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Aspertaichunol A (b1/b), a polyketide with a novel scaffold, was isolated from the medicinal insect (iPeriplaneta americana/i)-derived endophyticiAspergillus taichungensis/iSMU01. Its structure was assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical computational methods. Notably,b1/bpossesses an uncommon tricyclo[6.2.0.0sup2,6/sup]decane motif and an unusual bridgehead double bond (anti-Bredt system). A plausible biosynthetic pathway, involving a key intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition and a reductive cyclization, is postulated. Finally, the immunomodulatory activity ofb1/bat 20 nM was evaluated by promoting Th9 cell differentiation from naive CD4sup+/supCD62Lsup+/supT cells.

To investigate the expression of CD47 molecules in patients with newly diagnosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its correlation with clinical prognosis.20 patients with acute myeloid leukemia diagnosed in Shanghai Fengxian District Central hospital from April 2020 to October 2021 and 5 cases with non malignant hematological diseases in the control group were collected, and the expression of CD47 in single nuclear cells of bone marrow and peripheral blood was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Combined with the blood image, bone marrow smears, flow cytometry, chromosome and gene detection, ECOG score, etc. during the patient's initial diagnosis, the relationship between the patient's prognosis and CD47 was evaluated.The expression of CD47 in bone marrow (P=0.0115) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P=0.0069) in new diagnosis AML patients was significantly higher than that of controls. In bone marrow mononuclear cells, the total survival time of patients with high CD47 expression was less than that of CD47 low expression patients (P=0.036). There was statistical significance in difference stratification group (P=0.012), but there was no statistical significance between CD47 expression and survival time in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P=0.116). There were no statistical significance between bone marrow mononuclear cell CD47 expression and gene mutation fusion genes related to leukemia , CD34The high expression of bone marrow mononuclear cell CD47 in AML patients indicates poorer survival and higher risk of recurrence.CD47分子在初诊成人急性髓系白血病患者中的表达及与临床预后的相关性.探讨CD47分子在初诊成人急性髓系白血病（AML）患者中的表达及其与临床预后的相关性.选择2020年4月-2021年10月上海市奉贤区中心医院诊断明确的AML患者20例，另5例非恶性血液病患者作为对照组。实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）检测骨髓、外周血单个核细胞CD47的表达。结合患者初诊时血象、骨髓涂片、流式细胞术、染色体及基因检测、ECOG评分等情况，评价患者预后与CD47表达的关系.与对照组比较，初诊AML患者骨髓（P=0.0115）及外周血单个核细胞（P=0.0069）中CD47表达明显升高。在骨髓单个核细胞中，CD47高表达患者总的生存时间短于CD47 低表达患者（P=0.036），不同危险分层患者的生存率差异有统计学意义（P=0.012），但在外周血单个核细胞中CD47表达高、低的患者生存时间比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.116）。骨髓单个核细胞CD47表达高低组在白血病相关基因突变、存在融合基因、CD34骨髓单个核细胞CD47在AML患者中表达升高，提示更差的生存和更高的复发风险.

In this work, a novel 4-aminophenylarsonic acid functionalized polyoxovanadates (POVs) hybrid material, namely, (Me2NH2)4 ·[(L)8(H12V16O32)] (H2L = 4-NH2C6H4AsO3H2) POVs 1 was solvothermally synthesized and fully characterized. The results revealed POVs 1 consists of four similar tetranuclear vanadium clusters bridged by eight organic 4-aminophenylarsonic acid ligands. Remarkably, functionalized hybrid POVs 1 was further investigated as a heterogeneous stable catalyst in oxidation of sulfide derivatives, and exhibited high catalytic activities (yields up to 96.7%). Additionally, the functionalized hybrid polyoxovanadates catalyst can be reused without losing activities after three runs cycle.

With the increasing interest in polyoxometalates (POMs) materials over the past few decades, scientific researchers have focused their attention on the fruitful utilization of POMs hybrids as efficient catalysts in many organic reactions. In this paper, dipyridine amine (dpa) organic ligand hybrid polyoxomolybdate material was solvothermally synthesized and structurally identified by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum. Structural refinement of the hybrid polyoxomolybdate compound 1 with general formula [Hdpa]4Mo8O26 · 2DMF (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) shows that compound 1 presents in the space group P-1 with triclinic system, and is built up from a well-known β-[Mo8O26]4– anionic cluster, four free protonated dpa cations and two free DMF molecules. Remarkably, the β-Mo8O26-based hybrid material was further applied as the catalyst in the conversion of sulfides utilizing hydrogen peroxide (30%) as green terminal oxidant and exhibited efficient catalytic activities for selective oxidation of sulfides.

Quantifying the uncertainties caused by resistance parameterizations is fundamental for understanding, improving, and developing terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) models. Using high-density eddy covariance (EC) tower observations in a heterogeneous oasis in northwest China, this study evaluates the impacts of resistances on the estimation of latent heat flux (LE), the energy equivalent of ET, by comparing resistance parameterizations with different complexities under one- and two-source Penman–Monteith (PM) equations. The results showed that the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) for the LE estimates from the one- and two-source PM equations varied from 32% to 53%, and the uncertainties were caused mainly by the resistance parameterizations. Calibrating the parameters required in the resistance estimations could improve the performance of the PM equations; specifically, the MAPEs for the one-source PM equations were approximately 16%, whereas they were 38% for the two-source PM equations, emphasizing that multiple resistances result in increased uncertainties. The following conclusions were reached: 1) the empirical and biophysical parameters required in resistance estimations were responsible for the uncertainty; 2) increasingly complex resistance parameterizations resulted in greater uncertainties in LE estimates; and 3) models without resistance parameterizations exhibited reduced uncertainties in LE estimates.

