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BackgroundIt remains unknown whether child-oriented asthma education is associated with better health outcomes. This meta-analysis investigated the effects of asthma education on hospitalisation and emergency department and clinic visits.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMBASE for relevant studies from inception to 4 July 2021, and selected studies that reported hospitalisation or emergency department or clinic visits as outcomes. The participants were only children. Two authors independently selected the studies, assessed the quality of the included studies and retrieved the data. A third senior author was engaged to resolve disagreements. Fifteen longitudinal studies were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 was used as the standard of reporting (PRISMA registration ID is 284509).FindingsCompared with the control group, the asthma education group had 54% lower hospitalisation risk (95% CI 0.32 to 0.66), and 31% lower emergency department visit risk (95% CI 0.59 to 0.81). Sensitivity analysis showed that the asthma education group had a reduced clinic visit risk (risk ratio (RR)=0.80, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.97). Subgroup analysis showed that asthma education involving both children and parents/guardians was associated with fewer hospitalisations (RR=0.38, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.59) and emergency department visits (RR=0.69, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.83). Asthma education in hospitals or non-hospitals can reduce the risk of hospitalisation and emergency department visits. However, only education in the hospitals was associated with the reduction of clinical visits (RR=0.45, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.92).InterpretationEducation is effective for controlling asthma, especially for reducing hospitalisation and emergency department and clinic visits. Education involving both children and parents/guardians is more effective than that involving only children. The setting of asthma education does not impact its effect to a large extent.

Background: The relationship between oral health and general health is gaining interest in geriatric research; however, a lack of studies dealing with this issue from a general perspective makes it somewhat inaccessible to non-clinical public health professionals. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to describe the relationship between oral health and general health of the elderly on the basis of literature review, and to give non-clinical medical professionals and public health professionals an overview of this discipline. Methods: This study was based on an in-depth review of the literature pertaining to the relationship between oral health and general health among the older people. The tools commonly used to evaluate dental health and the academic researches of male elderly people were also reviewed. And future research directions were summarized. Results: Dental caries, periodontal disease, edentulism, and xerostomia are common oral diseases among the older people. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the leading causes of missing teeth and edentulism. Xerostomia, similar to dry mouth, is another common oral health disease in the older people. No clear correlation exists between the subjective feeling of dryness and an objective decrease of saliva. Rather, both conditions can be explained by changes in saliva. The General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) are the main assessment tools used to examine oral health and quality of life in the older people. The GOHAI tends to be more sensitive to objective values pertaining to oral function. In addition, oral health studies in male elderly people are population-based cohort or cross-sectional studies, involving masticatory function, oral prevention, frailty problems, cardiovascular disease risk, and cognitive status. Conclusion: It is possible to reduce the incidence of certain oral diseases, even among individuals who take oral health care seriously. Oral health care should be based on the viewpoint of comprehensive treatment, including adequate nutrition, good life and psychology, and correct oral health care methods. In the future, researchers could combine the results of meta-analysis with the clinical experience of doctors to provide a more in-depth and broader discussion on oral health research topics concerning the older people.

An objective and accurate evaluation of liver grafts is required to improve the prognosis of liver transplant recipients and to increase the number of available liver grafts.To compare outcomes using FibroScan with that of pathology in liver grafts from brain-dead donors (DBD).Liver grafts from 52 DBD were examined using ultrasound (US), FibroScan before liver transplantation (LT). Blood tested before LT and a biopsy was performed pre- or intra-operation to determine pathology. The diagnostic accuracy of the FibroScan results was compared with the pathology results, which is the gold standard for evaluating liver grafts. The donors enrolled were grouped by the stage of liver fibrosis (F0-F4) and steatosis (S0-S3), based on Kleiner's scoring system of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, respectively.The liver stiffness (LS) value in group F1 was significantly increased compared with group F0 (8.74±1.32kPa and 5.93±1.64kPa, respectively, P0.01). The LS value had a significant positive correlation with the liver graft fibrosis stage (r=0.73, P0.01). The area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) for F1 stage fibrosis was 0.93 (P0.01). Significant differences in the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were found among groups S0, S1, and S2 (173.30±38.36dB/m, 230.29±23.27dB/m, 250.00±57.01dB/m, respectively; F=12.41, P0.01). The CAP was associated with the liver graft steatosis stage (r=0.64, P0.01). The AUROC for S1 and S2 stage steatosis in liver grafts was 0.89 (P=0.002) and 0.83 (P=0.007), respectively.Transient elastography quantifies fibrosis and steatosis in liver grafts from 52 DBD with a high diagnostic accuracy and provides further imaging evidence for use in assessing liver grafts.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of a six-stage story structure (4S) approach on elementary students’ story production. To this end, the 4S approach was developed and real...

