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The modeling and optimization of machine tool’s dynamic performance remains to be a grand challenge in machine tool design. In this paper. In order to identifying the concentrated modals of a horizontal machining center, a combined experiment modal analysis method is proposed. A FEA dynamic model accurate in frequency and mode shape is built and verified by comparing with EMA results. Based on the model the optimization of frame structure is made, Simulation results shows the optimized frame enhances the dynamic performance of machine tool.

We conducted a joint (pooled) analysis of three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in individuals of Chinese ancestry (5,337 ESCC cases and 5,787 controls) with 9,654 ESCC cases and 10,058 controls for follow-up. In a logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, study and two eigenvectors, two new loci achieved genome-wide significance, marked by rs7447927 at 5q31.2 (per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.82-0.88; P = 7.72 × 10(-20)) and rs1642764 at 17p13.1 (per-allele OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.85-0.91; P = 3.10 × 10(-13)). rs7447927 is a synonymous SNP in TMEM173, and rs1642764 is an intronic SNP in ATP1B2, near TP53. Furthermore, a locus in the HLA class II region at 6p21.32 (rs35597309) achieved genome-wide significance in the two populations at highest risk for ESSC (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.22-1.46; P = 1.99 × 10(-10)). Our joint analysis identifies new ESCC susceptibility loci overall as well as a new locus unique to the population in the Taihang Mountain region at high risk of ESCC.

Genome-wide association studies have identified susceptibility loci for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We conducted a meta-analysis of all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed nominally significant P-values in two previously published genome-wide scans that included a total of 2961 ESCC cases and 3400 controls. The meta-analysis revealed five SNPs at 2q33 with P5 × 10(-8), and the strongest signal was rs13016963, with a combined odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.29 (1.19-1.40) and P= 7.63 × 10(-10). An imputation analysis of 4304 SNPs at 2q33 suggested a single association signal, and the strongest imputed SNP associations were similar to those from the genotyped SNPs. We conducted an ancestral recombination graph analysis with 53 SNPs to identify one or more haplotypes that harbor the variants directly responsible for the detected association signal. This showed that the five SNPs exist in a single haplotype along with 45 imputed SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium, and the strongest candidate was rs10201587, one of the genotyped SNPs. Our meta-analysis found genome-wide significant SNPs at 2q33 that map to the CASP8/ALS2CR12/TRAK2 gene region. Variants in CASP8 have been extensively studied across a spectrum of cancers with mixed results. The locus we identified appears to be distinct from the widely studied rs3834129 and rs1045485 SNPs in CASP8. Future studies of esophageal and other cancers should focus on comprehensive sequencing of this 2q33 locus and functional analysis of rs13016963 and rs10201587 and other strongly correlated variants.

The bovine PRKAG3 gene encodes a muscle-specific isoform of the regulatory gamma-subunit of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a key role in regulating energy homeostasis in eukaryotes. It is well known that mutations in the PRKAG3 gene affect high glycogen content in the porcine skeletal muscle and, consequently, meat quality. Therefore, this gene has been proposed as a positional and functional candidate gene for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) with an effect on meat quality traits. In this study, we detected four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the PRKAG3 gene (DQ082736) in 267 beef cattle. The SNP marker association analysis indicated that the SNP markers T2885C was significantly associated with tenderness trait. Animals with the TT genotype had lower Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) than those with the other genotypes. Results of this study suggest that the PRKAG3-gene-specific SNP may be a useful marker for meat quality traits in future marker-assisted selection programmes in beef cattle. Key words : Association analysis, beef cattle, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) polymorphism, PRKAG3 gene.

Li Dong Wang and colleagues report a genome wide association study for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population. They identify two risk loci at PLCE1 and C20orf54.

