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Vascular-disrupting agents (VDAs) such as combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) selectively disrupt blood vessels in tumors and induce tumor necrosis. However, tumors rapidly repopulate after treatment with such compounds. Here, we [...]

A survey is described in which extrinsic staining of teeth was assessed by practising dentists during routine clinical examinations. Habits information was also supplied by patients. The results show that extrinsic staining is markedly influenced by smoking habits and age, and that males tend to have more staining than females. The effect of tea and coffee consumption was not pronounced. No effect attributable to the use of a stannous fluoride toothpaste was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the life and works of Benjamin Joseph Edwards in Great Britain in the Victorian period. It is stated that Edwards was interested in various fields, particularly photography. According to the author, his interest in photography arose at the age of 15 and became a pioneer to wet-plate collodion process. He denotes that Edwards also made a major contribution to the introduction of isochromatic plates to the photographic process. However, the London Directories did not listed Edwards as a photographer but his share in offering photographic materials and equipment has been acknowledged.

The article provides information on the additive screen process in photography called dufaycolor. Dufaycolor took its name from a French photographer Louis Dufay, who developed the process and marketed it as the Dufay Dioptichrome Plate. The mosaic of the process consisted of a geometric pattern of four colors which includes, green, red, blue and orange-yellow. The success of the derived Dufaycolor process is due to its method of forming the reseau by a printing process on continuous lengths of film, making the system available for cinema photography and roll films. A diagram for the formulation of the Dufay color reseau is presented.

Angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) is a proangiogenic cytokine whose expression is often upregulated by endothelial cells in tumors. Expression of its receptor, TIE2, defines a highly proangiogenic subpopulation of myeloid cells in circulation and tumors called TIE2-expressing monocytes/macrophages (TEMs). Genetic depletion of TEMs markedly reduces tumor angiogenesis in various tumor models, emphasizing their essential role in driving tumor progression. Previously, we demonstrated that ANGPT2 augments the expression of various proangiogenic genes, the potent immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-10, and a chemokine for regulatory T cells (Tregs), CCL17 by TEMs in vitro. We now show that TEMs also express higher levels of IL-10 than TIE2- macrophages in tumors and that ANGPT2-stimulated release of IL-10 by TEMs suppresses T cell proliferation, increases the ratio of CD4+ T cells to CD8+ T cells, and promotes the expansion of CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs. Furthermore, syngeneic murine tumors expressing high levels of ANGPT2 contained not only high numbers of TEMs but also increased numbers of Tregs, whereas genetic depletion of tumor TEMs resulted in a marked reduction in the frequency of Tregs in tumors. Taken together, our data suggest that ANGPT2-stimulated TEMs represent a novel, potent immunosuppressive force in tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]