To analyse the subgingival microbiota of Stage I/II periodontitis, gingivitis with different degrees of severity, and periodontal health in subjects in a Chinese young adult population.Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 15 Stage I/II periodontitis patients, 38 gingivitis patients and 15 periodontally healthy individuals, all aged from 18 to 21 years. Gingivitis patients were divided into two subgroups according to the Bleeding Index (BI) of their sampled teeth: gingivitis with above median BI (G-HBI) and below median BI (G-LBI). The subgingival plaque samples were collected from teeth 16, 26, 36, 46, 11 and 31 according to FDI notation. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of all the samples was sequenced and analysed.The Stage I/II periodontitis, gingivitis and periodontal health groups showed distinct subgingival microbiota profiles. When the gingivitis patients were stratified into two subgroups, the community structure of G-HBI showed no significant difference from early-stage periodontitis, but differed from G-LBI and the healthy group. Most periodontitis-related taxa were most abundant in Stage I/II periodontitis, followed by G-HBI, G-LBI and the periodontally healthy group. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia, Saccharibacteria TM7 G-5 356, Lachnospiraceae G-8 500, Peptostreptococcaceae spp. and Syntrophomonadaceae VIIIG-1 435 were associated with Stage I/II periodontitis. Porphyromonas 275, Leptotrichia 417 and Saccharibacteria TM7 G-2 350 were associated with gingivitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis was significantly more abundant in G-HBI than in G-LBI.Within the limitations of this preliminary study, gingivitis and early-stage periodontitis were associated with an increased degree of dysbiosis in the subgingival microbiota in a Chinese young adult population.

Personalized medicine is the tailor-made clinical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient. It may be considered an extension of traditional approaches to knowing and treating diseases. Personalized medicine has the potential to change the way of identification and management of health problems. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that primarily affects the patients' lungs. The first case of pneumonia of unknown cause was reported in Wuhan, China on December 31, 2019. As thus, we are quickly approaching the era of personalized medicine. This review discusses the practices currently used in the management of COVID-19 and how they relate to personalized medicine.

In the field of medicine, shared decision-making (SDM) is an important issue primarily aimed at resolving the problem of information asymmetry between clinicians and patients in the selection of treatment options and follow-up nursing plans. Most previous studies on this topic have focused on key elements and the development and implementation of SDM scales. This study used the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method to establish a network of influence relationships among factors that are keys to the success of the SDM process. Survey data were obtained from a well-known brain hospital in China. The key factors of success included tailor information, flexibility approach, check understanding patient, document (discussion about) decision, present evidence, make or explicitly defer decision, and patient values and preferences. We determined that clinicians should provide a series of treatment options and follow-up care plans based on a patientʼs conditions and preferences. Clinicians should also actively communicate with patients and their families to ensure a thorough understanding of the entire treatment and nursing process. This study also highlights the academic value of the cross-disciplinary integration of medical decision issues and multiple attribute decision-making methodologies.

Food waste composting was used to treat highly fuel oil-contaminated soil (two particle size fractions - fine 1.3 cm). The initial fuel oil concentrations in the fine and coarse piles were 12,000 and 11,850 mg/kg, respectively. After 45-day incubation, the removal efficiencies of the fine and coarse piles were 82% and 93%, respectively. Residual fuel oil concentration (847 mg/kg) in the coarse pile met the Taiwan EPA standard limit (1000 mg/kg). The results indicated that the soil particle size fraction affected the efficiency of the composting treatment. Besides, emissions of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and BTEXs from the food waste composting treatment were investigated. Ketones and toluene were the most abundant species of OVOCs and BTEXs, respectively. This study demonstrated that food waste composting would be a promising treatment technology for highly fuel oil-contaminated soil.