Acrylamide (ACR) and high contents of fat could be found co-existent in many foods processed by high temperature, such as deep-frying and roasting. This study investigated the effect of enhanced fat consumption on deficits of spermatogenesis induced by ACR, and explored potential mechanisms of oxidative damage involved in this pathology in mice. Results show that enhanced feeding of corn oil and pork fat on mice potentiated the decreases of spermatogonia along with mature sperms after treatment of ACR, and that spermatozoa quality is significantly reduced as a result of enhanced feeding of corn oil and pork fat on mice treated with ACR. Moreover, enhanced consumption of corn oil and pork fat potentiated the up-regulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in epididymal sperm and cauda epididymides, also up-regulated level of Protein carbonyls (PCOs) in cauda epididymides, of mice after treatment of ACR. Last, enhanced consumption of corn oil and pork fat potentiated the reduced activity of superoxide dismutases (SOD) in epididymal sperm, corpus, and cauda epididymides, also reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in cauda epididymides, of mice treated with ACR. These data suggest that enhanced feeding of corn oil and pork fat on mice potentiates ACR-induced oxidative stress in the epididymis and epididymal sperm and a subsequent effect on spermatogenesis.

Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), as a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme in the glutathione peroxidases (GPx) family, plays multiple roles in organisms. However, there is very little information on PHGPx in goats (Capra hircus). In this study, a full-length cDNA was cloned and characterized from Taihang black goat testes. The 844 bp cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 597 bp. The goat PHGPx nucleotide sequence contains a selenocysteine (sec) codon TGA244-246, two potential start codons ATG20-22 and ATG108-110, a polyadenylation signal AATAAA813-818 and selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) motif AUGA688-691, UGA729-731 and AAA703-705. As a selenoprotein, the active-site motifs and GPx family signature motifs LAFPCNQF101-108 and WNFEK165-170 were also found. The order of PHGPx mRNA expression levels was: testes >> heart > brain > epididymis > kidney > liver > lung > spleen > muscle. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry results revealed similar expression differences in different age testes, with high expression levels during adolescence. Immunofluorescence results suggested that PHGPx mainly expressed in Leydig cells and spermatids in mature goat testes.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains one of the leading cause of cancer-related death in China. Moreover, more than 90% of the ESCC patients have been in the advanced stage when diagnosed, the 5-year survival is very poor even though the medical techniques have been improved in the past decades. Although the accumulated evidences have suggested the crucial role of genetic changes in esophageal carcinogenesis, the target therapy based on these genetic changes is largely in the very beginning, and radical esophagectomy and radiochemotherapy remain the chief choice for ESCC treatment at present. The present study was thus designed to evaluate the efficacy of the present treatment methods in China to provide more information for optimal choice in advanced ESCC treatment. The enrolled 20,712 ESCC patients in this study were from the ESCC database in Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University. Of the patients, there were 12,818 males with a mean age of 59.59±8.2 and 7,894 females with a mean age of 60.34±8.3. All the 20,712 patients were confirmed by histopathology as ESCC at II to IV stage (advanced stage) and classified into three groups based on the treatment methods: radical esophagectomy (R0) alone (17,577, 84.8%), R0 plus radiochemotherapy (2,510, 12.1%) and radiochemotherapy alone (625, 3.1%). The followed-up was undertaken until 2016. The SPSS21.0 software and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log Rank test were used to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments. The results demonstrated that the overall median survival time for the three groups was 5.81 years, 4.82 years and 2.85 years, respectively (P Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Rang Cheng, Fu You Zhou, Neng Chao Wang, Ran Wang, Wei Peng Wang, Xian Zeng Wang, Wen Bin Yue, Jian Wei Zhou, Zhan Hui Miao, Guang Cheng Ding, De Chao Bu, Li Dong Wang. Impact of the different treatments on the survival of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3276. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3276

