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Tillage systems strongly impact nutrient transformations and plant availability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the impacts of conversion of conventional tillage (CT) to no-till (NT) with a mixture of cover crops and green manure as nutrient uptake in a fertilized melon (Cucumis melon) in a semi-arid region of Brazil. Two fields experimental involved randomized blocks design, in a split-plot scheme, with four replication treatments included three types of cover crops and two tillage systems (conventional and no-till). Subsamples of plant cocktails were used to assess the biomass production. Soil samples were analyzed during the melon growth for determination of soil moisture by the frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) probe. Soil solution samples were extracted with ceramic cups from each treatment, and analyzed for determination of TP, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, S and NO3-N. Mobility of these elements was assessed in relation to management and different cover crops. The data showed slight or no strong effect of plant cocktails composition on nutrients dynamics in soil under melon. However, without incorporation of biomass and slower decomposition of residue mulch retained on the surface, risks of leaching losses were lower under NT than CT system. A higher concentration of cations in CT (for example, Ca+2 ~ 42.07 mg L-1) may be attributed to high soil moisture content and faster rate of mineralization of the biomass incorporated. Concentration of P was higher in top soil layers depth in NT system (~ 6.65 mg L-1 at 15 cm) because of the deposition of plant cocktail biomass in soil surface with low SOM contents placement of fertilizer, and possible formation of calcium phosphate with low solubility. Relatively, high concentration of NO3-N (~ 60.16 mg L-1) in CT was attributed to increase in decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) and crop residues incorporated into the soil. Key words: Macronutrient, soil fertility, cover crop, soil management, Cocumis melo, Caatinga.

O cultivo do sorgo em ambientes salinos provoca alterações importantes nos processos fisiológicos que são diretamente relacionados com a produtividadedas plantas.O estudo objetivouavaliar o efeito da irrigação,com água salina,na produtividade, na atividade enzimática e nas trocas gasosas emvariedades de sorgo granífero. Três variedades de sorgo foram submetidas a frações de lixiviaçãocom água salina com condutividade elétrica de 4,19 dS m-1, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Foram avaliadas as variáveis distribuição de sais no solo, taxa de fotossíntese e transpiração,temperatura foliar,condutância estomática, atividade das enzimas catalase, ascorbato peroxidase e superóxido dismutase,e produtividade de biomassa da parte aérea. A aplicação de frações de lixiviação com água salina proporciona melhor distribuição dos sais no perfil do solo. Plantas de sorgo submetidas a irrigação com água salina apresentam redução nas trocas gasosas e no estado hídrico das células. A defesa antioxidativafoi ativada em plantas de sorgo cultivadas em ambientes salinos para evitar o acúmulo de espécies reativas de oxigênio, sendo que o sincronismo entre as enzimas refletiu em uma resposta positiva na produtividade das variedades 1011-IPA e Ponta Negra, com aumentos de 126% e 54%, respectivamente, na produtividade de grãos com a aplicação de lâminas de lixiviação.A utilização de água salina com condutividade elétrica média de 4,19 dS m-1é uma alternativa viável para o cultivo irrigado das variedades 1011-IPA e Ponta Negra em Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-22T15:05:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Parametros-bioquimicos-fisiologicos-e-produtividade-de-sorgo-granifero-irrigado-com-agua-salina-2022.pdf: 488563 bytes, checksum: 9b184fe9eca041284950e70a6a3adcf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of leaching fraction on the biometric and production characteristics and technological quality of the juice of sugarcane varieties grown in saline soil in the Brazilian semiarid region. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three repetitions, in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to two sugarcane cultivation cycles: plant cane and ratoon cane; three sugarcane varieties: RB72454, SP943206 and VAT90212; and, three leaching fractions of irrigation water: 0; 9.1; and 16.6%. Number of living leaves, number of internodes, leaf area, stem diameter, plant height, number of tillers, yield, total soluble solids content (°Brix), percentage of industrial fiber, juice purity, juice Pol%, cane Pol% and total recoverable sugar were evaluated. At the end of the two crop cycles, water use efficiency was determined. The varieties SP943206 and VAT90212 showed higher yield under leaching fraction of irrigation water of 9.1% in both cycles, and higher water use efficiency values were observed for the variety VAT90212. Application of leaching fractions to reduce soil salinity does not promote changes in the technological quality of the sugarcane varieties RB72454, SP943206 and VAT90212. RESUMO Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a influência da fração de lixiviação nas características biométricas, produtivas e na qualidade tecnológica do caldo de variedades de cana-de-açúcar cultivadas em solo salino no Semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 × 3 × 3, sendo dois ciclos de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar: cana planta e cana soca; três variedades de cana-de-açúcar: RB72454, SP943206 e VAT90212; e, três frações de lixiviação da água de irrigação: 0; 9,1; e 16,6%. Avaliou-se número de folhas vivas, número de entrenós, área foliar, diâmetro do colmo, altura da planta, número de perfilhos, produtividade, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (°Brix), porcentagem de fibra industrial, pureza do caldo, Pol% do caldo, Pol% da cana e açúcar total recuperável. Ao final dos dois ciclos da cultura foi determinada a eficiência do uso de água. As variedades SP943206 e VAT90212 demonstraram maior produtividade sob fração de lixiviação da água de irrigação de 9,1% nos dois ciclos e maiores eficiência do uso de água foram observadas na variedade VAT90212. A aplicação de frações de lixiviação para reduzir a salinidade do solo não proporciona alterações na qualidade tecnológica das variedades RB72454, SP943206 e VAT90212 de cana-de-açúcar.

