never-smokers and also defined the risk factors for COPD in never-smokers. Furthermore, we found a positive association between solid fuel exposure and COPD or small airway dysfunction.

Platform Screen Doors (PSDs) have been widely used in modern Asian and European metro systems due to the advantages of safety, comfort for passengers. Unfortunately, someone or something will be caught by PSDs and metro doors occasionally, which may lead to serious accidents. Therefore, the foreign object detection between PSDs and metro doors is a burning problem. Moreover, this problem is a challenging and still largely under-explored topic. In recent years, we have seen significant improvements in generic object detection built on deep learning techniques. Accordingly, this paper adopts deep learning technologies to address the problem of foreign object detection between PSDs and metro doors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use deep learning to solve the problem. To realize this, a dataset including 984 real-world images (with 600 × 480 pixels) labeled for six types of foreign objects (bag, bottle, person, plastic bag, umbrella, other) is developed. Then, we compared the performance of some state-of-the-art object detection algorithms (such as You Only Look Once -YOLOv3, Single Shot MultiBox Detector -SSD, and CenterNet) on the dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the foreign object detection algorithms based on deep neural networks have achieved excellent results, which not only improves the accuracy of detection but also give the categories of foreign objects. YOLOv3 - tiny can achieve the fastest detection speed, up to 200 Frame Per Second (FPS); CenterNet can achieve the best detection results, up to 99.7% mean Average Precision (mAP).

The rapid development of China Railway High-speed (CRH) has provided safe and comfortable transportation for many people. The fastening bolts (FB) on the sides of CRH fall off occasionally, which might cause serious traffic accidents. However, the automatic inspection of multiple missing FBs on the sides of CRH is seldom conducted. In this study, an automated visual inspection system based on space-scale normalization is proposed to inspect the status of FBs on the sides of CRH. To locate the missing FBs in sequence images, the exact alignment of the target image and its reference image must be ensured. This problem can be solved by normalizing the target image according to its reference image. First, the FBs are located in a specific CRH region, which is called the region of interest (ROI). The target image is cropped according to the size of the ROI. Second, the keypoints are extracted and matched by using the gradient-enhanced scale-invariant feature transform (GESIFT). Furthermore, the horizontal shift between the target image and its reference image is obtained during keypoint matching. Third, the target image and its neighboring image are stitched according to the horizontal shift. Then, the target image is resegmented according to its reference image to complete the normalization of the target image. Finally, the normalized target image can be exactly aligned with its reference image. We propose an image subtraction method to locate the potential missing FBs. The FBs that may be lost are finally determined according to prior knowledge, and the state of the FBs is determined by using high-level image understanding knowledge. Experimental results show that our presented method performs excellently in monitoring the missing FBs on the sides of CRH.

We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, have retracted the following article:Guonan Chi, Fuwei Yang, Donghui Xu & Weiming Liu (2020) Silencing hsa_circ_PVT1 (circPVT1) suppresses the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme cells by up-regulation of miR-199a-5p. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 48:1, 188–196, DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1699825Since publication, concerns have been raised about the integrity of the data in the article. We reached out to the authors requesting that they supply information that would confirm the article’s integrity. The authors provided several files in response to our queries, but they were unable to provide the original data in a format which satisfies our requirements to confirm the authenticity of some types of data. In particular, they were unable to provide full western blots, where the molecular weight markers are indicated. In addition, the authors did not have a record of the full blot, before cutting it into strips. When checking their data the authors also confirmed there are fundamental errors present. Therefore, they have agreed to the retraction of this article.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.