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been well characterized as a major histological type in China and occurred predominantly in the mountain rural region with poor economics. Nutritional deficiencies have been recognized as major risk for esophageal carcinogenesis in these rural regions. In the past decades, the rural economic status in China has improved apparently. However, the time trending for ESCC in rural regions has not been characterized. The present study was thus undertaken to determine the time trending for the ratio of rural and urban patients with ESCC in a single institute in northern China over the past 30 years (1985-2014). All the 66,515 ESCC patients in this study were derived from the esophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma databases of 500 thousands patients (1973-2015) established by Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in Henan, China. Of the ESCC patients, 50,313 patients had been recorded with detailed address. Based on the diagnosed time, these patients were divided into three groups with periods of 1985-1994, 1995-2004 and 2005-2014. The rural and urban regions were recognized based on the government administrative division of China. The rural region in China refers to the farmer village with hundreds to thousands population. Chi-Square test was used to analyze the different distributions of ESCC patients with a p-value of less than 0.05 as significant. The results demonstrated that more than 84% of the ESCC patients occurred in rural regions with an overall ratio of 5:1 for rural and urban regions (p < 0.0001). Moreover, over the past 30 years with three periods, the ratios for rural and urban regions were 5.4:1, 5.5:1 and 5.4:1, respectively. The present results also demonstrated that over the past 30 years with three periods, ESCC occurred predominantly in males with ratios for male and female as 1.5:1, 1.4:1 and 1.5:1, respectively in rural regions and 1.6:1, 1.6:1 and 1.8:1, respectively in urban regions. Interestingly, the mean age both in male and female in urban regions was slightly older than that in rural regions (urban vs. rural: 60.7±9.86 vs. 59.8±9.38 in male and 62.2±9.57 vs. 60.6±9.47 in female, respectively). The present study demonstrated that ESCC remains the major healthy burden in rural regions in China. Considering the relative low socioeconomic status in China, the prevention and control of ESCC should be enhanced in rural regions in terms of more control programs, medical and education resources. [Supported by National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (SQ2015AA0202183), Project for Characteristic and Advantage Discipline of Henan Province (20151208)] Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Shou Jia Hu, Hai Jun Yang, Neng Chao Wang, Xiu Min Li, Shuang Lv, Qi De Bao, Wen Bin Yue, Hui Meng, Dan Feng Du, Xue Min Li, Fu You Zhou, Jian Li, Li Dong Wang. Time trending for the ratio of rural and urban patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a single institute in northern China over the past 30 years [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 264. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-264

The near infrared reflectance spectroscopy technique (NIRS) has been explored at many fields such as agriculture, food, chemical, medicine, and so on, due to its rapid, effective, non-destructive, and on-line characteristics. Fungi invasion in forage materials during processing and storage would generate mycotoxins, which were harmful for people and animal through food chains. The determination of mycotoxins included the overelaborated pretreatments such as milling, extracting, chromatography and subsequent process such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, high performance liquid chromatography, and thin layer chromatography. The authors hope that high precision and low detection limit spectrum instrument, and software technology and calibration model of mycotoxins determination, will fast measure accurately the quality and quantity of mycotoxins, which will provide basis for reasonable process and utilization of forage and promote the application of NIRS in the safety livestock product.

Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), as a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme in the glutathione peroxidases (GPx) family, plays multiple roles in organisms. However, there is very little information on PHGPx in goats (Capra hircus). In this study, a full-length cDNA was cloned and characterized from Taihang black goat testes. The 844 bp cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 597 bp. The goat PHGPx nucleotide sequence contains a selenocysteine (sec) codon TGA(244-246), two potential start codons ATG(20-22) and ATG(108-110), a polyadenylation signal AATAAA(813-818) and selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) motif AUGA(688-691), UGA(729-731) and AAA(703-705). As a selenoprotein, the active-site motifs and GPx family signature motifs LAFPCNQF(101-108) and WNFEK(165-170) were also found. The order of PHGPx mRNA expression levels was: testes >> heart > brain > epididymis > kidney > liver > lung > spleen > muscle. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry results revealed similar expression differences in different age testes, with high expression levels during adolescence. Immunofluorescence results suggested that PHGPx mainly expressed in Leydig cells and spermatids in mature goat testes.

