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Purpose The retina is a highly energy-consuming tissue associated with visual development, and the reduced quality of retinal imaging can be related to myopia. Synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 1 ( SCO1) and synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 ( SCO2) are involved in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthesis and energy metabolism. This study aimed to observe the morphologic changes and investigate the expression of SCO1 and SCO2 induced by form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in the retina and sclera of guinea pigs. Methods Thirty-six 3-week-old male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) the model group (n = 18), in which the right eyes were covered by a thin opaque balloon as FDM group, and the left eyes were uncovered and served as the contralateral control group; (2) the blank control group (n = 18), in which bilateral eye received no manipulation. Eyeballs were enucleated for histological analysis. The retina and sclera of the guinea pigs were separated to determine the protein and mRNA expression levels of SCO1 and SCO2, respectively. Results After four weeks of form deprivation (FD), the refractive degree and axial length increased significantly ( P Conclusions The morphologies of the retina and sclera were changed, and the expression of SCO1 and SCO2 at the protein and transcription levels was significantly reduced in the FDM group. Given these changes, SCO1 and SCO2 genes may be involved in myopic progression.

This research was to explore antibiotic-induced drug resistance of Salmonella enteritidis and its biofilm formation mechanism. Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disk method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) was used to test drug sensitivity of Salmonella enteritidis to 16 kinds of antibiotics including ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, chloramphenicols, and tetracyclines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect carrying of drug resistance genes of 29 kinds of antibiotics including ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, chloramphenicols, and tetracyclines of Salmonella enteritidis. The expressions of esp, ebpA, ge1E, and fsrB genes in biofilm group and plankton group were detected when Salmonella was induced, and difference of gene expression was detected by FQ-PCR. The drug resistance rates of Salmonella enteritidis to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, streptomyces, and cefoperazone were high, which were 94.5%, 75%, 67%, and 52%, respectively. 94 strains of Salmonella enteritidis formed 22 kinds of drug resistance spectrum, the strains were generally resistant to 4-5 antibiotics, and some strains formed fixed drug resistance spectrum as follows: AMP-CFP-STR-NA-TE (22.6,21.7%), AMP-STR-NA-TE (17,16%), and AMP-CFP-STR-NA (11.1,10.6%). During biofilm formation, fsr can increase expression of ge1E and decrease expression of esp and ebpA. Consequently, Salmonella enteritidis was generally resistant to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, and streptomycin, and the multidrug resistance was severe. The drug resistance genes sul2, sul3, blaTEM-1-like, tet(A), and tet(G) were highly carried in Salmonella enteritidis. Esp, ebpA, ge1E, and fsrB genes were closely related to biofilm formation of Salmonella enteritidis., Graphical abstract

The retina is a highly energy-consuming tissue associated with visual development, and the reduced quality of retinal imaging can be related to myopia. Synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (Thirty-six 3-week-old male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) the model group (n = 18), in which the right eyes were covered by a thin opaque balloon as FDM group, and the left eyes were uncovered and served as the contralateral control group; (2) the blank control group (n = 18), in which bilateral eye received no manipulation. Eyeballs were enucleated for histological analysis. The retina and sclera of the guinea pigs were separated to determine the protein and mRNA expression levels ofAfter four weeks of form deprivation (FD), the refractive degree and axial length increased significantly (The morphologies of the retina and sclera were changed, and the expression of