Water deficit and high temperature limit agricultural productivity, affecting plant growth, development, and metabolism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the interaction between water deficit and temperature increase on cowpea production. The experiment was carried out with the cultivar BRS Rouxinol, in growth chambers, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, being four soil water availability (25; 50; 75 and 100% of field capacity) and two daily temperature regimes (T°1: 20-26-33 °C and T°2: 24.8-30.8-37.8 °C). The increase in water availability favored an increase in shoot and root dry mass. The vegetative stage was prolonged in plants maintained at a temperature regime of 24.8-30.8-37.8 °C. The cowpea yield increased with higher water availability. The water availability of 90% was the one that provided the highest water use efficiency. The 4.8°C increase in air temperature promotes an increase in oxidative stress with lack of synchrony in the antioxidative defense system. The cultivar Rouxinol is sensitive to the increase in air temperature and water deficit. However, even with 100% water availability, there was no seed production with an increase in air temperature. Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-08T02:21:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Production-and-biochemical-responses-2021.pdf: 1276135 bytes, checksum: 24ce5ceeae9d564aa2e40c971d941ab1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Resumo Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar aspectos produtivos e de qualidade de meloeiros (Cucumis melo L.) sob diferentes formas de cultivo em Petrolina/PE durante dois ciclos produtivos. Adotou-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com parcelas subsubdivididas em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, sendo, dois híbridos de melão amarelo (Gladial e SF 10/00 F1) nas parcelas, dois arranjos do sistema de irrigação (uma e duas fileiras de gotejadores por fileira de plantas) nas subparcelas, e três tipos de coberturas do solo (mulchings preto e cinza e sem cobertura) nas subsubparcelas, com seis repetições. Foram avaliados, comprimento, largura e número total e comercial de frutos, produtividade, uso eficiente da água, sólidos solúveis totais, firmeza e acidez da polpa. Os maiores índices de produtividade, uso eficiente da água e número de frutos comerciais foram obtidos com o uso de mulching (independente da cor) com uma fileira de gotejadores por fileira de plantas. Para os índices pós-colheita os tratamentos não diferiram entre si. Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate productive and quality aspects of melons (Cucumis Melo L.) under different forms of cultivation in Petrolina/PE during two cycles of production. A randomized block design was adopted with sub-divided plots in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial scheme, with two yellow melon hybrids (Gladial and SF 10/00 F1) in the plots, two irrigation system arrangements (one and two rows drippers per row of plants) in the subplots, and three types of soil cover (black and gray mulching and without cover) in the subplots, with six replications. Were evaluated length, width, total and commercial number of fruits, productivity, efficient use of water, total soluble solids, firmness and acidity of the pulp were evaluated. The highest rates of productivity, efficient use of water and number of commercial fruits were obtained with the use of mulching (regardless of color) with a row of drippers per row of plants. For post-harvest rates, the treatments did not differ.

Cowpea planting season is crucial for high yield and should comprise the period of the year that warrants the best climatic conditions for cowpea cultivation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of water availability and temperature on the performance of cowpea cultivars. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using a 4 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, with four replications. Factors included four levels of soil moisture (25, 50, 75, and 100% of water holding capacity), two growing seasons (mild and hot), and five cowpea cultivars (Carijó, Itaim, Pujante, Rouxinol, and Tapahium). The number of pods and seeds per plant, seed production, water use efficiency, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, and physiological parameters were evaluated. Seed production was higher during the mild season than during the hot season and increased linearly with increasing soil water availability. Photosynthetic activity and transpiration were higher during the hot season than during the mild season, with their reduction under a water availability of 25% regardless of the growing season. Total chlorophyll content decreased with excess water. Regardless of water availability, temperature was the most limiting climatic factor for cowpea performance. Cultivars Carijó, Itaim, and Tapahium exhibited a lower reduction in productive potential when grown in the hot season. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-22T17:05:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Temperature-a-major-climatic-determinant-of-cowpea-production-2023.pdf: 662618 bytes, checksum: 3aea222eafa7237faf89efa0ec847a8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar numa escala temporal, os efeitos de doses de biofertilizante sobre as variáveis relacionadas às trocas gasosas e bioquímicas em três variedades de melancia cultivadas em sistema orgânico no semiárido nordestino. O experimento foi conduzido no campo experimental de Bebedouro (CEB) da EMBRAPA Semiárido em Petrolina-PE, com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, num esquema fatorial em parcela subsubdividida (3x6x3), contendo nas parcelas três variedades de melancia (Explorer; Red Heaven, e Majestic); nas subparcelas seis doses de biofertilizante (0; 80; 160; 240; 320 e 400 mL planta-1) e nas subsubparcelas três coletas ao longo do ciclo da cultura (30, 45 e 60 DAS), com quatro repetições. As doses intermediárias, entre 120 e 250 mL planta-1, dobiofertilizante proporcionaram os melhores valores de fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, açúcares solúveis totais e atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato nas variedades de melancia, com destaque para a variedade Explorer. As trocas gasosas e os parâmetros bioquímicos foram superiores na fase inicial e intermediaria do ciclo de cultivo, de 30 e 45 dias após semeadura. Palavras-chave: Citrillus lanatus, fisiologia vegetal, fotossíntese. Made available in DSpace on 2022-10-10T14:08:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trocas-gasosas-e-analises-bioquimicas-em-variedades-2022.pdf: 670161 bytes, checksum: 8fc77dd222fdb9ed63c2fad798f6ca77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Considering that changes in climatic parameters directly interfere in crop yields, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of changes in carbon dioxide concentrations, temperature and soil water availability on production, water-use efficiency and onion (Allium cepa L. cv. IPA 11) quality. Four levels of soil water availability (40, 60, 80 and 100 %) and two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (770 and 390 ppm) were evaluated in three experiments with different temperature regimes (18-24-30, 22-28-34 and 26-32-38 ºC), in Phytotron growth chambers. The water-use efficiency, bulb diameter and weight, shoot dry weight, pulp firmness, soluble solids content, pH and titratable acidity were also evaluated. The increase in temperature reduces the production, and a higher soil water availability increases the production of IPA 11 onion bulbs. The temperature regime of 18-24-30 ºC and the water availability of 76.72 % provide the best water-use efficiency for the onion crop. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-05T17:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Water-use-efficiency-and-onion-quality-2022.pdf: 572990 bytes, checksum: 5d26bfad4be3e031022b6e4dde292689 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

O espaçamento de plantio tem influenciado no crescimento e na produtividade da cultura, podendo variar em função das variedades e do manejo adotado. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os espaçamentos mais eficientes para o cultivo irrigado de duas variedades de sorgo forrageiro no Semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por duas variedades de sorgo forrageiro: Sudão e Volumax; as subparcelas por oito espaçamentos, sendo três espaçamentos com fileira simples: 40x40, 50x50, 60x60 cm e cinco com fileiras duplas: 30x40, 30x50, 30x60, 40x50 e 40x60 cm e as subsubparcelas constituídas por dois ciclos de cultivo. Foram avaliadas: altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo, área foliar e produtividade de biomassa fresca (PMF) e seca (PMS). A variedade Sudão apresentou maior altura de plantas, diâmetro de colmo, área foliar e PMS. Os arranjos de plantio nos espaçamentos de 30x40, 30x60 e 40x50 cm são mais eficientes para a variedade Sudão. Para a variedade Volumax, os arranjos de plantio do tipo fileiras simples com espaçamento de 40 cm entre fileiras e em sistema do tipo fileiras duplas nos espaçamentos de 30x60, 40x50 e 40x60 cm são os mais recomendados. Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-05T19:18:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sorgo-forrageiro-2022.pdf: 758484 bytes, checksum: ea1f986480d4ad2a7be57ad9e5eb9673 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Considering the growing demand for mango to meet the national and international market and the competitiveness among the producing markets, the use of new products and management techniques that improve the potential production in the irrigated areas of the Brazilian northeast can be an important tool for the sustainability of its cultivation. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of doses and periods of application of calcium from Lithothamnium seaweed via fertigation, in two production cycles of ‘Palmer’ mango in the Brazilian semiarid region. The experiment was conducted at the Saúde farm, located in the Projeto Senador Nilo Coelho N-09, in the city of Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five doses of Lithothamnium via fertigation (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 L ha-1), four periods of application (30, 60, 90 and 120 days after flowering) and two production cycles, with three blocks, totaling 120 plots. The variables evaluated were: number of marketable fruits and parthenocarpic fruits per plant, average weight of marketable fruits and parthenocarpic fruits, and marketable fruit production. Application of 12 L per plant of calcium from Lithothamnium promotes a 20% increase in ‘Palmer’ mango yield in the Sub-middle São Francisco Valley. Calcium from Lithothamnium should be applied from the beginning up to 30 days after flowering of ‘Palmer’ mango in the Sub-middle São Francisco Valley. The effect of the application of calcium from Lithothamnium seaweed on ‘Palmer’ mango production varies according to doses and production cycles. RESUMO Considerando a crescente demanda pela manga para atender ao mercado nacional e internacional e a competitividade entre os mercados produtores, o uso de novos produtos e técnicas de manejo que melhore o potencial produtivo nas áreas irrigadas do nordeste brasileiro pode ser uma importante ferramenta para sustentabilidade do cultivo da mesma. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de doses e períodos de aplicação de cálcio proveniente das algas marinhas Lithothamnium via fertirrigação, em dois ciclos de produção da mangueira ‘Palmer’ no semiárido brasileiro. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda Saúde, localizada no Projeto Senador Nilo Coelho N-09, na cidade de Petrolina, PE. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial de 5 × 4 × 2, sendo cinco doses de Lithothamnium via fertirrigação (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20 L ha-1), quatro períodos de aplicação (30; 60; 90 e 120 dias após a floração) em dois ciclos de produção, com três blocos, totalizando 120 parcelas. As variáveis avaliadas foram: número de frutos comerciais e de manguitos por planta, peso médio dos frutos comerciais e de manguitos, e produção comercial de frutos. A dose de 12 L por planta de cálcio proveniente do Lithothamnium proporciona um incremento de 20% na produtividade da mangueira ‘Palmer’ no Vale do Submédio do São Francisco. A aplicação do cálcio proveniente do Lithothamnium deve ser realizada do início até 30 dias após a floração da mangueira ‘Palmer’, no Vale do Submédio São Francisco. O efeito da aplicação do cálcio proveniente das algas marinhas Lithothamnium sobre a produção da mangueira ‘Palmer’ varia em função das doses e dos ciclos produtivos.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:48:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Knowledge of the physiological mechanisms in saline environment may boost sugarcane breeding programmes targeting abiotic stresses. Our hypothesis is that the physiology of Saccharum genotypes responds differently under salt stress. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the physiological performance of Saccharum complex genotypes grown under presence and absence of saline stress. The experimental design used was randomized blocks arranged in a 32 × 2 factorial scheme (32 genotypes × 2 salinity levels). The presence of salinity provided higher mean values for photosynthetic rate in genotypes G4, G18, G22, G25 and G29 compared with the environment without salinity, with mean values (17.26, 21.49, 24.22 and 26.19 µmol CO2m−2s−1), respectively, for internal CO2 concentration in G2, G6, G9, G14, G17, G19, G23 and G29, with mean values (323.45, 399.64, 386.88, 412.14, 366.31, 250.48, 379.10 and 380.75 µmol CO2 mol air−1), respectively, for transpiration in G18, G24, G25 and G29, with mean values (5.05, 3.30, 4.39 and 4.01 mmol H2O m−2s−1), respectively, and for chlorophyll content in G3, G5, G6, G8, G10, G13, G20, G22, G23, G25, G31 and G32, with mean values (34.18, 43.01, 38.08, 32.38, 37.09, 37.18, 32.47, 38.38, 38.04, 36.95 and 33.32 SPAD units) respectively. Genotypes that under salt stress increase their physiological performance demonstrate superiority over others and should be considered in breeding programmes. Photosynthesis and transpiration is the most adequate combination for screening, but the spad index is the most viable tool because of its ease of determination and cost. Embrapa Semiárido Embrapa Milho e Sorgo Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” CNPq: 334 303767/2020-0

Salt stress is one of the most limiting environmental factors for agricultural yields in the Semiarid region of Brazil. Considering the expansion of areas with sugarcane crops in this region, the selection of more adapted plant varieties to this environment is an essential tool for the sustainability of this activity. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of plants of ten sugarcane varieties to salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design, in a 6×10 factorial arrangement consisting of six salinity levels in the irrigation water (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dS m-1) and ten sugarcane varieties (VAT 90212, RB 72454, RB 867515, Q 124, RB 961003, RB 957508, SP 791011, RB 835089, RB 92579, and SP 943206), with three replications. Salt waters were applied every two days to increase the soil moisture to field capacity and promote leaching. The gas exchange, chlorophyll content, and total soluble and reducing sugars of leaves were evaluated at 90 days after planting. The highest chlorophyll contents were found in plants of the varieties Q 124, RB 96103, RB 835089, and SP 943206. The effect of salinity on the sugarcane plants affected their leaf gas exchanges and total soluble and reducing sugar contents, denoting the adaptability of plants to the stress conditions evaluated. The decrease of stomatal conductance resulted in decreases in photosynthetic rates in plants of all sugarcane varieties evaluated, except for RB 867515. RESUMO O estresse salino é um dos fatores ambientais que mais limitam a produtividade agrícola no semiárido brasileiro. Considerando-se a expansão da área de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar nesta região, a seleção de variedades cada vez mais adaptadas a este meio ambiente torna-se uma ferramenta fundamental para sua sustentabilidade. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas de dez variedades de cana-de-açúcar submetidas à salinidade. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 6 x 10, com seis níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 dS m-1) e dez variedades de cana-de-açúcar (VAT 90212, RB 72454, RB 867515, Q 124, RB 961003, RB 957508, SP 791011, RB 835089, RB 92579 e SP 943206), com três repetições. As águas salinas foram aplicadas a cada dois dias a fim de elevar a umidade do solo à capacidade de campo e promover lixiviação. Aos 90 dias após o plantio foram avaliadas as trocas gasosas, o teor de clorofila e os açucares solúveis totais e redutores das folhas. Os maiores teores de clorofila foram obtidos nas variedades Q 124, RB 96103, RB 835089 e SP 943206. O efeito da salinidade sobre as variedades de cana-de-açúcar influenciou na variação das trocas gasosas, no teor de açúcares solúveis totais e açúcares redutores, demonstrando uma adaptabilidade da planta às condições de estresse submetida. A redução da condutância estomática resultou na diminuição das taxas fotossintéticas de todas as variedades de cana-de-açúcar avaliadas, exceto a RB 867515.