To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 40 children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and provide ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.The clinical characteristics, risk stratification, and different treatment regimens of 40 cases with MDS admitted in Department of Hematology of Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curve were used to estimate 3-year overall survival (OS) rate and event-free survival (EFS) rate.In 40 cases, the ratio of male to female was 1.4∶1.0, male was more than female, and median age was 6.0 years old. Among them, refractory cytopenia (MDS-RCC) was the most common type, and 11 cases were chromosomal abnormalities, 21 cases genetic abnormalities. Fifteen cases accepted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treatment, while 25 cases did not but drug therapy alone. The 3-year OS rate of the cases who accepted HSCT or not was (72.2±12.2)% and (35.3±10.2)% (P=0.039), 3-year EFS rate was (65.0±12.9)% and (19.2±8.4)% (P=0.012), respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that age7 years old (P=0.0333), initial diagnosed platelet50×10MDS-RCC in children is more common. Cox multivariate analysis shows that age7 years old, initial diagnosed platelet50×10儿童骨髓增生异常综合征临床特点和预后分析.分析40例儿童骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）的临床特点及预后，为临床诊疗提供参考.回顾性总结苏州大学附属儿童医院血液科2011年1月1日至2017年12月31日收治的40例初诊为MDS患儿的临床特点、危险分层和不同治疗方案对预后的影响。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析患儿3年总生存率和无事件生存率.40例患儿中，男女比例1.4∶1.0，男性略多于女性，中位年龄6.0岁。其中儿童难治性血细胞减少症是最常见类型，染色体异常11例，合并基因异常12例。接受造血干细胞移植（HSCT）15例，未进行HSCT而行单纯药物治疗25例。接受HSCT治疗和非HSCT治疗的3年总生存率分别为（72.2±12.2）%和（35.3±10.2）%（P=0.039），无事件生存率分别为（65.0±12.9）%和（19.2±8.4）%（P=0.012）。COX回归分析显示，年龄7岁（P=0.033）、初诊血小板50×10儿童MDS以儿童难治性血细胞减少症多见。COX多因素分析显示，年龄7岁、初诊血小板50×10

Quadratus lumborum (QL) block has shown promising analgesic efficacy in the adult population in previous meta-analyses. However, the response of the pediatric group to pain stimulation is stronger than that in the adult population, and the management of pediatric pain is constrained by limited available analgesia agents. All data analyzed during this study are collected from published articles.The purpose of our systematic review was to evaluate whether QL block is also an effective postoperative analgesic technique, compared to other analgesic skills in pediatric patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery.A meta-analysis.We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Science Direct to compare QL block with other analgesic methods for relief of postoperative pain in pediatric patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia. The primary outcome was the rate of postoperative rescue analgesia; secondary outcomes include: pain scores at 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively, patient satisfaction, and block related complications.A total of 7 studies with 346 patients were included. QL block showed a significant reduction in the rate of postoperative rescue analgesia in the first 24 hours (RR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.59; P0.001) compared to other analgesic techniques, without significant heterogeneity among the articles (I2 = 49%, P = 0.08). Compared with other analgesic methods, QL block significantly reduced the pain scores at 2 hours (Std.MD = -0.76; 95% CI = -1.16 to -0.35; P0.001) (I20.001%, P = 0.41), 4 hours (Std.MD = -0.34; 95% CI = -0.67 to -0.01; P = 0.04) (I20.001%, P = 0.53) and 12 hours postoperatively (Std.MD = -0.95; 95% CI = -1.44 to -0.47; P0.001) (I2 = 27%, P = 0.24). No significant differences were found between techniques at 30 minutes and 1, 6, or 24 hours postoperatively (P0.05). There was no statistically significant change in patient satisfaction (Std.MD = 0.49; 95% CI = -0.32 to 1.29; P = 0.24) or side effects (RD = -0.02; 95% CI = -0.06 to 0.02; P = 0.31) with QL block.The major limitation of this meta-analysis is the relatively few RCTs and limited results included. Similarly, the differences in block approaches among the control groups (TAP, ESP, caudal block, opioid-based analgesia), drug types and concentrations, and multimodal analgesia programs led to considerable heterogeneity. Furthermore, some relevant outcomes were not investigated.Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests QL block use for the pediatric population undergoing lower abdominal surgery, based on the current limited research evidence, as this method was an effective postoperative analgesic technique.

