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A dynamic habitat and population model has been developed and applied to the tailwater below Glen Canyon Dam to estimate the dam operation's effects on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat and population dynamics. Water depth, flow temperature, flow velocity, and substrate types were used as the suitability parameters and to evaluate these indicators. Historic hydraulic data from 1991 to 2009 were analyzed to determine the minimum, mean, and maximum flow rates that were used to represent the habitat suitability index (HSI) and overall suitability index (OSI) of the rainbow trout fry, adult, and spawning life stages, respectively. Fish abundance and the simulation results were also compared with observed fish numbers. Results indicated that under the historic dam operation, the habitat suitability level in the Colorado River was not suitable for fry and spawning rainbow trout, but very suitable for adult rainbow trout. It is indicated that high HSI levels do not mean high fish abundance. It can also be seen that overall rainbow trout abundance decreased during the period 1991 to 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organopalladium complex containing ortho-metallated (S)-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]naphthalene as a chiral auxiliary has been successfully employed to promote the asymmetric cycloaddition reaction between 3,4-dimethyl-1-phenylarsole and diphenylvinylarsine. In the intramolecular cycloaddition reaction, a pair of separable diastereomeric palladium complexes was obtained in the ratio of 6:1. The chiral naphthylamine auxiliary could be removed chemoselectively from the template by treatment with HCl and subsequently NaI to generate the neutral diiodo complex [(As-As)PdI2]. Treatment of the diiodo complex with KCN gave the enantiomerically pure As-As bidentate ligand in quantitative yield. In contrast to the reported similar P-P and As-P analogues, both arsenic donors in the diiodo complex could be readily eliminated to produce a structurally novel dimetallic complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fast and efficient recognition method of transgenic lines will greatly improve detection efficiency and reduce cost. In this study, we successfully identified the transgenic soybean plants by the color. We isolated a GmW1 gene encoding a flavonoid 3050-hydroxylase from a soybean cultivar ZH42 (purple flower). We found that purple flowers occurred in the overexpression lines in the Jack and Williams 82 backgrounds (white flower). All plants with purple flowers were positive, and this trait seems stably inherited in the offspring. We have also obtained the editing plants, which were classified into three types according to the different flower colors appeared. We analyzed the phenotype and the homozygous types of the T1 mutants. We also found that a correspondence between flower color and stem color. This study provides a visible color reporter on soybean transformation. It can be quickly and early to identify the transgenic soybean plants by stem color of seedlings, which substantially reduces the amount of labor and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The well-defined heavy rare-earth ytterbium iodide complex 1 (L2YbI) has been successfully employed as an efficient catalyst for the hydroboration of a wide range of aldehydes and ketones with pinacolborane (HBpin) at room temperature. The protocol requires low catalyst loadings (0.1-0.5 mol %) and proceeds rapidly (>99% conversion in <10 min). Additionally, catalyst 1 shows a good functional group tolerance even toward the hydroxyl and amino moieties and displays chemoselective hydroboration of aldehydes over ketones under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane separation is an alternative separation technology to the conventional method of filtration. Hence, it has attracted use in the purification and concentration of Chinese Herbal Medicine Extracts (CHMEs). The purpose of this work was to study the process of microfiltration of Tongbi liquor (TBL), a popular Chinese herbal drink, using ceramic membranes. Zirconium oxide and aluminum oxide membranes with pore mean sizes of 0.2 μm and 0.05 μm, respectively, are used for comparisons in terms of flux, transmittance of the ingredients, physical-chemical parameters, removal of macromolecular materials and fouling resistance. The results show that 0.2 μm zirconium oxide membrane is more suitable. The stable permeate flux reaches 135 L· h-1m-2, the cumulative transmittance of the indicator is 65.53%. Macromolecular materials, such as starch, protein, tannin, pectin and total solids were largely eliminated in retentate after filtration using 0.2 μm ZrO2 ceramic membrane, resulting in clearer TBL. Moreover, this work also reveals that continuous ultrasound could strengthen membrane process that the permeate flux increases significantly. This work demonstrates that the purification of CHME with ceramic membranes is possible and yielded excellent results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]