Abstract The paper deals with the following Kirchhoff–Poisson systems: 0.1 {−(1+b∫R3|∇u|2dx)Δu+u+k(x)ϕu+λ|u|p−2u=h(x)|u|q−2u,x∈R3,−Δϕ=k(x)u2,x∈R3, $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} - ( {1+b\int _{{\mathbb{R}}^{3}} { \vert \nabla u \vert ^{2}\,dx} } ) \Delta u+u+k(x)\phi u+\lambda \vert u \vert ^{p-2}u=h(x) \vert u \vert ^{q-2}u, & x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{3}, \\ -\Delta \phi =k(x)u^{2}, & x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{3}, \end{cases} $$ where the functions k and h are nonnegative, 0≤λ,b $0\le \lambda , b$; 2≤p≤4

Abstract In this paper, the authors investigate the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the following fractional Hamiltonian system: {D∞αt(−∞Dtαu(t))+V(t)u(t)=λu(t)+b(t)|u(t)|q−2u(t)+μh(t),t∈R,u∈Hα(R,RN), $$\textstyle\begin{cases} { }_{t}D_{\infty }^{\alpha } ( {{ }_{-\infty }D_{t}^{\alpha }u(t)} )+V(t)u(t)=\lambda u(t)+b(t) \vert u(t) \vert ^{q-2}u(t)+\mu h(t),\quad t \in \mathbb{R}, \\ u\in H^{\alpha }(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{N}), \end{cases} $$ where α∈(1/2,1) $\alpha \in (1/2,1)$, q>2 $q>2$, b∈C(R,(0,∞)) $b\in C(\mathbb{R}, (0,\infty ))$, h∈C(R,RN) $h \in C(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R}^{N})$, N≥1,λ,μ $N\ge 1, \lambda , \mu $ are parameters, and V∈C(R,RN×N) $V\in C(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R}^{N\times N})$ is a positive definite symmetry matrix for all t∈R $t\in \mathbb{R}$. By using the variational method and with the help of the Nehari manifold, the existence results of at least one or two nontrivial solutions to the above fractional Hamiltonian system are obtained.

The spring steel for automotive stabilizer bars has a great responsibility in that its quality directly affects the stability, safety, and comfort of vehicle operation. The isothermal thermal compression behavior of a novel lean Si spring steel that was used to manufacture an anti-roll bar was investigated with a DIL805A/D quenching thermal dilatometer in this research. A hyperbolic sine type of constitutive model was established, and hot processing maps were produced to evaluate the experimental steel’s hot workability properties. The experimental results suggest that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) preferentially occurs at a low strain rate and high thermal processing temperature, while the processing maps of the experimental steel are susceptible to strain. The instability regions increase as the strain increases. The processing maps’ stable and instable domains should be decided upon comprehensive analysis of the instability criterion, power dissipation efficiency, and strain rate sensitivity index. The optimum parameters of hot processing for the experimental steel at various strains are that the deformation temperature of 1000–1150 °C and the strain rate of 0.1, approximately.

Mass movements in mountainous areas are capable of damming rivers and can have a lasting effect on the river longitudinal profile. The long profile is commonly used to retrieve regional tectonic information, but how much dams may compromise geomorphometry-based tectonic analysis has not been systematically researched. In this study, we investigate the relationship between river dams and the longitudinal profile of the upper Indus River basin, based on interpretation and analysis of remote sensing imagery and digital elevation models (DEMs) and local field work. We identified 178 landslide, glacier and debris flow dams. Using TopoToolbox, we automatically extracted the river longitudinal profile from the 30 m SRTM DEM, determined the location of convex knickpoints and calculated the channel steepness index. One hundred and two knickpoints were detected with heights above 148 m, of which 55 were related to dams. There is good spatial correspondence between dams, convexities in the river longitudinal profile and relatively high steepness index. Different dam types have different impacts on the river profile; on the upper Indus, debris flow dams have a greater impact than landslide and glacier dams and can form knickpoints of up to 900 m. Therefore, dams may have a significant influence on the river longitudinal profile, knickpoints and steepness index, and should be considered when extracting information on regional tectonics using these indices.

The southeastern Tibetan Plateau has been deeply dissected by major rivers and their tributaries into high-relief topography with deep gorges. In this region, most hillslope gradients in the high-relief areas approach a threshold value, and landslides are the dominant surface erosion process. For this work, we analyzed the hillslope erosion process by determining the excess topography from the threshold hillslope. Slope analysis found a similar normal distribution of slope values for six large drainage basins with different lithology, precipitation, and tectonic settings. Overall, 82% of the slopes in our study area were 30 ± 5°, so this was taken as a reasonable range of threshold hillslope angles. We determined that the excess topography calculated for different threshold values all occur along major fluvial inner gorges. We found a linear relationship between excess topography and the mean erosion rate in drainage basins, which indicates that hillslope erosion, especially landslides, is the main erosion process. In contrast, the correlation between excess topography and the slope is only found for low-relief topography. This suggests that excess topography is a better metric than the slope to reflect the spatial distribution of erosion rates in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. In addition, for a threshold value of 30°, we collected data from 4,430 landslides and found that 71% of these landslides had occurred in an area of excess topography. This implies that most recent landslides did not reduce the slope below the threshold value. As a result, the potential for future landslides remains high in areas where landslides have recently occurred.

