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Ear rot caused by the Fusarium species has led to a decline in maize yield and kernel quality worldwide. The changes in the population structure of pathogens and the widespread planting of susceptible maize varieties have exacerbated the occurrence and harm of ear rot in China. Therefore, it is very important to establish the species composition of Fusarium and evaluate the resistance of the main cultivated hybrids. In this study, 366 single conidial isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from three provinces of Northeast China. F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, and F. graminearum species complex (FGSC) were identified, with F. verticillioides being the most prevalent with a frequency of 44.0%. Based on the TEF-1α gene sequences analysis, the FGSC populations consisted of two independent species: F. boothii and F. graminearum, which account for 23.8% and 5.7% of the total isolates, respectively. Additionally, the resistance to ear rot by 97 maize hybrids commonly planted in Northeast China was evaluated by inoculation with F. verticillioides during 2021 and 2022. The results showed that the disease parameters of different hybrids varied significantly (p < 0.05). Approximately half of the hybrids had damage rates ranging from 0 to 15%, and 79.4% of the hybrids had a severity rating of less than 5.5. In total, 49 (50.5%) hybrids were rated as moderately resistant, which was the dominant resistance category, and 71 hybrids (73.2%) were identified as moderately to highly resistant to ear rot. Current research confirms that Fusarium ear rot in maize is mainly caused by F. verticillioides in Northeast China, and many hybrids are resistant to the disease. This study will guide growers to scientifically deploy resistant commercial hybrids to control ear rot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc-oxygen pressure leaching residue contains a large number of valuable metals such as zinc, iron and lead, and rare metals such as silver, gallium, germanium and indium, which has high recycling value. The research progress, advantages and disadvantages of various metal recovery methods in zinc-oxygen pressure leaching residue are analyzed. The opportunities, challenges faced by metal recovery in zinc-oxygen pressure leaching residue and the future development are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current spacecraft is always equipped with large flexible appendages and payloads, and the high-precision attitude control is therefore a challenging problem. This paper addresses the robust $$H_{\infty }$$ output feedback control to achieve attitude stabilization of a flexible spacecraft. The Lagrange-like model of attitude dynamics is firstly proposed. Then a LMI-based output feedback controller is designed in the presence of disturbances. The stability of closed-loop system is discussed by the Lyapunov method. To deal with the model uncertainties, the convex optimization algorithm is presented. Numerical simulations are finally provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]