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and fermentative potential of silage of the forage sorghum Ponta Negra irrigated with saline water. The bromatological characteristics, losses and fermentative profile of sorghum silages were observed. For the bromatological characteristics of the sorghum plant, a decreasing linear behavior was observed for the contents of dry matter and organic matter while a positive linear effect was verified for crude protein and mineral matter as the leaching fractions were increased (P < 0.05). A quadratic behavior was observed for nonfibrous carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and cellulose (P < 0.05). The pH values showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) with lower pH values observed at 15 days of silo opening for water depths of 10 and 15%. Regarding the silages, the leaching fractions provided differences (P < 0.05) for dry matter recovery, gas loss and effluent loss. A negative linear behavior for the contents of dry matter and organic matter and an increasing linear effect for mineral matter (P < 0.05). The highest concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen were observed when irrigation was performed with a 10% saline water depth (P < 0.05). Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-01T00:42:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nutritionalandfermentativeprofile2019.pdf: 1675950 bytes, checksum: 1cf981b11b47ec67b523ada10088b831 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 On-line

The objective of this study was to identify sorghum varieties that have growth and grain yield potential under saline conditions. The study was conducted in 2016 at a greenhouse of the Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil (9° 8’ 8.9’’ S, 40° 18’ 33.6’’ W, and altitude of 373 m). A randomized block experimental design, with a 6 × 5 factorial arrangement, and three replications was used. The treatments consisted of six grain sorghum varieties (1011-IPA, 2502-IPA, 2564-IPA, 2600-IPA, Ponta Negra, and Qualimax), and five salinity levels of the irrigation water (ECw = 0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 dS m-1). Plant height, stem diameter, dry matter yield, width and length of the +3 leaf, total leaf area, water use efficiency, and grain yield were evaluated. The sorghum varieties 2502-IPA and 1011-IPA presented the highest grain yields when using an ECw of 6.0 dS m-1, followed by Ponta Negra, Qualimax, and 2600-IPA. The 2564-IPA, 2600-IPA, and Qualimax varieties were more sensitive to the salinity effects, with reductions of 50% of the production with ECw of 3.52, 2.75, and 4.38 dS m-1, respectively. RESUMO Objetivou-se com o presente estudo identificar variedades de sorgo granífero com maior potencial de crescimento e produção de grãos sob condições salinas. O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação localizada na sede da Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE (9° 8’ 8,9” S 40° 18’ 33,6” O, 373 m de altitude), no ano de 2016. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com esquema fatorial 6 x 5, com seis variedades de sorgo granífero (1011-IPA, 2502-IPA, 2564-IPA, 2600-IPA, Ponta Negra e Qualimax) irrigadas com água salina com cinco níveis de salinidade (CEa = 0; 1,5; 3,0; 6,0 e 12,0 dS m-1), em três repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, produção de massa seca, largura e comprimento da folha +3, área foliar total, eficiência do uso da água e produção de grãos. As variedades de sorgo 2502-IPA e 1011-IPA apresentaram as maiores produções de grãos quando usando uma CEa de 6.0 dS m-1, seguida por Ponta Negra, Qualimax e 2600-IPA. As variedades 2564-IPA, 2600-IPA e Qualimax foram mais sensitivas aos efeitos da salinidade, com reduções de 50% na produção com CEa de 3,52, 2,75 e 4,38 dS m-1, respectivamente.

Buscando minimizar os efeitos sazonais nas plantas cultivadas em diferentes épocas, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar as respostas de produtividade e pós-colheita do melão ?pele de sapo? submetido à lâminas de irrigação e doses de bioestimulante em diferentes períodos no Semiárido brasileiro. As parcelas foram as lâminas de irrigação: 60; 80; 100; e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), as subparcelas foram cinco doses do bioestimulante Stimulate®: 0; 0,6; 1,2; 2,4 e 4,8 L ha-1, e as subsubparcelas foram dois períodos de cultivo: quente e frio. Foram avaliadas as variáveis produtividade total e comercial, peso médio do fruto comercial, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), pH, acidez total titulável (ATT) e firmeza de polpa (FP). A dose de 4,8 L ha-1 com a lâmina de 120% da ETc, no período quente, promoveram melhores condições de desenvolvimento e, consequentemente, um maior incremento na produtividade quando comparado com o período frio do semiárido brasileiro. A qualidade dos frutos foi influenciada pelo maior teor de SST no período quente e ATT no período frio, submetida à dose de 4,8 L ha-1 do Stimulate® e às lâminas abaixo de 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-23T12:05:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SAZONALIDADE-DA-PRODUTIVIDADE.pdf: 611634 bytes, checksum: 9e0fcf5c4516f1307f93bc5b47b7706c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 Edição Especial. Nordeste.