In this paper, a polarization and angle-insensitive multi-band adjustable terahertz absorber is proposed and numerically investigated, which is composed of a kind of periodic array square graphene ring with a Jerusalem cross graphene sheet. The numerical results indicate that the peaks absorptivity reach 99.9%, 99.9%, and 98.5% at 2.02THz, 3.44 THz, and 7.58 THz, respectively. The three resonance frequencies can be dynamically tuned by varying the chemical potential. Its physical mechanism can be analyzed by using Coupled Mode Theory (CMT) and electric field distribution. Moreover, the designed absorber is insensitive to polarization state and has the capability of wide-angle absorptivity. As a sensing application, the sensing characteristics of this monolayer graphene metasurface structure were investigated. In addition, we can achieve multi-spectral absorption peaks by applying bilayer graphene composite structure arrays. The proposed terahertz absorber may benefit branches of science such as refractive sensors, solar absorption, stealth, and other optoelectronic devices.

Oil-produced wastewater treatment plants, especially those involving biological treatment processes, harbor rich and diverse microbes. However, knowledge of microbial ecology and microbial interactions determining the efficiency of plants for oil-produced wastewater is limited. Here, we performed 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to elucidate the microbial composition and potential microbial functions in a full-scale well-worked offshore oil-produced wastewater treatment plant. Results showed that microbes that inhabited the plant were diverse and originated from oil and marine associated environments. The upstream physical and chemical treatments resulted in low microbial diversity. Organic pollutants were digested in the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) dominantly through fermentation combined with sulfur compounds respiration. Three aerobic parallel reactors (APRs) harbored different microbial groups that performed similar potential functions, such as hydrocarbon degradation, acidogenesis, photosynthetic assimilation, and nitrogen removal. Microbial characteristics were important to the performance of oil-produced wastewater treatment plants with biological processes.

Aim of Study: Four hundred million people live at high altitude worldwide. Prevalence and risk factors for COPD in these populations are poorly documented. We examined the prevalence and risk factors for COPD in residents living at an altitude of 2,100–4,700 m.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey in Xinjiang and Tibet autonomous region. A multistage stratified sampling procedure was used to select a representative population aged 15 years or older from eight high altitude regions. All participants underwent pre- and post-bronchodilator measurement of forced expiratory volumes. COPD was diagnosed according to 2019 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria.Results: Between June, 2015 and August 2016, 4,967 subjects were included. Median age was 38.0 years (range: 15–91 years; inter-quartile range: 28–49 years); 51.4% participants were female. Overall prevalence of spirometry-defined COPD was 8.2% (95% CI 7.4–8.9%): 9.3% in male (95% CI 8.2–10.4%), and 7.1% in female (95% CI 6.1–8.2%). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, COPD was significantly associated with being aged ≥40 years (odds ratio: 2.25 [95% CI 1.72–2.95], P < 0.0001), exposure to household air pollution (OR: 1.34 [95% CI 1.01–1.79], P = 0.043), and a history of tuberculosis (OR: 1.79 [95% CI 1.23–2.61], P = 0.030), while living at a higher altitude (OR: 0.45 [95% CI 0.33–0.61], P < 0.0001) and having a higher educational level (OR: 0.64 [95% CI 0.43–0.95], P = 0.025) were associated with a lower prevalence of COPD.Conclusions: Our results show that the spirometry-defined COPD is a considerable health problem for residents living at high altitudes and COPD prevalence was inversely correlated with altitude. Preventing exposure to household air pollution and reducing the incidence of tuberculosis should be public health priorities for high altitude residents.