We performed a genome-wide association study of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by genotyping 1,077 individuals with ESCC and 1,733 control subjects of Chinese Han descent. We selected 18 promising SNPs for replication in an additional 7,673 cases of ESCC and 11,013 control subjects of Chinese Han descent and 303 cases of ESCC and 537 control subjects of Chinese Uygur-Kazakh descent. We identified two previously unknown susceptibility loci for ESCC: PLCE1 at 10q23 (P(Han combined for ESCC) = 7.46 x 10(-56), odds ratio (OR) = 1.43; P(Uygur-Kazakh for ESCC) = 5.70 x 10(-4), OR = 1.53) and C20orf54 at 20p13 (P(Han combined for ESCC) = 1.21 x 10(-11), OR = 0.86; P(Uygur-Kazakh for ESCC) = 7.88 x 10(-3), OR = 0.66). We also confirmed association in 2,766 cases of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma cases and the same 11,013 control subjects (PLCE1, P(Han for GCA) = 1.74 x 10(-39), OR = 1.55 and C20orf54, P(Han for GCA) = 3.02 x 10(-3), OR = 0.91). PLCE1 and C20orf54 have important biological implications for both ESCC and GCA. PLCE1 might regulate cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. C20orf54 is responsible for transporting riboflavin, and deficiency of riboflavin has been documented as a risk factor for ESCC and GCA.

The objective of this study was to obtain a fast, accurate and reliable method of determining the sex of goat embryos prior to implantation through amplification of the high-motility-group (HMG) box of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) gene of the goats. Goat specific primers were designed for duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As an internal control gene, the goat beta-action gene sequence was simultaneously amplified together with the HMG box of goat SRY gene. Males showed both 1 SRY band and 1 beta-action band, but only 1 beta-action band was present in the agarose gel electrophoresis of females. The result indicated that the goat HMG-box sequence motif of SRY was male specific. Afterward, the optimized PCR procedure was applied in 30 embryo biopsies and the biopsied embryos were transferred into 30 recipient female goats. The sex of the 13 kids proved anatomically corresponded to the sex determined by PCR (100% accuracy). Thus, this study showed that this duplex PCR method can be applied to sex the goat pre-implantation embryos and to manipulate the sex ratio of offspring in goat breeding programs.

Nat. Genet. 42, 759–763 (2010); published online 22 August 2010; corrected after print 27 August 2014 In contrast to the version of this article initially published, the authors now find no evidence to support association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility for rs13042395[T] at 20p13 in their original data, in two independent sets of cases and controls collected in other Chinese populations or in the joint analysis of these three studies.

A 261 bp sequence of the bovine MyoD gene intron 2 was cloned and was found to bear no similarities to the human MyoD gene sequence. Polymorphisms of the Myod gene in cattle including three Chinese breeds (Luxi cattle, Jinnan cattle and Qinchuan cattle) and four cross-breeding populations (Limousin x Luxi cattle, Simmental x Luxi cattle, Charolais x Luxi cattle and Angus x Luxi cattle) were detected by PCR-SSCP. Two SSCP alleles (A and B) were detected, which caused by a C-->T at 39 bp and a C-->G transition at 112 bp. Only two genotypes AA and AB occurred in the population. In Chinese local cattle, B allele was dominant, and this locus was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium except for the Charolais x Luxi cattle and Angus x Luxi cattle. The association of these polymorphisms with cattle carcass traits was analyzed using the general linear model (GLM). Statistical analysis revealed a higher value of living weight, carcass weight and loin eye area for individuals with genotype AA than AB (P < 0.05). Further studies on a bigger population size are needed to confirm the observed effect of MyoD genotypes on carcass quality traits.

Detection of angiogenic growth factors in patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions of esophagus from high-risk area in Henan, China