Considerando a grande expressão econômica da produção de manga (Mangifera indica L.) para a agricultura brasileira e a dependência da irrigação, que viabiliza o cultivo no semiárido, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho identificar a lâmina de irrigação adequada para o cultivo da manga ?Kent? no semiárido brasileiro. O experimento foi conduzido em campo aberto da Fazenda Special Fruit, no município de Petrolina (PE), utilizando o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo quatro plantas por parcela experimental, com duas plantas úteis. Os tratamentos consistiram em lâminas de irrigação de 60, 80, 100 e 120% de evapotranspiração da cultura recomendada (ETc). Foram avaliados os parâmetros de produção de frutos, qualidade (teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável total, firmeza), fisiologia (fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração e temperatura foliar) e análise econômica, considerando os custos fixos, variáveis e a receita obtida, em função dos tratamentos. A estimativa de maior produtividade da mangueira ?Kent? foi de 36,4 e 31,0 t ha-1 , para os dois ciclos avaliados, sob uma lâmina de irrigação de aproximadamente 82% da ETc. A maior condutância estomática nas folhas da manga ?Kent? foi obtida com lâmina de irrigação de 79,28% da ETc. A redução na lâmina de irrigação aplicada em até 60% da ETc proporcionou maior eficiência de uso da água no cultivo da mangueira ?Kent?; no entanto, a maior receita líquida foi obtida com a lâmina de 80% da ETc. Made available in DSpace on 2021-04-02T02:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Producao-e-qualidade-da-mangueira-2021.pdf: 492186 bytes, checksum: ec12502cacbeb3062efefb3ccfd3ab9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Salinity is one of the factors that most limit agricultural yield in the Brazilian semi-arid region. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the leaf gas exchange and biometric characteristics of accessions of the Saccharum complex subjected to salt stress. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, installed at Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with the treatments represented by 19 accessions belonging to different genera/species, being 10 accessions of Saccharum officinarum (BGCN 6, BGCN 91, BGCN 104, BGCN 127, BCGN 90, BGCN 101, BGCN 102, BGCN 118, BGCN 125 and BGCN 122), two accessions of Saccharum spp. (BGCN 87 and BGCN 89), one accession of Saccharum hybridum (BGCN 88), one accession of Saccharum robustum (BGCN 94), four accessions of Erianthus arundinaceus (BGCN 117, BGCN 119, BGCN 120 and BGCN 123) and one accession of Miscanthus spp., with three repetitions. Biometric characteristics, chlorophyll index and leaf gas exchange of the accessions were evaluated when they were subjected to irrigation with salinized water (6.0 dS m-1). E. arundinaceus accessions (BGCN 120 and BGCN 123) showed the highest photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, plant height and leaf length, indicating greater adaptability to salt stress and could be promising in breeding programs. Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-20T20:02:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Characterization-and-gas-exchange-2021.pdf: 2044094 bytes, checksum: b55e2e8a566f5e2e7e32aecbed54e716 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The objective was to evaluate the effects of water depths and irrigation frequencies on structural responses, forage yield and chemical composition of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw), in adensed crop system. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in subdivided plots (3x4) with 4 replicates. The water depths were (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of ETc - crop evapotranspiration) and three water application frequencies (7; 14 and 28 days between irrigations). There was interaction for water use efficiency (WUE) and plant dry mass. Increasing water depths reduced WUE for all irrigation frequencies and plant dry mass was lower for 7 days compared to 14 and 28 days in 25% ETc. Greater water depths increased linearly the plant height and plant width. First and second order cladode length, second order cladode dry mass (kg), fresh mass yield (FMY) (kg ha-1) and dry mass yield (DMY) (kg ha-1) had a quadratic response with the increase in water depth. The FMY and DMY increased up to 77% and 75% ETc, respectively. Irrigation frequency (28 days) promoted greater first order cladode length and cladode dry mass compared to 7 days. Cladode thickness in plant and basal cladode thickness were greater for 7 days compared to 28 days and 14 and 28 days, respectively, without influence on FMY and DMY. Irrigation frequencies from 7 to 28 days promotes similar forage production and water depths up to 77% ETc favors the forage yield for spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana receiving supplemental irrigation. Made available in DSpace on 2021-04-07T12:34:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Forage-yield-structural-responses-2021.pdf: 820864 bytes, checksum: 7fcf7b9c739af57e660d03cf0cf44e22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Water deficit and high temperatures are abiotic factors that most limit plant growth and development. However, its effects depend on crop development stage and on stress duration and intensity. Thus, the objective of was to evaluate the development of cowpea subjected to water restriction in different phenological stages and to increase in air temperature. The experiment was conducted with the cultivar ?Carijó?, in growth chambers, in a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to levels of water availability (25, 50, 75, and 100%,), phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and pod filling) and temperature regimes (T°1: 20-26-33 °C e T°2: 24.8-30.8-37.8 °C), respectively. Reduction of water availability in the vegetative and flowering stages caused decrease in grain production. The percentage of aborted flowers was higher in plants maintained under an increased temperature of +4.8 °C, with consequent reduction in grain production. Higher water availability values favored shoot and root dry mass production. Increase of 4.8 °C did not affect shoot and root dry mass but reduced water use efficiency by about 83%. The highest enzymatic activities of CAT, GPX and SOD were found in plants subjected to the temperature of +4.8 °C. Only APX showed lower enzymatic activity with increasing temperature. The cv. ?Carijó? is more sensitive to the 4.8 °C increase in air temperature than to water deficits. Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-20T20:02:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Water-restriction-in-different-2021.pdf: 1142273 bytes, checksum: 46dffe23a757c1af4b29f6bc6de9b32b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o cultivo da palma forrageira Gigante (Opuntia ficus indica) irrigada com esgoto doméstico tratado, nas condições edafoclimáticas do Território do Sisal, no Semiárido brasileiro.O experimento foi conduzido no Instituto Federal Baiano, campus Serrinha-Ba. A área experimental foi constituída de dez blocos inteiramente casualizados, com três tratamentos: ((i) irrigado com esgoto doméstico tratado; (ii) irrigado com água de chuva; e (iii) sem irrigação (sequeiro). A palma forrageira foi implantada em fileiras duplas com espaçamento 3 x 1 x 0,5m, totalizando 360 plantas na área. O sistema de Irrigação utilizado foi o localizado com gotejadores auto-compensantes e turno de rega fixo, aplicando 0,5 litros de água por planta por semana. Apesar do tempo de avaliação não ser suficiente para determinar a eficiência da irrigação com esgoto doméstico tratado, no cultivo da palma forrageira no Território do Sisal, é possível concluir-se que o aporte de nutrientes no solo advindo do uso da água residuária desperta atenção para a necessidade do monitoramento continuo do solo nessas condições de cultivo. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-22T18:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uso-de-esgoto-domestico-na-producao-da-palma-forrageira.pdf: 904997 bytes, checksum: fa4c33aee59a4a9bd6d5901ff29abb71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

FISIOLOGIA, PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS DA MANGUEIRA ‘TOMMY ATKINS’ SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO WELSON LIMA SIMÕES1; VICTOR PIMENTA MARTINS DE ANDRADE2; MARIA APARECIDA DO CARMO MOUCO3; JUCICLÉIA SOARES DA SILVA4; NILDO DA SILVA DIAS5 E PEDRO PAULO BEZERRA FERREIRA6 1 Pesquisador – Embrapa Semiárido. BR 428, Km 152, CEP: 56302-970, Petrolina-PE welson.simoes@embrapa.br 2 Engenheiro agrônomo – IF Sertão/PE. BR 428, CEP: 56380-000, Santa Maria da Boa Vista-PE. victor.pimenta@ifsertao-pe.edu.br 3 Pesquisadora – Embrapa Semiárido. BR 428, Km 152, CEP: 56302-970, Petrolina-PE. maria.mouco@embrapa.br 4 Pós-doutoranda – Embrapa Semiárido. BR 428, Km 152, CEP: 56302-970, Petrolina-PE. jucicleiass@gmail.com 5 Docente, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, BR 116, km 47, 572, Costa e Silva, CEP: 59625-900, Mossoró-RN. nildo@ufersa.edu.br 6 Doutorando em Botânica – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900, Recife-PE. pedropbfbio@gmail.com 1 RESUMO Considerando a grande expressão econômica na produtividade da manga para a agricultura brasileira e a dependência da irrigação, que viabiliza o seu elevado cultivo no semiárido, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de arranjos de sistemas de irrigação na fisiologia, produtividade e qualidade dos frutos da mangueira cultivar ‘Tommy Atkins’ no Semiárido brasileiro. Foram testados quatro arranjos do sistema de irrigação (um microaspersor sob a copa – MPP; um microaspersor entre plantas – MEP; duas linhas laterais com gotejadores por fileira de planta - G2L e uma faixa de gotejo em formato de anel ou espiral - GRP ao redor da planta) sob um delineamento em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro arranjos como parcelas e dois ciclos produtivos como subparcelas, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados os parâmetros fisiológicos (temperatura foliar, fotossíntese, transpiração e condutância estomática), de produção (número e produtividade e peso médio de frutos) e parâmetros da qualidade (densidade, volume, firmeza da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável). As mangueiras submetidas aos tratamentos GRP e G2L apresentaram maior condutância estomática e melhores índices de qualidade e produção de frutos em relação aos arranjos MEP e MPP, exceto para os sólidos solúveis totais. Palavras-chave: manga, irrigação localizada, fitotecnia. SIMÕES, W. L; ANDRADE, V. P. M. de; MOUCO, M. A. do C.; SILVA, J. S. da; DIAS, N. da S.; FERREIRA, P. P. B. PHISIOLOGY, PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF ‘TOMMY ATKINS’ MANGO FRUITS UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 2 ABSTRACT Considering the great economic expression in the productivity of mango for Brazilian agriculture and the dependence on irrigation, which enables its high cultivation in the semiarid region, the objective was to evaluate the influence of irrigation system arrangements on the physiology, productivity and quality of the mango fruit cultivate 'Tommy Atkins' in the Brazilian Semiarid. Four arrangements of the irrigation system were tested (a micro sprinkler under the canopy - MPP; a micro sprinkler between plants - MEP; two lateral lines with drippers per row of plant - G2L and a drip band in the shape of a ring or spiral - GRP around of the plant) under a split plot design, with four arrangements as plots and two production cycles as subplots, with five replications. Physiological parameters (leaf temperature, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance), production (number and productivity and average fruit weight) and quality parameters (density, volume, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and total acidity) were evaluated titratable). The hoses submitted to the GRP and G2L treatments showed higher stomatal conductance and better quality and fruit production indexes in relation to the MEP and MPP arrangements, except for the total soluble solids. Keywords: mango, localized irrigation, plant breeding.