Due to the advantages of small form factor, high performance, low power consumption, and high density integration, three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) have been generally acknowledged as the next generation semiconductor technology. Low temperature bonding is the key technology to ensure the chip (or wafer) stacking in 3D ICs. In this paper, different low temperature bonding methods for chip (or wafer) stacking were reviewed and described systematically. Materials, processing and reliability will be extremely important, their effects on the 3D IC structure were addressed in detail, the challenging reliability issues may be considered as the major concern in the future work. The latest development of low temperature bonding in 3D ICs is also given here, which helpful may provide a reference for the further study of low temperature bonding.

Recent exciting findings of the biological interactions of graphene materials have shed light on potential biomedical applications of graphene-containing composites. Owing to the superior mechanical properties and low coefficient of thermal expansion, graphene has been widely used in the reinforcement of biocomposites. In the present study, various ratios of graphene (0.25wt%, 0.5wt% and 1.0wt%) were reinforced into calcium silicate (CS) for bone graft application. Results show that the graphene was embedded in the composites homogeneously. Adding 1wt% graphene into CS increased the young's modulus by ~47.1%. The formation of bone-like apatite on a range of composites with graphene weight percentages ranging from 0 to 1 has been investigated in simulated body fluid. The presence of a bone-like apatite layer on the composites surface after immersion in simulated body fluid was considered by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro cytocompatibility of the graphene-contained CS composites was evaluated using human marrow stem cells (hMSCs). The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin osteogenesis-related protein expression of the hMSCs on the 1wt% graphene-contained specimens showed better results than on the pure CS. In addition, the angiogenesis-related protein (vWF and ang-1) secretion of cells was significantly stimulated when the graphene concentration in the composites was increased. These results suggest that graphene-contained CS bone graft are promising materials for bone tissue engineering applications.

Objective. This systematic review is conducted to synthesize recent empirical evidence of Zero-markup Policy for Essential Drugs Effect on Medical Treatment in China. Methods. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) for all related studies published from inception to 30 April 2019 without restriction on language. In addition, grey literatures were captured through other sources, such as OpenGrey and Open Access Theses and Dissertations (OATD), to avoid selection bias. Methodological quality were evaluated using the PRISMA statement the Newcastle Ottawa Scale Collaboration tool. Results. Thirty-four full texts were initially searched, but only nine studies met our inclusion criteria. Most of studies indicated the significant reduction for both the total expense and drug expense per visit. Additionally, outpatient and inpatient services indicated increasing trends in annual patient-visits. Conclusions. In conclusion, the available limited, relative low-quality evidence does not support the long-term association between zero-markup policy for essential drugs and reduced medical expenditure. Further longitudinal studies that provide data for hospitals over a wider range of regions would make the economic effects more discursive.

To analyze the performance of a liver graft sonographic grading system and point shear wave elastography (PSWE) in predicting early allograft dysfunction (EAD) after liver transplantation (LT). Successive brain-dead donors and liver recipients in our hospital from March 2017 to May 2018 were retrospectively recruited. All donors underwent PSWE examination, abdominal ultrasonography, and sonographic grading (grade 0 to grade 5). Donors with ≥ 10 valid PSWE examinations and a failure rate of

AIM: To explore whether ectopic expression of human melanopsin can effectively and safely restore visual function in rd1 mice. METHODS: Hematoxylin-eosin staining of retinal sections from rd1 mice was used to detect the thickness of the outer nuclear layer to determine the timing of surgery. We constructed a human melanopsin-AAV2/8 viral vector and injected it into the subretinal space of rd1 mice. The Phoenix Micron IV system was used to exclude the aborted injections, and immunohistochemistry was used to validate the ectopic expression of human melanopsin. Furthermore, visual electrophysiology and behavioral tests were used to detect visual function 30 and 45d after the injection. The structure of the retina was compared between the human melanopsin-injected group and phosphate buffer saline (PBS)-injected group. RESULTS: Retinas of rd1 mice lost almost all of their photoreceptors on postnatal day 28 (P28). We therefore injected the human melanopsin-adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2/8 viral vector into P30 rd1 mice. After excluding aborted injections, we used immunohistochemistry of the whole mount retina to confirm the ectopic expression of human melanopsin by co-expression of human melanopsin and YFP that was carried by a viral vector. At 30d post-injection, visual electrophysiology and the behavioral test significantly improved. However, restoration of vision disappeared 45d after human melanopsin injection. Notably, human melanopsin-injected mice did not show any structural differences in their retinas compared with PBS-injected mice. CONCLUSION: Ectopic expression of human melanopsin effectively and safely restores visual function in rd1 mice.