Ethnopharmacological relevance ‘Ershiwuwei Shanhu’ Pill (ESP) is a classic Tibetan medicine to treat neurological disorders in nervous system, especially for neurological pains and epilepsy. It contains many Tibet-specific mineral medicines, among which Halloysite (Halloysitum rubrum, HR) was regarded as the main active one. As mineral medicines contain heavy metals with poor solubility, the doubts about its safety restricted its clinical application and further development. Aim of the study A 7-day acute toxicity of ESP and its main active mineral medicine HR was systematically studied for investigating the safety of ESP and exploring the role of HR in ESP's potential toxicity. Materials and methods In this study, the acute oral toxicity assessment of formula-ESP and HR were performed on rats for 7 days at doses equivalent to 10 (1 g/kg) and 40 times (4 g/kg) the typical clinical dose (0.1 g/kg). 1H NMR based metabolomics profiling, aided with biochemical analysis and histopathology, was conducted to explore the global metabolic changes in the livers and kidneys of the administrated rats. Results High-dose HR caused oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorders, purine metabolism impairments and amino acid metabolism imbalance in rats, resulting in hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which in accordance with the increased biochemical index in blood (ALT, AST, BUN and CRE). ESP (low-dose) induced metabolites changes were far more less than HR in livers, showcasing the distinct advantage of formula in reducing toxicity. Furthermore, low-dose ESP disturbed renal metabolism in a way similar to high-dose HR, which implies that HR might be the major source of the potential nephrotoxicity of ESP. Conclusion HR exhibited potential hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity, but the formula- ‘Ershiwuwei Shanhu’ Pill which contains HR is considered relatively safe.

Although percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a minimally invasive treatment procedure for the painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, cement leakage into the venous system can occur and early detection and immediate management should be initiated despite the absence of clinical symptoms. We experienced a case of accidental finding of cement fragment extending from paravertebral vein into inferior vena cava and pulmonary artery. We have to be aware of cement leakage through the paravertebral venous drain system under fluorescence. It provided a classic image for cement leakage through the venous circulatory system.

Vascular calcification (VC), the pathological process of hydroxyapatite mineral deposition in the vascular system, is closely associated with aging, atherosclerotic plaque formation, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Studies have shown that VC is related to cellular phenotypic changes, extracellular vesicles, disordered calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and an imbalance between inducers and inhibitors of VC. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective preventive or targeted treatment for pathologic condition. The rapid evolution of omics technology (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) has provided a novel approach for elucidation of pathophysiologic mechanisms in general and those associated with VC specifically. Here, we review articles published over the last twenty years and focus on the current state, challenges, limitations and future of omics in VC research and clinical practice. Highlighting potential targets based on omics technology will improve our understanding of this pathologic condition and assist in the development of potential treatment options for VC related disease.

Methoprene-tolerant 1 (Met1) is a basic-helix-loop-helix Per/Arnt/Sim (bHLH-PAS) protein identified as the intracellular receptor of juvenile hormone (JH). JH induces phosphorylation of Met1; however, the phosphorylation site and outcomes of phosphorylation are not well characterized. In the present study, using the lepidopteran insect and serious agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) as a model, we showed that JH III induced threonine-phosphorylation of Met1 at threonine 393 (Thr393) in the Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) B domain. Thr393-phosphorylation was necessary for Met1 binding to the JH response element (JHRE) to promote the transcription of Kr-h1 (encoding transcription factor Kruppel homolog 1) because Thr393-phosphorylated Met1 increased its interaction with Taiman (Tai) and prevented the Met1-Met1 association. However, JH III could not prevent Met1-Met1 association after Met1-Thr393 was mutated, suggesting that Thr393-phosphorylation is an essential mechanism by which JH prevents Met1-Met1 association. The results showed that JH induces Met1 phosphorylation on Thr393, which prevents Met1-Met1 association, enhances Met1 interaction with Tai, and promotes the binding of Met1-Tai transcription complex to the E-box in the JHRE to regulate Kr-h1 transcription.

Background Postnatal care and growth in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are being increasingly focused on worldwide. However, few data from China have been reported, expecially multicenters. This multicenter study was designed to investigate the problems existing in postnatal care, weight gain and the related risk factors in in-patient ELBW infants. Methods Eligible ELBW infants admitted to involved neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in 2017 in Beijing were studied retrospectively. Except for general early outcomes, Weight Z score and feeding practice related information was caculated, and collected. Growth retardation (GR) was diagnosed if body weight Z score at discharge dropped more than one standard deviation (SD) compared with birth. Results Of our cohort of 137 ELBW infants, 92 infants discharged with medical advice were analyzed. Full enteral feeding reached at 37.0 (27.0, 51.8)days. Exclusive breast milk feeding rate was 30.4% at discharge. All infants had decreased weight Z score, and its change was similar in different weight subgroups. The incidence of GR was 66.3%. Multiple-factor analysis showed the risk factors for GR were small for gestational age(OR 34.768, 95%CI 1.652-731.728), average weight gain rate 28days(OR 6.867, 95%CI 1.211–38.957), P༜0.05. Keeping ELBW infants staying in hospital longer was beneficial to their weight gain (OR = 0.950, 95% CI 0.909–0.993, P

25 flavors of the turquoise pill, a traditional Tibetan medicine for the treatment of various types of hepatitis, has not been investigated on its safety, especially the component mineral turquoise, which is believed to be essential but worried for its potential toxicity.To explore the potential acute toxicity and function of 25 flavors of the turquoise pill and turquoise, the possible mechanism of the effects of turquoise and 25 flavors of the turquoise pill were systematically studied based onThe rats were administered with turquoise and 25 flavors of the turquoise pill by gavage for 7 days, and samples of serum, liver, and kidney were collected. The potential toxicity and function of turquoise and 25 flavors of the turquoise pill on the liver and kidney of SD rats were evaluated byThe results demonstrated that 25 flavors of the turquoise pill could scavenge free oxygen radicals, strengthen aerobic respiration and inhibit glycolysis in the liver. It did not cause oxidative stress in the kidney with no obvious damage. By modulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), 25 flavors of the turquoise pill can improve the utilization of glucose and promote aerobic respiration of the kidney.Considering the high dosage and short duration used in this study relative to their typical clinical usage, administration of 25 flavors of the turquoise pill and its component mineral turquoise are safe to livers and kidneys.