The fruit market search for more efficient production systems, this research aimed to identify an arrangement of efficient irrigation systems for the productive and postharvest characteristics of ?Kent? mango fruits, under the conditions of the Brazilian semiarid. The research was performed in an agricultural property in the municipality of Petrolina-PE, with the soil classified in Quartzarenic Neosol. Four irrigation system arrangements were tested: a micro sprinkler below the canopy; a micro sprinkler between plants; two lateral dripper lines per row of plant; and a ring-shaped drip strip around the plant in a randomized block design with five repetitions. The productive characteristics were evaluated, such as number and average weight of fruits and productivity; and qualitative parameters (evaluated by plant quadrant): volume, density, firmness, soluble solids content and titratable acidity. A micro sprinkler between plants provided a greater number of fruits and productivity, as well as greater firmness and titratable acidity for mangoes of the South and West quadrants; these characteristics associated with the lowest soluble solids content of the pulp, at the time of harvest, was also obtained with a micro sprinkler between plants and induce a longer post harvest time to the fruits Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-18T17:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Production-and-post-harvest-of-Kent-mango-under-different-irrigation-systems-2020.pdf: 313519 bytes, checksum: 238fcc8c211933f10c76efb5ceaf31e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The paclobutrazol has been widely used to stimulate the flowering of mango trees, regulating vegetative growth and promoting changes in photosynthetic activity and in the production of photoassimilates. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of forms and doses of PBZ on the biochemical and physiological variables of mango, cultivar ?Tommy Atkins,? in the Brazilian semiarid region. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 5 x 2 + 1 factorial design with the first factor was paclobutrazol doses applied by irrigation (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g a.i.-1, linear canopy); the second factor was two phases of collection (vegetative and flowering), and an additional treatment (control) with the application of a dose in the conventional form (2.0 g a.i.-1 linear canopy applied manually by haul), and four replications. The variables analyzed were levels of total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total amino acids, total soluble proteins, liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and leaf temperature. The application of PBZ by fertigation proved more efficient than the conventional application, allowing a greater assimilation of the product by the plant and the reduction of the dose. Most biochemical characteristics showed the highest values by applying lower doses of paclobutrazol. The increase in paclobutrazol doses applied by irrigation system reduced the gas exchange of the ?Tommy Atkins? cultivar. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-27T09:02:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Physiological-and-biochemical-aspects-2020.pdf: 828930 bytes, checksum: 56f1bbbdbadda569856b7c2480516f6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The growth and yield of sunflower plants can be influenced by the plant population arrangement and the type of irrigation system adopted to meet the water requirements of the crop. This study examines the influence of different irrigation systems and spacings between planting rows on the development of sunflower cultivars for the sub-middle region of São Francisco Valley. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement in which the plots consisted of three irrigation systems (drip, micro-sprinkler and sprinkler); sub-plots were represented by three spacings between planting rows (0.65, 0.55 and 0.45 m); and sub-sub-plots corresponded to two sunflower cultivars (Hélio 251 and Hélio 360). The following variables were analyzed: plant height; number of leaves; stem diameter; number of heads; head diameter; dry biomass of stems, leaves and heads; and achene yield. The different irrigation systems and row spacings markedly influenced the growth of the sunflower cultivars. The highest yield of cultivar Hélio 251 was obtained with the drip irrigation system and 0.55 m spacing. Cultivar Hélio 360 achieved the highest yields when irrigated by the micro-sprinkler system at 0.55 and 0.45 m spacing. In the sprinkler irrigation system, cultivar Hélio 360 obtained the highest yield at 0.45 m spacing. O crescimento e a produtividade de plantas de girassol podem ser influenciados pelo arranjo populacional de plantas e pelo tipo de sistema de irrigação adotado para suprir as necessidades hídricas da cultura. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de irrigação e espaçamentos entre linhas de plantio no desenvolvimento de cultivares de girassol, para a região do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados dispostos em parcelas subsubdivididas, sendo as parcelas três sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento, microaspersão e aspersão), as subparcelas três espaçamentos entre linhas de plantio (0,65; 0,55; e 0,45 m) e as subsubparcelas duas cultivares de girassol (Hélio 251 e Hélio 360). As variáveis analisadas foram: altura de plantas, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, número de capítulos, diâmetro do capítulo, biomassa seca do caule, folhas e capítulos e produtividade de aquênios. Os diferentes sistemas de irrigação e de espaçamento entre linhas influenciaram o crescimento das cultivares de girassol de forma singular. A maior produtividade da cultivar Hélio 251 foi obtida quando submetida ao sistema de irrigação por gotejamento e ao espaçamento de 0,55 m. A cultivar Hélio 360 irrigado pelo sistema de microaspersão, alcançou as maiores produtividades, com os espaçamentos 0,55 m e 0,45 m. No sistema de irrigação por aspersão, a cultivar Hélio 360 expressou maior produtividade no espaçamento de 0,45 m.