Background: The clinical features of chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) in patients with and without a history of head trauma have remained unclear. Here, we investigated differences in clinical characteristics in CSDH patients with and without head trauma.Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical characteristics of CSDH patients who had undergone exhaustive drainage strategies via burr-hole craniostomies from August 2011 to May 2019. We divided patients into a trauma group (i.e., head trauma) and a no-trauma group. Chi-square tests or t-tests were used to analyze differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationships between the clinical characteristics and either reduction of the hematoma cavity or length of the hospital stay in CSDH patients with trauma.Results: We collected data from 1,307 CSDH patients, among whom 805 patients had a history of head trauma whereas 502 patients did not. The mean age of patients with head trauma was 64.0 ± 16.1 years, while that of patients without head trauma was significantly younger at 61.5 ± 17.9 years (p = 0.010). Furthermore, more patients in the no-trauma group had a history of hypertension compared to those in the trauma group (40.2 vs. 32.9%, p = 0.007). Dizziness occurred in 29.2% of patients with trauma and in 23.1% of patients without trauma (p = 0.016). A greater number of patients with trauma showed a reduction of hematoma cavity after surgery compared to that of patients without trauma (p = 0.002). The length of hospital stay in patients with trauma was 7.9 ± 4.5 days, which was longer than that of patients without trauma (7.3 ± 3.7 days, p = 0.016). In contrast, there were no significant different differences between the two groups in terms of the densities of hematomas on computed-tomography scans, complications, mortality rates, recurrence rates, or outcomes.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there were some noteworthy differences in the clinical and pathogenic characteristics of CSDH patients with and without head trauma. However, our findings also indicate that if an optimal treatment method is employed, such as our exhaustive drainage strategy, similar treatment outcomes can be achieved between these groups.

Abstract In this paper, the authors investigate the following fractional Kirchhoff boundary value problem: {(a+b∫0T(0Dtαu)2dt)tDTα(0Dtαu)+λV(t)u=f(t,u),t∈[0,T],u(0)=u(1)=0, $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} ( {a+b\int_{0}^{T} {({ }_{0}D_{t}^{\alpha }u)^{2}\,dt} } ){ }_{t}D_{T}^{\alpha }({}_{0}D_{t}^{\alpha }u)+\lambda V(t)u=f(t,u),\quad t\in [0,T], \\ u(0)=u(1)=0, \end{cases} $$ where the parameter λ>0 $\lambda >0$ and constants a,b>0 $a, b>0$. By applying the mountain pass theorem and the linking theorem, some existence results on the above fractional boundary value problem are obtained. It should be pointed out that the potential V may be sign-changing.

Based on the background of China’s “carbon neutral” policy and the booming digitalization, how does environmental regulation affect green economy performance? The existing literature has studied the impact of energy consumption on green economic performance. However, the literature has ignored the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on China’s green economy performance. In this regard, this research uses the non-radial distance function (NDDF) to calculate the green economic performance of China’s prefecture-level cities, and uses the dynamic panel threshold model and the systematic GMM method to study the nonlinear impacts and mechanisms of environmental regulation, digital development, technological innovation, and industrial structure upgrade on green economic performance. The panel data set contains 228 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2019. The following findings are established: first, after adding carbon dioxide emissions to China’s green economy performance, the environmental performance was reduced, and the green economy performance was also reduced. Second, the impact of environmental regulations on green economic performance has a double-threshold effect, with threshold values of −0.267 and 3.602, and this double-threshold effect has temporal and regional heterogeneity. Third, environmental regulations of different intensities have a single-threshold effect between digital development, technological innovation, and industrial structure upgrade, with threshold values of 2.955, 3.957, and 2.249, respectively. Fourth, digital development, technological innovation, and industrial structure upgrade promote green economic performance. Fifth, environmental regulation acts on green economic performance through the transmission of digitalization, technological innovation, and industrial structure upgrade. Based on these empirical findings, this research suggests that Chinese local governments should appropriately increase the intensity of environmental regulations, strengthen the digital application and technological innovation, and promote the upgrading of industrial structure to achieve the improvement of urban green economic performance.