Based on a new global potential energy surface of SiH 2 + ( X 2 A 1 ) , the exact quantum dynamical calculation for the H(2 S) + SiH+(X1Σ+) → H2 + Si+ reaction has been carried out by using the Chebyshev wave packet method. The initial state specified (ν i = 0, j i = 0) probabilities, integral cross sections (ICS) and thermal rate constants of the title reaction are calculated. All partial wave contributions up to J = 90 are calculated in exact quantum calculation including the full Coriolis coupling (CC) effect. The dynamical behaviors of probabilities, ICSs and rate constants are found to be in accord with an exothermic reaction without potential barrier. By comparing the probabilities of CC with the corresponding centrifugal sudden (CS) approximation ones, it can be concluded that neglecting CC effect will decrease the collision time, increase the amplitude of oscillation and lead to overestimation or underestimation of the reaction probability. For ICSs and rate constants, it is found that the deviation of CC and CS ICSs is small in the most of collision energy range except for the range of 0 eV–0.05 eV, while the deviation of both rate constants is considerable in the temperature range of 16 K–1000 K.

Wide compatibility and erect panicles are important traits for heterosis and ideal plant type breeding in rice and accordingly are targets for rice yield improvement. In this study, a multiplex PCR system based on functional markers was developed to simultaneously identify genotypes of the wide compatibility allele S5-n and the erect panicle allele dep1. Forty-nine rice varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China were identified using this system. Thirty-three varieties contained the erect panicle allele dep1 and two varieties contained the wide compatibility allele S5-n. The frequency of dep1 was obviously higher than that of S5-n. The multiplex PCR method was also tested using an F2 segregating population and was found to be simple, efficient, and reliable. It will be useful in marker-assisted selection based on the wide compatibility allele S5-n and erect panicle allele dep1 to breed super rice varieties using indica and japonica heterosis.

Objectives Untreated schizophrenia commonly leads to poor prognosis. The medication treatment rate of schizophrenia patients in economically underdeveloped areas of China has not been well-studied. This study aimed to examine the pattern of unmedicated schizophrenia patients in economically underdeveloped rural and urban areas of China. Method A total of 4240 schizophrenia patients in Lanzhou (1720 rural and 2520 urban patients) registered in the community mental-health service system in Lanzhou, Gansu province were included. Their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics including medication treatment status were collected and analyzed. Results The proportion of unmedicated schizophrenia patients was 22.5% (n = 953) in the whole sample, with 32.3% (556/1720) in rural and 15.8% (397/2520) in urban patients (X2=161.1, P Conclusions The rate of unmedicated schizophrenia patients is high in economically underdeveloped areas of China, particularly in rural areas. Effective policies and measures should be implemented urgently to improve the treatment rate in this population.

Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR), a well-known and commonly-used TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for treating headache, dizziness, tetanus, epilepsy, and etc., has been proven to relieve chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Due to its complex ingredients, the active fractions responsible for the treatment of CAG remain largely unknown.To explore the underlying material and interpret its underlying mechanism, the therapeutic effect of extract from different polar parts of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on autoimmune CAG was studied based on theThe rat model of CAG was established by autoimmune method. The modeled CAG rats were then treated with 4 polar parts (T1-4 in descending polarity, corresponding to water, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts, respectively) of Gastrodiae Rhizoma for 21 consecutive days. The stomach and serum samples were collected and then subjected to histopathology observation, biochemical measurement (MDA, SOD, GSH, NO, XOD and pepsin),The results showed that T1 had the best therapeutic effect, T2 the second, and T3 and T4 the poorest with no obvious therapeutic effect, demonstrating that the effective components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma should be compounds of high polarity. T1 achieved good therapeutic effects due to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, and by rectifying the disturbed energy and amino acid metabolism in CAG model.This integrated metabolomics approach proved the validity of the therapeutic effect of extract from different polar parts of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on autoimmune CAG, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms, and demonstrating the feasibility of metabolomics to evaluate efficacy of herbal drug, which is often difficult by traditional means.

Despite the improvement in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatments, most patients had a poor prognosis and suffered from chemoresistance and disease relapse. Therefore, there is an urgent need for elucidation of mechanism(s) underlying drug resistance in AML. In the present study, we found that AML cells showed less susceptibility to adriamycin (ADR) in the presence of hypoxia, while inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) by CdCl2 can make AML cells re-susceptibile to ADR even under hypoxia. Moreover, HIF-1α is overexpressed and plays an important role in ADR-resistance maintenance in resistant AML cells. We further found hypoxia or induction of HIF-1α can significantly upregulate yes-associated protein (YAP) expression in AML cells, and resistant cells express a high level of YAP. Finally, we found that YAP may not only enhance HIF-1α stability but also promote HIF-1α's activity on the target gene pyruvate kinase M2. In conclusion, our data indicate that HIF-1α or YAP may represent a therapeutic target for overcoming resistance toward adriamycin-based chemotherapy in AML.

The Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall (HCW) is a traditional Tibetan medicine and is widely used in clinical practice. However, the shell of the HCW (SHCW) has rarely been studied, and some researchers have suggested that the SHCW may be toxic. Therefore, in this study, SHCW was administered to rats at two doses (0.1 and 0.33 g/kg) once a day for 21 days. The hepatic stimuli induced by SHCW in rats were investigated for the first time by

Quantifying the uncertainties induced by resistance parameterization is fundamental to understanding, improving, and developing terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) models. Using high-density eddy covariance (EC) tower observations in a heterogeneous oasis in Northwest China, this study evaluates the impact of resistances on latent heat flux (LE) estimations, the energy equivalent of ET, by comparing resistance parameterizations with varied complexity under one- and two-source Penman-Monteith (PM) equations. We then discuss possible solutions for reducing such uncertainties by employing a three-temperature (3T) model, which does not explicitly include resistance-related parameters. The results show that the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) varied from 32 % to 39 % for the LE estimates from the one- and two-source PM equations. When only surface resistance (rs) was parameterized under the one-source network, then the uncertainty (defined as the difference between MAPEs) dropped to 12 %. When both rs and aerodynamic resistance (ra) were parameterized differently under the one- and two-source networks, then the uncertainties in the estimates were 11~23 %, emphasizing that multiple resistances add uncertainties. Additionally, the 3T model performed better than the PM equations, with MAPE of 19 %. The results suggest that 1) although prior calibration of the parameters required in resistance estimations can improve the PM-based LE estimates, resistance parameterization process can generate obvious uncertainties, 2) more complex resistance parameterizations leads to more uncertainty in the LE estimation, and 3) the relatively simple 3T model avoids resistance parameterization, thus introducing less uncertainty in the LE estimation.

In this paper, g-C3N4 was modified by the synergistic effect of double salt KCl-(NH4)2CO3, and porous g-C3N4 with hydroxylated surface was prepared. Combined with a series of characterization (XRD, SEM, BET, FTIR, UV–vis DRS and XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) analysis, it is confirmed that KCl can cooperate with ammonium salt (NH4)2CO3 to produce rich pore structure, and (NH4)2CO3, as an alkaline slow-release agent, can assist KCl to further enhance hydroxylation. KCl-(NH4)2CO3 not only plays a synergistic role in pore formation, but also introduces hydroxyl and cyano groups, which improves the hydrophilicity of g-C3N4, promotes the separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers, and is beneficial to enhance the photocatalytic activity. Taking methyl orange (MO) as the model of pollutant degradation, and proposed the possible degradation mechanism. This study provides a simple, efficient and widely applicable method for modifying g-C3N4 to improve its activity.

Calcium ions are essential secondary messengers that regulate diverse cellular processes including gene transcription, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) promotes programmed cell death during insect metamorphosis, whereas juvenile hormone (JH) counteracts 20E activity to prevent metamorphosis. Both 20E and JH can induce cellular calcium increase; however, the mechanisms and physiological consequences resulting from calcium increase caused by the two counteracting hormones are unclear. Here, using Helicoverpa armigera epidermal cell line, we show that 20E via a G-protein-coupled receptor induced a major calcium rise in the cells, whereas JH via receptor tyrosine kinase induced a minor calcium increase. The calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (Orai1) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels were necessary for 20E-induced rapid calcium influx. A higher calcium level was maintained in a long time and more genes including Orai1 and TRP channels showed elevated expression after the treatment of 20E than did after JH treatment. Caspase3/7 activation, cell death and pro-apoptotic gene expression were elicited by 20E induction, but not by JH. JH could repress 20E-induced calcium influx, caspase3/7 activation and gene expression. Higher calcium levels induced apoptosis. These results suggest that 20E and JH via different pathways regulate calcium mobilization and homeostasis at different levels, thus inform different gene expression and cellular responses.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR), a well-known and commonly-used TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for treating headache, dizziness, tetanus, epilepsy, and etc., has been proven to relieve chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Due to its complex ingredients, the active fractions responsible for the treatment of CAG remain largely unknown. Aim of the study To explore the underlying material and interpret its underlying mechanism, the therapeutic effect of extract from different polar parts of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on autoimmune CAG was studied based on the 1H NMR metabolomics. Materials and methods The rat model of CAG was established by autoimmune method. The modeled CAG rats were then treated with 4 polar parts (T1-4 in descending polarity, corresponding to water, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts, respectively) of Gastrodiae Rhizoma for 21 consecutive days. The stomach and serum samples were collected and then subjected to histopathology observation, biochemical measurement (MDA, SOD, GSH, NO, XOD and pepsin), 1H NMR metabolic profiling and multivariate/univariate statistical analysis. Results The results showed that T1 had the best therapeutic effect, T2 the second, and T3 and T4 the poorest with no obvious therapeutic effect, demonstrating that the effective components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma should be compounds of high polarity. T1 achieved good therapeutic effects due to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, and by rectifying the disturbed energy and amino acid metabolism in CAG model. Conclusion This integrated metabolomics approach proved the validity of the therapeutic effect of extract from different polar parts of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on autoimmune CAG, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms, and demonstrating the feasibility of metabolomics to evaluate efficacy of herbal drug, which is often difficult by traditional means.

