Search

Your search keyword '"Wellman M"' showing total 266 results
Start Over Author "Wellman M"
266 results on '"Wellman M"'

2. Price Prediction in a Trading Agent Competition

Author

Lochner, K. M., Reeves, D. M., Vorobeychik, Y., and Wellman, M. P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

The 2002 Trading Agent Competition (TAC) presented a challenging market game in the domain of travel shopping. One of the pivotal issues in this domain is uncertainty about hotel prices, which have a significant influence on the relative cost of alternative trip schedules. Thus, virtually all participants employ some method for predicting hotel prices. We survey approaches employed in the tournament, finding that agents apply an interesting diversity of techniques, taking into account differing sources of evidence bearing on prices. Based on data provided by entrants on their agents' actual predictions in the TAC-02 finals and semifinals, we analyze the relative efficacy of these approaches. The results show that taking into account game-specific information about flight prices is a major distinguishing factor. Machine learning methods effectively induce the relationship between flight and hotel prices from game data, and a purely analytical approach based on competitive equilibrium analysis achieves equal accuracy with no historical data. Employing a new measure of prediction quality, we relate absolute accuracy to bottom-line performance in the game.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Decentralized Supply Chain Formation: A Market Protocol and Competitive Equilibrium Analysis

Author

Walsh, W. E. and Wellman, M. P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Supply chain formation is the process of determining the structure and terms of exchange relationships to enable a multilevel, multiagent production activity. We present a simple model of supply chains, highlighting two characteristic features: hierarchical subtask decomposition, and resource contention. To decentralize the formation process, we introduce a market price system over the resources produced along the chain. In a competitive equilibrium for this system, agents choose locally optimal allocations with respect to prices, and outcomes are optimal overall. To determine prices, we define a market protocol based on distributed, progressive auctions, and myopic, non-strategic agent bidding policies. In the presence of resource contention, this protocol produces better solutions than the greedy protocols common in the artificial intelligence and multiagent systems literature. The protocol often converges to high-value supply chains, and when competitive equilibria exist, typically to approximate competitive equilibria. However, complementarities in agent production technologies can cause the protocol to wastefully allocate inputs to agents that do not produce their outputs. A subsequent decommitment phase recovers a significant fraction of the lost surplus.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. A Market-Oriented Programming Environment and its Application to Distributed Multicommodity Flow Problems

Author

Wellman, M. P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Market price systems constitute a well-understood class of mechanisms that under certain conditions provide effective decentralization of decision making with minimal communication overhead. In a market-oriented programming approach to distributed problem solving, we derive the activities and resource allocations for a set of computational agents by computing the competitive equilibrium of an artificial economy. WALRAS provides basic constructs for defining computational market structures, and protocols for deriving their corresponding price equilibria. In a particular realization of this approach for a form of multicommodity flow problem, we see that careful construction of the decision process according to economic principles can lead to efficient distributed resource allocation, and that the behavior of the system can be meaningfully analyzed in economic terms., Comment: See http://www.jair.org/ for any accompanying files

Published
1993

10. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA MENTE

Author

Henry Wellman M. and Henry Wellman M.

Subjects
Cognition in children, Child development, Philosophy, Philosophy of mind, Philosophy of mind in children, Children, Developmental psychology
Abstract

Los científicos cognitivos acuñaron el término “teoría de la mente” para describir nuestra comprensión cotidiana de los estados mentales: nuestras esperanzas, sueños, intenciones, pensamientos y deseos. Durante los últimos veinticinco años los investigadores han proporcionado datos enriquecedores y provocativos que muestran que, desde una temprana edad, los niños desarrollan una teoría de la mente sofisticada y coherente al atribuir deseos, creencias y emociones a sí mismos y a otros. Notablemente, los bebés de apenas unos meses de edad pueden prestar atención a otros seres humanos y sus acciones intencionales; los niños de dos años pueden articular sus propios deseos y sentimientos y los de los demás; y los niños de tres y cuatro años pueden hablar de pensamientos de forma abstracta y participar en mentiras y engaños; a partir de ahí se desarrollan conceptos aún más sofisticados de la mente. Este libro ofrece un examen profundo de cómo se desarrolla esta notable, aunque común, teoría de la mente. Basándose en su investigación pionera en The Child's Theory of Mind (1990), Henry Wellman informa sobre todo lo que hemos aprendido en los últimos veinticinco años, con capítulos sobre bebés y niños pequeños, evolución, las bases cerebrales de la teoría de la mente, actualizaciones de las explicaciones de la “teoría de la teoría”, y consideraciones de desarrollos teóricos posteriores, incluyendo cómo los niños conciben mentes extraordinarias como las que pertenecen a superhéroes o seres sobrenaturales. De gran alcance y redactado de una manera accesible, el trabajo de Wellman cautivará especialmente a los investigadores y estudiantes que trabajan en psicología, filosofía, estudios culturales, y ciencias cognitivas y de desarrollo.