Renewable wind energy has become an advantageous alternative. By the end of 2020, the total global offshore wind energy capacity has exceeded 35GW, growing more than 106% in the 5 past years, and the capacity has exceeded 6GW. It is estimated that by 2025, the global installed capacity of offshore wind energy will reach 100GW. In 2020, China's new offshore wind energy installed capacity exceeded 3GW, accounting for 50.45% of the world's new installed capacity and became the second-largest offshore wind energy market in the world. Offshore wind energy projects will produce noise pollution with different characteristics during the construction and operation stages, which will cause temporary or permanent damage to marine life to some extent. In this paper, the on-site survey of the underwater noise during the construction period of the second section of the Shapa offshore wind farm in Yangjiang, Guangdong. The survey was conducted on two days, and the measurements were carried out at different distances outside the wind farm. Time-domain waveform analysis and frequency spectrum analysis were performed on the data. The research in this paper can provide technical reference for environmental impact assessment of offshore wind energy projects, and has great application value. Through the analysis of the underwater noise characteristics of the offshore wind farm at different distances, the following results are obtained: Firstly, as the distance increases, the measured sound pressure values far away from the wind farm site are slightly smaller than those at the edge of the wind farm. Due to the multi-path effect, the duration of the acoustic pulse signal measured at the edge of the wind farm is shorter than that outside the wind farm. The noise power of piling at the edge of the wind farm tends to be stable, which has little impact on the apogee. Secondly, the sound pulse of piling causes the underwater noise sound pressure level at the edge of the wind farm to be generally higher than that at the site far away from the wind farm. With the distance increasing, the frequency of the sound pressure peak will be shifted. The noise intensity has the largest change in the frequency range of 0~1000Hz, and it has little impact when the frequency range is over 1000Hz. The underwater noise at the edge of the wind farm is greater than the underwater noise far away from the wind farm by a relatively constant value. Thirdly, as the distance from the wind farm increases, the frequency spectrum within the frequency range of 150Hz to 250Hz changes significantly. Fourthly, the wind farm has little impact on the nearby underwater acoustic environment during the construction period, and the impact range is small, which is not enough to damage the hearing of creatures near the wind farm. However, whether the noise has a long-term impact on the physiology and behavior of nearby marine organisms remains to be verified by further experimental studies.

An araban type polysaccharide (GBPw) was purified from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of GBPw on focal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat brain. The results of this study demonstrated that GBPw had a positive effect on the rat brain when administered 7 days before focal cerebral I/R injury. This effect was evident with the improvements in neurological deficits, reduction in infarct volume, MDA content and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), and elevation in the SOD and MPO activities and the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Thus, the beneficial effects of GBPw on cerebral I/R injury may result from the reduction of oxidative stress and the inhibition of NO production and inflammation induced by I/R. The neuroprotective effects of GBPw supplement may have potential implication in the future for prevention/protection against cerebral ischemic stroke.

Previous research has demonstrated that AtPHR1 plays a central role in phosphate (Pi)-starvation signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this work, two OsPHR genes from rice (Oryza sativa) were isolated and designated as OsPHR1 and OsPHR2 based on amino acid sequence homology to AtPHR1. Their functions in Pi signaling in rice were investigated using transgenic plants. Our results showed that both OsPHR1 and OsPHR2 are involved in Pi-starvation signaling pathway by regulation of the expression of Pi-starvation-induced genes, whereas only OsPHR2 overexpression results in the excessive accumulation of Pi in shoots under Pi-sufficient conditions. Under Pi-sufficient conditions, overexpression of OsPHR2 mimics Pi-starvation stress in rice with enhanced root elongation and proliferated root hair growth, suggesting the involvement of OsPHR2 in Pi-dependent root architecture alteration by both systematic and local pathways. In OsPHR2-overexpression plants, some Pi transporters were up-regulated under Pi-sufficient conditions, which correlates with the strongly increased content of Pi. The mechanism behind the OsPHR2 regulated Pi accumulation will provide useful approaches to develop smart plants with high Pi efficiency.

The intracellular polysaccharides (CLSP) were extracted from Lepista sordida mycelium in submerged culture followed by concentration and ethanol precipitation. The antioxidant activities of CLSP were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro antioxidant assay, CLSP had noticeable scavenging activities on superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical. For antioxidant testing in vivo, different doses of CLSP were orally administrated over a period of 6 weeks in a d-galactose induced aged mice model. As results, CLSP significantly inhibited the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and raised the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice brains and serums in a dose-dependent manner. The results provide a reference for large-scale production of CLSP by submerged fermentation and suggested that CLSP had potent antioxidant activity and could be explored as a potential dietary supplement to retard aging and attenuate age-related diseases in humans.