To explore clinical significance of monitoring the level of minimal residual disease (MRD) at different time point in the risk stratification and prognosis of Childhood B-lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.Three hundred and eighty cases of children's B-ALL from Augest 2008 to January 2013 in our hospital were enrolled in this study. MRD levels were detected at day 15, day 33 and week 12 after initial chemotherapy. The event-free survival(EFS) and overall survival (OS) were measured on the basis of MRD levels at different stages of chemotherapy and were compared by Kaplan Meier analyses.The patient's age, initial white blood cell count, chromosome, MLL, BCR/ABL, pretreatment reaction, bone marrow MRD at days 33 were closely related with the 5-year EFS rate. Multiparameter flow cytometry showed the marked MRD and unmarked MRD were not significantly different between their 5-year EFS rate(P0.05), and the every immune phenotype was also no significantly different between the 5-year EFS rate(P0.05). The children with MRD≥10The MRD≥10

To investigate the correlation between the bone marrow fibrous proliferation and the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia(AML).The quantitative method was used to analyze the reticulin fiber density (RFD) of AML patients. the bone marrow sections from 39 primary AML patients and 35 normal controls were collected to compare the RFD between these 2 groups. The prognosis value of RFD for AML were estimated by using appropriate statistical analysis.RFD in primary AML was significantly higher than that in normal controls(2.41%±0.23% vs 1.14%±0.06%)(P0.05). Relapse-free survival(RFS) analysis showed that the patients with RFD more than 1.68% indicated poor RFS, and the overall survival(OS) analysis showed that patients with RFD more than 2.66% indicated poor overall survival (P0.05). Besides, there were no relationship between RFD and the BM blast count (r=0.01) and WBC counts (r=0.04) at diagnosis(P0.05).The RFD in bone marrow is a high risk factor in poor prognosis of AML patients.

Both maximum entropy method and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) are common threshold segmentation methods which have been used not only in image segmentation, but also in multi-threshold segmentation. Maximum entropy method is time-consuming, PSO may easily get trapped in a local optimum. In view of this concerning issue, we propose the PSO and maximum entropy are combined to make improvements on the PSO introduced in expansion model and opposition-based module. The objective functions of the maximum entropy as well as the PSO are obtained, which have improved to optimize them and search the optimal threshold combination, to achieve multi-threshold image segmentation. The results demonstrate that the new algorithm improved the segmentation speed and enhanced the robustness. And the optimizing results are stable.

Insect molting and metamorphosis are regulated by two hormones: 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH). The hormone 20E regulates gene transcription via the nuclear receptor EcR to promote metamorphosis, whereas JH regulates gene transcription via its intracellular receptor methoprene-tolerant (Met) to prevent larval–pupal transition. However, the function and mechanism of Met in various insect developments are not well understood. We propose that Met1 plays a key role in maintaining larval status not only by promoting JH-responsive gene transcription but also by repressing 20E-responsive gene transcription in the Lepidopteran insectHelicoverpa armigera. Met1 protein is increased during feeding stage and decreased during molting and metamorphic stages. Met1 is upregulated by JH III and a low concentration of 20E independently, but is downregulated by a high concentration of 20E. Knockdown ofMet1in larvae causes precocious pupation, decrease in JH pathway gene expression, and increase in 20E pathway gene expression. Met1 interacts with heat shock protein 90 and binds to JH response element to regulateKrüppel homolog 1transcription in JH III induction. Met1 interacts with ultraspiracle protein 1 (USP1) to repress 20E transcription complex EcRB1/USP1 formation and binding to ecdysone response element. These data indicate that JH via Met1 regulates JH pathway gene expression and represses 20E pathway gene expression to maintain the larval status.

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare type of acute leukemia with a poor clinical outcome which lacks specific therapy. To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of CCLG-2008 protocol used for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in China on MPAL children who were initially diagnosed as ALL by morphology, we reviewed patients’ database diagnosed as ALL and MPAL according to WHO classification and compared their outcomes from July 2008 to June 2012. Total newly enrolled ALL in this study were 309 cases by morphology, in which ten cases were identified as MPAL mainly by immunophenotyping: B+ myeloid (3/10), T+ myeloid (2/10), B + T (4/10), trilineage (1/10). Two cases were classified as intermediate risk (IR) and 8 cases were high risk (HR) according to the CCLG-2008 criteria. Only one case of IR survived and others died due to primary resistance of chemotherapy and relapse. Compared with MPAL, ALL children in IR and HR had a longer survival (28.1 vs 9.5 months, p

The Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall (HCW) is a traditional Tibetan medicine and is widely used in clinical practice. However, the shell of the HCW (SHCW) has rarely been studied, and some researchers have suggested that the SHCW may be toxic. Therefore, in this study, SHCW was administered to rats at two doses (0.1 and 0.33 g/kg) once a day for 21 days. The hepatic stimuli induced by SHCW in rats were investigated for the first time by 1H-NMR-based metabolomics combined with histopathological observation and biochemical detection. Histopathological sections showed a certain degree of hepatocyte edema and hepatic sinus congestion in the liver tissue of the rats in the drug-administered group. Serum biochemical indicators revealed a significant increase in ALT, AST, and MDA, and a significant decrease in SOD. Metabolomic results showed that the metabolites in rats were changed after gavage administration of extracts from SHCW. By multivariate statistical analysis and univariate analysis, it was found that SHCW could cause the disorder of energy metabolism, oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism in rats, leading to liver damage. This comprehensive metabolomics approach demonstrates its ability to describe the global metabolic state of an organism and provides a powerful and viable tool for exploring drug-induced toxicity or side effects.