Published
2017

12. On the Complexity of mCP−Nets

Author

Lukasiewicz, T, Malizia, E, Schuurmans, D, and Wellman, M

Abstract

mCP-nets are an expressive and intuitive formalism based on CP-nets to reason about preferences of groups of agents. The dominance semantics of mCP-nets is based on the concept of voting, and different voting schemes give rise to different dominance semantics for the group. Unlike CP-nets, which received an extensive complexity analysis, mCP-nets, as reported multiple times in the literature, lack a precise study of the voting tasks’ complexity. Prior to this work, only a complexity analysis of brute-force algorithms for these tasks was available, and this analysis only gave EXPTIME upper bounds for most of those problems. In this paper, we start to fill this gap by carrying out a precise computational complexity analysis of voting tasks on acyclic binary polynomially connected mCP-nets whose constituents are standard CP-nets. Interestingly, all these problems actually belong to various levels of the polynomial hierarchy, and some of them even belong to PTIME or LOGSPACE. Furthermore, for most of these problems, we provide completeness results, which show tight lower bounds for problems that (up to date) did not have any explicit non-obvious lower bound.

Published
2016

15. Repeated oral administration of a cathepsin K inhibitor significantly suppresses bone resorption in exercising horses with evidence of increased bone formation and maintained bone turnover.

Author

Hussein, H., Dulin, J., Smanik, L., Drost, W. T., Russell, D., Wellman, M., and Bertone, A.

Subjects
DRUG administration, ORAL drug administration, CATHEPSINS, BONE resorption, HORSE physiology, BIOMARKERS, BLOOD sampling
Abstract

Our investigations evaluated the effect of VEL-0230, a highly specific irreversible inhibitor of cathepsin K (CatK). The objectives of our study were to determine whether repeated dosing of a CatK inhibitor (CatKI) produced a desired inhibition of the bone resorption biomarker (CTX-1), and document the effect of repeated dosing on bone homeostasis, structure, and dynamics of bone resorption and formation in horses. Twelve young exercising horses were randomized in a prospective, controlled clinical trial and received 4 weekly doses of a CatKI or vehicle. Baseline and poststudy nuclear scintigraphy, blood sampling and analysis of plasma bone biomarkers (CTX-1 and osteocalcin), poststudy bone fluorescent labeling, and bone biopsy were performed. Bone specimens were further processed for microcomputed tomography and bone histomorphometry. Each dose of this CatKI transiently inhibited plasma CTX-1 (reflecting inhibition of bone collagen resorption) and increased bone plasma osteocalcin concentrations, with no detectable adverse effect on normal bone turnover in the face of exercise. Bone morphology, density, and formation rate were not different between control and treated group. Further investigation of CatK inhibition in abnormal bone turnover is required in animals with bone diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Acoustic Target Classification Using Multiscale Methods

Author

ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD, Eom, K., Wellman, M., Srour, N., Hillis, D., Chellappa, R., ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD, Eom, K., Wellman, M., Srour, N., Hillis, D., and Chellappa, R.

Abstract

This study considers the classification of acoustic signatures using features extracted at multiple scales from hierarchical models and a wavelet transform, In the model based approach; multiscale spectral features are extracted with hierarchical autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) models. The modeling approach is also used for monitoring vehicular activities from an AR spectrogram. The AR spectrogram shows engine speed; gear changes; and other vehicular activities well; because it represents dominant spectral peaks better than a short time Fourier transform. In the wavelet transform based approach; multiscale features are obtained with a wavelet transform. Multiscale classification methods were applied to acoustic data collected at different test tracks under various testing conditions. In this experiment; about 92 percent of vehicles were correctly identified.

Published
1998

28. Vers la traduction du message des régions non traduites: régulation et pathologie moléculaire.

Author

Diederich, M., Kruys, Véronique, Wellman, M., Diederich, M., Kruys, Véronique, and Wellman, M.

Abstract

The biochemical life of mRNA migrating from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is controled by numerous interactions with regulatory proteins. Most of those steps are under the control of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions interacting with specific regulatory proteins and directing transport, translation and stabilization of the mRNA. Similar to DNA, mRNA carry cis-acting sequences allowing the cell to respond to numerous indogenous trans-acting factors able to adapt translation of the message to different physiopathological situations. These regulatory elements could be compared to promoting and enhancing transcriptional sequences. The remaining question is: do mRNA really have promoters?, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
1997

46. The Value of Biomedical Research Training for Veterinary Anatomic and Clinical Pathologists.

Author

Sharkey, L. C., Simpson, R. M., Wellman, M. L., Craig, L. E., Birkebak, T. A., Kock, N. D., Miller, M. A., Harris, R. K., and Munson, L.

Subjects
VETERINARY pathology, PATHOLOGISTS, RESEARCH, EMPLOYEE training, VOCATIONAL guidance, CAREER development
Abstract

The article presents an evaluation of the benefits of research training for individual veterinary anatomic and clinical pathologists. Some of the training models discussed include combined and sequential diagnostic residency and research degree training, and nondegree research fellowship programs. It outlines the benefits of research training for the pathologist including job opportunities and potential for crafting responsibilities to satisfy personal career interests.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results