Morphology evolution of eutectic Si in Ce-rich mischmetal (RE) modified Al-10wt.%Si alloy at different cooling rates was investigated. The morphology of eutectic Si and modification mechanism of RE was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the RE modified eutectic Si exhibited a plate-like morphology under the low cooling rate (~100K/s). When cooling rate increased to ~600K/s, some branches were observed on the eutectic Si. In the RE modified alloy with a higher cooling rate (~1000K/s), the number of the branches on RE modified eutectic Si increased, and the morphology of eutectic S was modified to coral-like structure. The addition of Sr caused a flake-to-fiber modification of eutectic Si at low cooling rate, and the fiber size decreased with cooling rate increasing. The morphological observations indicated that the morphology of eutectic Si in RE modified alloy was significantly influenced by the cooling rate, while the modification efficiency of RE was lower than that of Sr.

Quadruped robots have been widely applied for the advantage of flexible mobile way. However, most of quadruped robots have large inertia and an impact load between the foot endpoint and ground in the process of movement because of series connection way. In order to solve the problems, a new mechanism of quadruped robot is designed and analyzed based on the active flexible joint with variable stiffness.

In various kinds of testing systems, large-capacity data file is common. File processing method based on C, C++ and MFC was introduced in this paper. In the light of functions in Win32 API, reading, data decomposing and analy- sis method of large-capacity data file were presented. According to practical requirement, the data processing software is designed. By experimental verification and practical data testing, the processing method posed in this paper can analyze and process large-capacity data file effectively. The processing method presented in this paper has been employed in sev- eral space measurement projects successfully and obtained satisfactory analysis result, which provided the reliable basis for relational tests and experiments.

The microstructure of pre-aged AA7085 rolled plate was studied by means of hardness tests, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electrical conductivity tests. The results show that supper refined and homogeneous precipitates were formed during pre-aging, but the hardness of the alloy was still relatively low. There occurred a large number of dislocations when the warm deformation was introduced, and the size of the intragranular precipitates firstly increases and then decreases and then increases with the dislocation density increasing, which was caused by the role of dislocations on inhibiting the formation of GP zone and promoting the nucleation and transformation ofηphase. Meanwhile, the distribution of grain boundary precipitates also changed from continuous chain to coarsening interrupted distribution and the precipitate free zone (PFZ) broadened obviously.

In the environment of harsh weather or obstacles, the corresponding monitoring department can't achieve remote control and acquire the accurate location of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). According to the existing problem this paper designs a logical control module based on single chip microcomputer (SCM) C8051F040 and UAV real-time tracking system which is positioned by GPS. In this design, through the analysis and extraction of the GPS data, then transmit these data to the host computer through the USB interface with high speed, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight vector position such as longitude and altitude information will be displayed by the host computer. After tested for several times, this vector pursuit system can acquire the accurate position of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the corresponding flight path within 20 km. To some extent, it provides an effective guarantee for the remote control and monitoring department.

This paper presents a rocket recovery system logger program. The equipment mainly used in the recycling system of the missile-borne solid state memory. As the signal transmitter, the Beacon is set under the memory of the rocket, sending GPS information real-time when the memory falls down to the ground. For the ground recovery system, we can dispose the specific location of each node based on the topography by calculating the landing area of the beacon. A beacon transponder is placed on each node and each beacon transponder of the node can better receive signal and transmit it to the control center correctly. Every beacon transponder has only one corresponding MAC address, so the control center can distinguish which one is sending signal. This paper designs the framework of the network nodes and the transmission of the physical model, it also analysis the signal transmission system problems such as the high dynamic Doppler effect, the theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The experiment demonstrates that the network node is a particular promising approach in wireless transmission technologies.

CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage) is an energy storage method which preserves electric energy in the form of air pressure potential energy. As the storage space, the internal air pressure of air reservoir significantly affects the performance of the CAES system. Based on a thorough study of variable pressure air reservoir of CAES, this paper puts forward a thermodynamic modeling method which could be perfectly applied in air pressure and temperature variation analysis. Modeling parameters are fitted by serving Huntorf power plant in Germany as reference case; results show that the obtained pressure curves match the actual curves, which in turn demonstrate the high accuracy of the model presented. By comparing different pressures under several working conditions, it is clear that alternately air releasing and air inflation effectively reduce throttling loss and the energy consumption of compressor, also system efficiency is improved.

In order to satisfy the multi-channel space testing requirement, multi-channel (temperature, liquid level, voltage, etc) testing system is designed based on PXI Bus. VC++2008 is adopted for acquisition and control programming, and the testing data can be real-time displayed in the interface. This system has already been successfully implemented in a testing task.

The application of the lossless data compression technology in the filed of telemetry system is discussed in this paper. Based on the ARC algorithm, a real-time lossless data compression technology is proposed. By combining the TMS320C6416 and XC3S200AN FPGA, this paper designs a real-time lossless data compression device hardware system. 2048 bytes of some telemetry noise data can be compressed in 5.64ms in this system and the compression removal rate reaches 78%. What’s more, the system has solved the problem of data capacity and speed during the process of data compression , which greatly improves the efficiency of data compression.

Micro-CAES can balance fluctuations in supply and demand of electricity. In this technology, air is compressed with a motor/generator using low cost, off-peak or discarded electricity from wind power and stored underground in caverns or pipes. This pressurized air is released then be burned with gas in a combustor. The hot expanding gases drive a micro-turbo expander and run a motor/generator which, in turn, produces electricity during peak demand periods. By considering the factors including economy, reliability, environment protection, and CO2 emission, a fuzzy overall evaluation model for different power supply mode is proposed. The related calculation and optimization are made. Linking with wind power, the overall performance of micro-CAES is best.

This paper presents the numerical simulation of a 48t/h biomass fired grate boiler with an inner boiler dust removal device located in the third pass. The results show that the inner dust removal device can correct the decline of the gas flow in the passes effectively on the basis of dust separation. The best air flow ratio of RPA: RSA: RIAis = 4: 4: 2 correspondingly. Therefore, the new inner dust removal device should be applied in current commercial biomass boilers to improve their operation performance.

Data Acquisition System Based-on TMS320F2812 can quickly and easily for analog-digital converting, arbitrarily switching to 16 analog input channels. Serial Communication interfaces Make the system easy to use .The system is in design modular, can flexible debugging and modify.

In this paper, progress in strain study of blocks and faults by GPS data are discussed, and the concept that active structures between blocks are the main body of crustal strain is clarified. By energy transfer principle of elastic mechanics, the relation between strain around faults and tectonic force on fault surfaces is set up and main body element model fo crustal strain is constructed. Finally, the relation between mechanical evolution of model and seismogenic process of Kunlun earthquake (M s=8.1) is discussed by continuous GPS data of dataum stations. The result suggests that the relatively relaxed change under background of strong compressing and shearing may help to trigger moderate-strong earthquakes.

The fusion of multi-source remote sensing images can utilize the multi-source information and obtain richer and more objective information compared with the single source image data. ALOS is a new source of high-resolution satellite data, hence research on the practical methods for ALOS data fusion has great significance in prompting the ALOS data application. Based on the features of ALOS data, some common fusion algorithms are experimented and compared. Results of different fusion methods are analyzed in terms of spatial resolution enhancement and spectral information maintenance. As far as the fusion of AVNIR_4, 3, 2 multi-spectral and PRISM_PAN bands selected are concerned, the experiments show that the Brovey method has the advantage over other fusion methods in the aspect of visual representation and identifying precision.