Background Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) interacts with steroid hormone receptors, signaling kinases, and various transcription factors. However, the mechanism by which Hsp90 interacts with different proteins in various pathways remains unclear. Methods Western blot was used to study Hsp90 expression profile in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera). RNA interference was performed to investigate the function of Hsp90 in 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) signal pathways. The binding of Hsp90 to the transcription factor ultraspiracle protein (USP1) and JH candidate receptor methoprene-tolerant (Met1) was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. Phospho-(Ser) PKC substrate antibody was used to detect Hsp90 phosphorylation. Results Hsp90 participated in 20E- or JH-induced gene expression. 20E induced the interaction between Hsp90 and USP1, whereas JH III and methoprene induced the interaction between Hsp90 and Met1, respectively. 20E and JH counteracted each other for these protein interactions. Both JH III and methoprene induced protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation of Hsp90. This process could be inhibited by phospholipase C (PLC) and PKC inhibitors. 20E suppressed JH III- or methoprene-induced PKC phosphorylation of Hsp90. Conclusion 20E maintained the non-PKC-phosphorylation status of Hsp90. Hsp90 interacted with USP1 to induce gene expression in the 20E pathway. JH regulated the PKC-phosphorylation status of Hsp90. Hsp90 also interacted with Met1 to induce gene expression in the JH pathway. General significance Our study describes a novel mechanism of Hsp90 action by altering phosphorylation and protein interaction in various hormonal signaling pathways.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit extracellular signals across the cell membrane. GPCR kinases (GRKs) desensitize GPCR signals in the cell membrane. However, the role and mechanism of GRKs in the desensitization of steroid hormone signaling are unclear. In this study, we propose that GRK2 is phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC) in response to induction by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), which determines its translocation to the cell membrane of the lepidopteran Helicoverpa armigera. GRK2 protein expression is increased during the metamorphic stage because of induction by 20E. Knockdown of GRK2 in larvae causes accelerated pupation, an increase in 20E-response gene expression and advanced apoptosis and metamorphosis. 20E induces translocation of GRK2 from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane via steroid hormone ecdysone-responsive GPCR (ErGPCR-2). GRK2 is phosphorylated by PKC on serine 680 after induction by 20E, which leads to the translocation of GRK2 to the cell membrane. GRK2 interacts with ErGPCR-2. These data indicate that GRK2 terminates the ErGPCR-2 function in 20E signaling in the cell membrane by a negative feedback mechanism.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) receptor (TIM-1) polymorphism plays an important role in asthma and autoimmune diseases. Objective. To analyze the association of TIM-1 polymorphism and HAV infection with childhood allergic asthma in Southwest China.TIM-1 exon 4 (157insMTTTVP) and two polymorphism loci, -416GC and -1454GA, in the HAV receptor promoter region were studied. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to test the genotypes of three polymorphism loci among 579 cases of asthma and 524 controls. The HAV infection status was determined in a case-control study with stratified analysis.HAV exposure associated with childhood allergic asthma in the study population was compared with controls (odds ratio (OR) = 0.181, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.126-0.260, p.001). The -416GC polymorphism was associated with asthma (OR = 1.384, 95% CI 1.148-1.669, p.001), but the insertion variant 157delMTTTVP of exon 4 and the -1454GA polymorphism were not.Our results indicated that the -416GC polymorphism of the TIM-1 gene is associated with childhood allergic asthma, providing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the allergic asthma among children aged below 15 years in Southwest China.

Based on traditional theory of bistable stochastic resonance, this paper puts forward a piecewise stochastic resonance model which used to detect medium- low-frequency weak periodic signal and deducts analytical results of signal-to-noise ratio. Besides, we have done simulation experiments and contrast analysis of the two models also. The result shows that the piecewise model is better to detect medium- low-frequency weak periodic signal in background of strong noise with higher SNR and wider frequency range. It has raised adaptability to detect periodic signal which is common in mechanical failure. Combined with the piecewise bistable stochastic resonance model and the modulate method, it is more effectively to achieve judgment and detection of the mechanical fault signals.

The principle of stochastic resonance in bistable system is introduced firstly. The medium-low-frequency periodic signal and multi-frequency harmonic signal (the large parameter signal) are common in mechanical failure, but it is difficult to achieve stochastic resonance in these signals detection. The signal modulation characteristic is used in this paper to transform the various frequency components into small parameter signals which satisfy the adiabatic approximation theory. On the basis of that, weak signal detection based on stochastic resonance theory is realized. Then a mixing circuit system based on stochastic resonance is designed, the circuit first makes a frequency selection processing with a mixer on the mixed signal between the measurable signal and a scanning signal, and then it is input to the nonlinear bistable system to realize signal detection based on stochastic resonance. At last, the MATLAB simulation result shows that the circuit can realize the stochastic resonance and detection of weak periodic signal in medium-low frequency from noise background.

A new piecewise-linear stochastic resonance model was proposed in this paper. Using numerical simulation, the model was compared with nonlinear one-dimensional continuous bi-stable system on response to period signals under both noisy and non-noisy circumstances. Comparing with contrasting model, there is no output response saturation phenomenon, and the output will increase greatly with the increasing of input signal. To input signal with noise, there is larger applicability to noise intense, especially to weak signal with large additive noise, still there is stochastic resonance. It is superior to contrasting model.

A new model is introduced in this article with which high frequency weak signal could be detected from strong noise background effectively. And meanwhile the process is displayed perfectly by using computer simulation. It will play an important role in detecting high frequency signal concealed in noise .Which can be used in detecting fault condition signals of mechanical system.

The fatigue life prediction and reliability analysis of dynamic systems under random excitement are important topics in modern engineering design. However, the stress power spectral density and the formulation of fatigue life prediction of a component in a dynamic system must be known when one predicts its fatigue life. A method of simulating computation for the fatigue life of a dynamic structure is presented. The method is based on the concept of unit load stress matrix. According to it, the relationship between the stress power spectral density of a structure in a system and the response spectra of the system can be established. Based on this, the formulation of the fatigue life prediction which is decided by the random stress process is obtained. With this method, the stress power spectral density simulation and the reliability fatigue life prediction for the CW-200 type vehicle truck are made. The method is suitable not only for the running dynamic structure but also for newly designed dynamic structures especially.

In this paper, a new nonlinear amplification principle based on chaotic theory is proposed. Firstly, according to the basic properties of chaotic systems, such as the sensitivity of the initial conditions and the one-to-one correspondence between chaotic orbit and the initial value, we established the nonlinear enlarge model based on the parabola map. Then, after we studied the nonlinear amplification of the parabola map, and the binary relationship between input and output, we achieved the simulation of the nonlinear amplification with common signals. Thirdly, we compared the result of linear amplification with nonlinear amplification; and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of nonlinear amplification under real situation. Finally, we get the conclusion that the weak signal amplification principle which is based on parabola map has superiority. It can reduce the noise while enlarging the useful signal. In other words, it can improve the signal to noise ratio.

In the current paper, a macroscopic differential model is constructed on the basis of the Landau theory of the first order phase transformation. Hysteresis loops and butterfly-shaped behaviors are modeled as a consequence of polarizations and orientation switchings. A non-convex free energy function is constructed to characterize different polarization orientations in the materials. Polarizations and orientation switchings are modeled by formulating the system state switching from one equilibrium state to another, as differential equations. The hysteresis loops and butterfly-shaped behaviors are successfully modeled. Comparison of the model results with the experimental counterpart is also presented.

Insulin inhibits transcription factor forkhead box O (FoxO) activity, and the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) activates FoxO; however, the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that 20E upregulates phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase (PTEN) expression to activate FoxO, thereby promoting proteolysis during molting in the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera. FoxO expression is increased during molting and metamorphosis. The knockdown of FoxO in fifth instar larvae results in larval molting failure. 20E induces FoxO non-phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Insulin, via Akt, induces FoxO phosphorylation and cytoplasm localization. 20E represses insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation and FoxO phosphorylation. 20E, via ecdysone receptor B1 (EcRB1) and the ultraspiracle protein (USP1), upregulates PTEN expression, which represses Akt phosphorylation, thereby repressing FoxO phosphorylation. The non-phosphorylated FoxO enters the nucleus and attaches to a FoxO binding element in the upstream region of the Broad isoform 7 (BrZ7) gene to regulate BrZ7 transcription under 20E induction. 20E upregulates FoxO expression via EcRB1 and USP1. FoxO regulation of BrZ7 expression regulates CarboxypeptidaseA expression for final proteolysis during insect molting. Hence, 20E activates FoxO via upregulating PTEN expression to counteract insulin activity and promote proteolysis.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in animal steroid hormone signaling, but their mechanism is unclear. In this research, we report that a GPCR called ErGPCR-2 controls steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling in the cell membrane of the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera. ErGPCR-2 was highly expressed during molting and metamorphosis. 20E, via ErGPCR-2, regulated rapid intracellular calcium increase, protein phosphorylation, gene transcription, and insect metamorphosis. ErGPCR-2 was located in the cell surface and was internalized by 20E induction. GPCR kinase 2 participated in 20E-induced ErGPCR-2 phosphorylation and internalization. The internalized ErGPCR-2 was degraded by proteases to desensitize 20E signaling. ErGPCR-2 knockdown suppressed the entrance of 20E analog [(3)H] ponasterone A ([(3)H]Pon A) into the cells. ErGPCR-2 overexpression or blocking of ErGPCR-2 internalization increased the entrance of [(3)H]Pon A into the cells. However, ErGPCR-2 did not bind to [(3)H]Pon A. Results suggest that ErGPCR-2 transmits steroid hormone 20E signaling and controls 20E entrance into cells in the cell membrane.